Cs 


,  iiiiiii 


STATISTICAL  VIEW 


POPULATION   or  MASSACHUSETTS, 


FROM  1765  TO  1840. 


BY      JESSE     C  II  I  C  K  E  R  1  N  G 


BOSTON: 

CHARLES  C.   LITTLE   AND  JAMES  BROWN 
184G. 


Entered  acconling  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  ihc  year  1S4C, 

BY  JESSE  CIIICKERING, 

III  ilie  Clerk's  Olli.-e  of  llie  DUlricl  Court  in  the  niatrict  of  Massachnselts. 


Hewed  &  Waison'd  Prim.  CO  Congress  Si. 


rorULATION  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 


The  object  of  the  following  essay  is  to  exhibit  the  in- 
crease of  the  population  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  changes 
which  have  taken  place  in  the  number  and  proportions  of 
the  inhabitants  in  the  several  parts  of  the  Commonwealth, 
during  the  period  of  seventy-five  years  from  1765  to  1840. 

Population  is  only  one  of  the  elements  which  constitute 
a  community ;  still  it  is  an  essential  element,  and  one  to 
which  all  interests  are  subservient.  By  the  increase  or  de- 
crease of  the  inhabitants,  and  by  the  changes  in  their  num- 
ber and  proportions  in  the  several  parts  of  a  country,  we 
may,  to  some  extent,  judge  of  the  state  of  all  the  other  ele- 
ments of  society. 

We  feel  an  interest  in  what  relates  to  population,  as  well 
as  in  what  concerns  the  physical  condition  of  the  people, 
their  morals,  their  education,  their  civil  institutions,  and 
their  future  prospects. 

In  the  several  enumerations  which  have  been  taken  of 
the  people  of  this  Commonwealth,  it  can  hardly  be  expect- 
ed that  the  numbers  are  perfectly  correct ;  but  they  may 
be  regarded  as  sufficiently  so  for  the  general  purposes  of 
comparison,  and  especially  for  showing  that  the  increase 
in  and  near  Boston,  has  been  much  greater  than  in  the 
other  parts  of  the  state. 

The  censuses  used  in  this  essay  are  the  colonial  census, 
ordered  in  1764  and  finished  in  1765,  and  the  six  censuses 
of  the  United  States,  taken  at  intervals  of  ten  years  from 
1790  to  1840. 


lVii38183 


^:\  '■'',:'''    \  :      frOPtJLATiON    of    MASSACHUSETTS. 

There  was  published  in  the  Columbian  Centinel,  Aug. 
17,  1822,  a  document  purporting  to  be  an  ''Account  of  the 
Houses,  Famines,  Number  of  White  People,  Negroes  and 
Indians,  in  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  taken  in 
the  year  1764  and  1765."  The  original  returns  are  not  to 
be  found  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Common- 
wealth ;  but  there  is  a  manuscript  in  the  Library  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  agreeing  in  the  names  of 
llie  towns,  and  generally  in  the  number  of  the  inhabitants, 
and  thus  confirming  the  authenticity  of  this  account.*  Be- 
sides, the  records  of  the  General  Court  from  1763  to  1765, 
show  their  action  in  ordering  a  census  of  the  Province. 

In  this  census  there  are  mentioned  184  towns  within  the 
present  limits  of  Massachusetts,  two  of  which,  Dracut  and 
Hanover,  made  no  returns.  Two  other  towns,  Paxton  and 
Sharon,  having  been  incorporated  in  1765,  are  presumed 
to  have  been  respectively  included  in  Rutland  and  Stough- 
ton,  from  which  they  were  set  off.  Besides  these  1S6 
towns,  there  were  14  other  towns  or  districts  incorporated 
before  the  close  of  the  year  1765,  which  seem  not  to  have 
been  included  in  this  census. 

By  substituting  for  the  population  of  these  |16  towns, 
whose  returns  are  not  included  in  the  census  of  1765,  their 
population  as  contained  in  the  United  States  census  of 
1790, — considering  their  increase  during  the  25  years  as  an 
offset  to  the  population  of  the  unincorporated  settlements  not 
re(iuired  to  be  returned  in  the  census  of  1765, — we  shall 
have  a  very  near  approximation  to  the  true  number  in 
1765.    Accordingly,  we  estimate  the  number  of  inhabitants 


*See  Fdl  on  rhe  Population  of  Massachusetts,  in  the  Collections  of  the  American  Statistical 
Association,  Vol.  I.,  p.  147,  &c. 

t  These  towns  are  Dracut,  in  Middlesex  county ;  Ashhtimham,  Roycdston  and  Whiclwn- 
don,  in  Worcester  county  ;  Cluster,  in  Hampshire  county;  Askfuid,  Chtirlcmunt  and  Sun- 
</tr^an</,  in  Franklin  county;  Bccktl,  Egrcmoiit,  Lancsborough,  New  Murl/juroiig/t,  Ilich- 
mond  and  Williuiiuitotrn,  in  Uerkshire  couniy  ;  Ilanoixr,  in  Plyinoiilh  county ;  ProvincdoiCH, 
111  liarnsUiblo  county,  with  an  aggrogato  iwpulatiou  of  17,842  in  17yo. 


CENSUSES.  5 

in  Massachusetts  in  1765,  at  244,149,  exclusive  of  1,509 
Indians. 

The  population  in  1790,  according  to  the  United  States 
census  published  in  1791,  was  378,787,  which  number  is 
here  adopted  as  the  true  number,  although  in  the  revised 
census,  as  published  at  Washington  in  1832,  and  in  the  ap- 
pendix to  the  Compend  of  the  Sixth  Census  published  in 
1S41,  the  number  is  378,717,  or  70  less^  in  consequence  of 
giving  to  Nantucket  county  only  4,550  instead  of  4,620.* 
I  am  unable  to  compare  the  census  published  in  1791  with 
the  original  returns  to  the  Marshal,  which  were  deposited 
in  the  District  Clerk's  office,  and  remained  there  until  they 
were  ordered  to  Washington  to  replace  the  copy  that  was 
lost  in  the  destruction  of  the  Patent  office,  Dec.  15,  1836. 
These  returns  at  Washington  are  believed  to  be  the  only 
copy  in  existence. 

According  to  the  revised  census  of  1832,  the  population 
of  Plymouth  county,  in  1800,  was  30,473,  to  which,  by 
adding  2,229  belonging  to  Hingham  and  Hull,  then  form- 
ing a  part  of  Suffolk  county,  we  have  32,702  as  the  aggre- 
gate of  the  towns  of  Plymouth  county  as  now  constituted, 
which  number  is  400  more  than  the  aggregate  of  these 
towns  in  the  census  of  1800,  published  at  the  time.  Now, 
these  400  are  a  typographical  error  in  the  census  itself; 
and  in  1832  they  are  added,  as  genuine,  to  the  inhabitants 
of  Plympton,  making  the  number  in  that  town  1,261  in- 
stead of  861,  which  last  agrees  very  nearly  with  the  num- 
ber in  the  other  five  United  States  censuses.  The  census  of 
1800,  for  the  town  of  Plympton,  as  printed  at  the  time, 
stood  thus : 


*In  a  "Topographical  Description  of  Nantucket,"  by  Walter  Folder,  Jr.,  dated  May  21, 
1791,  and  published  in  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Collections,  (Vol.  III.  p.  1.54,)  it  is  stated 
that,  according  to  the  enumeration  taken  in  1790,  the  whole  number  of  inhabitants  was  four 
thousand  six  hundred  and  nineteen.  This  account  makes  the  females  ojic  lias  than  the  census 
published  in  1791, 


POPULATION  OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


MALES. 

FEMALES. 

Under 
lOyrs. 

or  10 

and  un- 
der 16. 

Of  Ifi 

and  un- 
der 20. 

Of  26 

and  un- 
der Ar,. 

Of  45  j 

and  np-  j 
ward.s.  ! 

Under 
lU. 

Of  10 
and  un- 
der 16. 

Of  16 
and  un- 
der 'M<. 

Of  26 
ajid  un- 
der 1.3. 

Of  45 
and  ui> 
wards. 

3 

117 

83 

461 

73 

79 

116 

78            82 

1 

89 

82 

1 

These  make  813  males  and  448  females,  and  a  total  of 
1,2(31,  showing  an  extraordinary  disproportion  of  males  to 
the  females.  The  401  males  of  10  and  nndcr  20  years 
should  be  01,  which  only  were  added  in  the  censns  of  ISOO, 
as  published  at  the  time.  By  deducting  400  from  32,702, 
we  have  32,302  for  the  population,  in  1800,  of  the  towns 
at  present  belonging  to  Plymouth  county ;  and  this  num- 
ber agrees  with  that  in  the  census  published  at  the  time, 
and  is  adopted  in  this  essay ;  and  thus  we  have  for  the 
Avliole  population  of  the  state,  in  1800,  422,81.5  instead  of 
423,245,  as  in  the  revised  census  published  thirty-two 
years  afterwards. 

In  the  census  of  1840,  there  is  an  error  of  1,  in  adding 
up  the  towns  in  Bristol  county  ;  and  the  number  is  60,105 
instead  of  00,164,  and  the  aggregate  of  the  state  737,700, 
instead  of  737,699.  In  this  census  also,  the  population  of 
Boston  is  93,383,  which  is  probably  too  great  by  at  least 
8,000,  for  it  was  only  83,979,  according  to  the  State  cen- 
sus, taken  Maij  1,  1840,  in  pursuance  of  a  law  which 
provides  "  that  state  paupers  and  convicts  in  the  state 
prison  shall  not  be  numbered ;  also,  the  inmates  of  the 
several  hospitals,  jails  and  houses  of  correction,  and  the 
students  in  colleges,  academies  and  high  schools,  shall  not 
be  numbered  in  the  census  of  towns  to  which  they  do  not 
belong." 

On  the  2d  of  June,  1763,  Ciovernor  Barnard  present- 
ed the  subject  of  taking  a  census  of  the  colony  of  iMustia- 


CENSUSES.  7 

cliusetts  Bay,  which  was  acted  upon  February  2,  1764, 
when  the  selectmen  of  each  town  and  district  were  ordered 
to  make  returns  of  the  population  "  by  the  last  day  of  De- 
cember next."  The  census  was  not  finished  in  1764  ;  and 
on  the  5th  of  March,  1765,  an  act  passed  imposing  a  pen- 
alty upon  the  selectmen  who  neglected  or  refused  to  com- 
plete the  returns  on  or  before  the  25th  of  May  following. 
It  does  not  appear  that  a  date  was  fixed  for  taking  this 
census.  It  was  a  little  more  than  twenty-five  years  before 
the  time  of  taking  the  first  United  States  census. 

The  United  States  censuses  of  1790,  1800  and  1820, 
were  taken  August  1 ;  and  those  of  1810,  1830  and  1840, 
June  1 ;  so  that  the  interval  between  the  second  and  third 
censuses,  and  that  between  the  fourth  and  fifth,  was  two 
months  less  than  ten  years,  while  that  between  the  third 
and  fourth  was  two  months  tnore  than  ten  years.  The 
whole  period  from  August  1,  1790  to  June  1,  1840,  was 
two  months  less  than  fifty  years.  These  differences  in  the 
length  of  the  intervals  between  two  successive  censuses 
will  affect  the  numerical  results,  but  so  slightly,  as  not  to 
be  regarded  as  materially  important  in  the  comparative  re- 
sults, especially  for  so  long  a  period  as  from  1790  to  1840. 
It  may  be  remarked,  however,  that  the  least  increase  in 
any  of  the  five  periods  was  from  1810  to  1820,  as  we  shall 
see  by  Table  L,  though  that  period  alone  embraced  two 
months  Tiiore  than  ten  years.  This  period  embraced  the 
second  war  with  Great  Britain,  and  was  distinguished  for 
the  stagnation  of  business  and  the  emigration  of  her  citi- 
zens to  the  West. 

By  assuming  244,149  as  the  approximate  population  of 
Massachusetts  in  1765,  the  increase  in  twenty-five  years, 
to  1790,  was  134,638,  or  55-14:  per  cent. :  averaging  1-7723 
per  cent,  per  anmmi ;  which  is  greater  than  the  increase 
has  been  in  any  equal  period  since. 

The  increase  of  Boston  from  1765  to  1790,  was  only 


8' 


POPULATION   OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


2,800,  or  lS-0393  per  cent.,  while  that  of  the  rest  of  the 
State  was  131,838  or  57-6646  per  cent.,  showing  a  much 
greater  increase  of  the  coiuitry  towns  than  of  the  capital. 
This  is  partly  to  be  ascribed  to  the  effects  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,  which  occurred  in  the  course  of  these  twenty- 
five  years,  and  in  consequence  of  which  for  a  time  most  of 
the  citizens  fled  into  the  country.  Another  cause  was,  the 
people  were  occupied  very  much  in  spreading  over  the 
western  parts  of  the  state,  as  settlers  in  the  then  wilder- 
ness, and  little  conversant  with  commerce  and  manufac- 
tures as  now  understood,  which  of  late  have  been  the  most 
important  means  of  building  up  Boston. 

TABLE  I. — Exhibiting  the  Population  of  Massachusetts,  of  Boston,  and  of  the 
Country  Towns,  or  of  the  State  exclusive  of  Boston,  according  to  the  six  United 
States  Censuses,  together  with  its  Increase  in  each  decennial  Period,  and  in  each 
year,  from  1190  to  1840. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

BOSTON. 

COUNTRY  TOWNS. 

Increase  in  10      p  g 

Increase  in  10 

S  ..i 

Increase  in  10 

i  s 

years.            g  c 

years. 

gC 

years. 

Sc 

.S   R. 

.=  a. 

1 

•SS. 

_; 

♦^ 

O  ''J 

^ 

*^ 

.J 

.J 

O  -v.! 

c 

a 

tintJ 

c 

a 

<j 

2^ 

3 

O 

gs^ 

S 

■r< 

o 

s  ^ 

c 

b. 

^^ 

S 

fc-i 

s;s. 

c 

S 

t~i 

>  a. 

>i 

o 

<i 

p.. 

<1 

O 

<; 

Ph 

< 

o 

< 

Clh 

< 

1790i378,7S7'i       • 

- 

. 

18,320 

360,467 

. 

. 

l.'OOl'm,"^:-,'  41,058 

11'63133  M0S3 

24,937 

6,617 

36-11899 

3-132 

397,908 

37,441 

10-3^680 

-9030 

1810472,040  49,195 

11-6:}42S  1-10G5 

33,787 

8,850 

35-48943 

3-083 

438,253 

40,345  10-13927 

-9704 

l«20,.523,2-i7   51,247 

10-85649  1-0359 

43,29S 

9,511 

28- 1. 5^^-14 

2-511 

479,9,89 

41,7:36    9-.52326 

-9i;37 

1830'g10,40Si  87,121 

1GG4879  1-5519 

61,392 

18,01H 

41-78945 

3-553  549,016 

69,027  14-as095 

l-a527 

1S40|737,700 
Increase  in 

127,292 

20-85:359 

1-91213 

93,383 

31,991 

52-10939 

4-283  644,317 

95,301  17-.3o851 

1-0135 

1 

50  years,  1358,913 

94-75 

75,063  409-73 

283,850  78-74 

Census  of    | 

1 

1700  ,378,787 

. 

18,320 

■ 

360,467 

■ 

1840 

737,700 

93,383 

644,317 

- 

- 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  increase  of  the  whole  population 
for  the  first  ten  years  was  nearly  equal  to  that  in  the  sec- 
ond period  of  two  months  less  duration,  but  greater  than 
that  in  the  third,  which  alone  embraced  ten  years  and  two 
months.     In  the  last  two  periods  there  was  decidedly  a 


INCREASE.  9 

larger  increase  than  in  either  of  the  first  tliree  periods. 
The  increase  of  manufactures  from  1820  to  1840,  greatly 
checked  the  emigration  to  other  states. 

The  increase  of  Boston  and  other  parts  of  the  state,  from 
1810  to  1820,  was  decidedly  less  than  during  any  other 
period,  and  during  the  last  two  periods  it  was  decidedly 
greater  than  during  the  first  two  periods. 

By  adopting  244,149  as  the  population  of  Massachusetts 
in  1765,  we  find  that  the  increase  in  the  twenty-five  years 
was  134,638,  from  which  we  deduce  the  average  increase 
of  9-1811  per  cent,  in  five  years;  of  19-2054  jier  cent,  in 
ten  years ;  and  42-0992  per  cent,  in  twenty  years.  In 
thirty  years  the  increase  at  the  same  rate  would  be  169,415 
or  69-3900  -per  cent.  At  the  average  rate  of  9-1811  per 
cent,  increase  in  five  years,  the  number  would  be  266,565 
in  1770;  291,039  in  1775;  317,760  in  1780;  346,934  in 
1785. 

On  the  16th  of  February,  1776,  a  resolve  passed  the 
Legislature  for  taking  a  census  of  the  Colony  of  Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  of  which  the  returns  show  the  number  of 
the  whites  to  have  been,  in  that  year,*  -  -  333,418 
from  which  deduct  17,623  in  York  county, 
14,110  in  Cumberland  county,  and  15,546  in 
Lincoln  county,  belonging  to  the  state  of  Maine,  47,279 


and  we  have  -------        286,139 

The  whole  number  of  the  blacks  was  5,249, 
from  which  deduct  241  on  account  of  the  three 
counties  in  Maine,  ------  4,761 


and  we  have,  for  the  whole  population  in  1776,         290,900 


*Seo  Velt  on  the  Population  of  MassacliiHelts,  in  tho  Collections  of  the  American  Statistical 
Association,  Vol.  I.,  p.  165.  &c. 

2 


10  POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

which  is  only  139  less  than  the  mean  number 
in  1775,  as  deduced  from  the  average  increase 
of  the  census  in  1705. 

In  1784,  the  number  of  the  polls  in  Massa- 
chnsetts  Bay  was  ------  90,757 

from  wliich  deduct  on  account  of  tlie  three 

counties  in  Maine,  -----  13.723 


and  we  have  for  the  number  of  the  polls,         -  77,034 

Dy  multiplying  this  number  by  4^,  we  have  -  31C,G53 
which  is  2S1  less  than  346,934,  the  mean  num- 
ber in  1785,  as  deduced  from  the  average  in- 
crease from  1765.  I  have  referred  to  the  cen- 
suses of  1776  and  1784,  in  order  to  show  their 
near  agreement  with  the  results  deduced  from 
the  average  increase. 

The  average  increase  of  Massachusetts,  in  each  period 
of  ten  years,  from  1765  to  179U,  was  19.2054  per  cent. ;  and 
from  1790  to  1S40,  142606 pei'  cent. 

The  average  increase  of  Massachusetts,  in  each  period 
of  twenty  years,  from  1765  to  1790,  was  42-0992  per  cent. , 
and  from  1790  to  1840,  30-5551  ;jcr  cent. 

The  average  increase  of  Boston,  in  each  period  of  ten 
years,  from  1790  to  1840,  was  38-506  -per  cent. ;  and  of  the 
rest  of  the  state  only  12-3173  /^er  cent. 

The  increase  of  Massachusetts,  from  1765  to  1840,  was 
493,551  or  202-1515  per  cent.  ;  of  Boston,  77,863  or 
501-6945  per  cent.  ;  and  of  the  rest  of  tlie  state,  415,688 
or  181-8177  per  cent. 

Tiie  average  increase  of  Massachusetts,  from  1765  to 
1840,  in  each  twenty-five  years,  was  44-5688  per  cent. ;  in 
each  twenty  years,  34-2950  per  cent. ;  in  each  ten  years, 
15-SS57  per  cent.;  in  each  five  years,  7-()503  per  cent.;  and 


AVERAGE   INCREASE.  11 

in  each  year,  1*4853 /?e;*  cent.  This  last  is  -1433  j^cr  cent, 
"per  annum  greater  than  1-3420  per  cent.^  the  rate  from 
1700  to  1810. 

It  will  appear  from  these  statements,  that  the  average  in- 
crease of  the  population  of  Massachusetts  was  greater 
from  1765  to  1790  than  it  has  been  since.  Had  the  rate 
continued  the  same,  the  number  would  have  been  911,749 
in  1840.  Also,  the  increase  of  Boston  was,  on  an  average, 
much  less  during  the  first  twenty-five  years  than  that  of 
the  other  parts  of  the  state,  and  much  greater  during  the 
last  two  periods  of  twenty-five  years  each,  showing  a  ten- 
dency to  a  centralization  in  Boston. 

The  next  table  shows  the  average  number  of  the  inhabit- 
ants in  each  year,  according  to  the  United  States  censuses, 
together  Avith  the  increase,  on  the  supposition  of  a  uniform 
rate  of  increase  in  each  year  for  each  of  the  five  periods,  and 
the  same  carried  to  1850,  at  the  rate  of  increase  from  1830  to 
1840.  It  will  be  perceived,  that,  in  consequence  of  the 
difference  of  rate  in  the  two  parts  of  the  Commonwealth, 
their  increase,  until  1840,  for  the  first  five  years  of  each 
period,  is  a  little  /ess,  and  for  the  last  five  years  a  little 
greater^  than  the  total  increase  of  the  state. 


12 


POPULATION   OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  II. — Exhibiting  the  Average  Fopulatio7i  of  Massachusetts,  of  Boston,  and 
of  the  Country  Towns,  together  nith  the  Average  Increase  and  Rate  of  Increase 
for  each  year,  according  to  the  six  United  States  Censuses,  from  1790  to  1840. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

BOSTON. 

COUNTRY    TOWNS. 

VeaiB. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Iricrea.se. 
Kate  1-1UG3 
per  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 
Rate  3- 132 
per  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 

liate  -'M'-i  jitr 

cent. 

1790 
1791 
1792 
1793 
1794 
1795 
1796 
1797 
1798 
1799 
1800 

378,787 
382,978 
387,215 
391,499 
395,831 
400,210 
404,638 
409,115 
413,641 
418,217 
422,845 

4,191 
4,237 
4,284 
4,332 
4,379 
4,428 
4,477 
4,526 
4,576 
4,(328 

18,320 
18,894 
19,486 
20,097 
20,726 
21^375 
22,044 
22,734 
23,446 
24,180 
24,937 

574 

592 
611 
629 
649 
669 
690 
712 
734 
757 

3(30,467 
3(34,047 
367,6(32 
371,313 
375,000 
378,725 
382,487 
386,285 
390,121 
393,995 
397,908 

3,580 
3,615 
3,(351 
3,687 
3,725 
3,762 
3,798 
3,836 
3,874 
3,913 

10  yrs. 

- 

44,058 

- 

6,617 

- 

37,441 

Years. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increa.se. 
Rale  11065 
per  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 
Rale  3083 
per  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 
Rate  -eriM 
per  cent. 

1801 
1802 
1803 
1804 
1805 
1806 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 

427,524 
432,255 
437,039 
441,876 
44(3,766 
451,710 
456,709 
461,763 
466,873 
472,040 

4,679 
4,739 
4,784 
4,837 
4,890 
4,944 
4,999 
5,051 
5,110 
5,1(37 

25,706 
26,499 
27,316 
28,158 
29,026 
29,921 
30,844 
31,795 
32,776 
33,787 

7(39 
793 
817 
842 
868 
895 
923 
951 
981 
1,011 

401,7(39 
405,6(38 
409,(305 
413,580 
417,594 
421,646 
425,738 
429,869 
434,041 
438,253 

3,861 
3,899 
3,937 
3,975 
4,014 
4,052 
4,092 
4,131 
4,172 
4,212 

10  yrs. 

49,195 

- 

8,850 

- 

40,345 

Years. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 
Rate  10350 
per  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Incroa.se. 
Rale  2-511 
]ier  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 
Rale  -9137 
per  cent. 

1811 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1815 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 

47(3,930 
481,871 
4H(3,863 
491,907 
497.003 
502,152 
507,354 
512,610 
517,921 
523,287 

4,890 
4,94  J 
4,992 
5,044 
5,09(3 
5,149 
5,202 
5,256 
5,311 
5,36(3 

34,635 
35,505 
36,397 
37,311 
38,248 
39,208 
40,193 
41,202 
42,237 
43,298 

848 

870 

892 

914 

937 

9(30 

985 

1,009 

1,035 

1,001 

442,258 
446,300 
450,378 
454,494 
458,647 
4(52,838 
467,068 
471,336 
475,643 
479,989 

4,005 

4,042 
4,078 
4,116 
4.153 
4,191 
4,230 
4,268 
4,307 
4,346 

10  yrs. 

- 

51,247 

- 

9,511 

41,736 

AVERAGE   INCREASE. 


13 


TABLE  U.— Continued. 


MASSACHU.SETTS. 

BOSTON. 

COUNTRY    TOWNS. 

Years. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 
Rate  1-5519 
per  coil. 

Averasc 
Population. 

Av  Increa.se. 
Rate  3-553 

per  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 
Rate  1-3527 

per  cc7it. 

1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 

531,408 
539,655 
548,030 
556,535 
565,172 
573,943 
582,850 
591,895 
601,080 
610,408 

8,121 
8,247 
8,375 
8,505 
8,637 
8,771 
8,907 
9,045 
9,185 
9,328 

44,8.37 
46,430 
48.080 
49,7S8 
51,557 
53.389 
5.5,286 
57,251 
59,285 
61,392 

1,539 
1,593 
1,()50 
1,708 
1,71)9 
1,832 
1,897 
1,965 
2,034 
2,107 

486,482 
493,063 
499,733 
506,493 
513,344 
520,288 
527,326 
534,459 
541,689 
549,016 

6,493 
6,581 
6,670 
6,7()0 
6,851 
6,944 
7,038 
7,133 
7,230 
7,327 

10  yrs. 

- 

87,121 

18,094 

- 

69,027 

Years. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 

Rate  1-91213 

per  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increa.se. 
Rate  4-2.S3 
2Kr  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  lucrexse. 

Rate  l-61,3o 

jter  cent. 

1831 
1832 
1833 

622,080 
633,975 
646,097 

11,672 
11,895 
12.122 

64,022 
66,765 
69,625 

2,630 
2,743 
2,860 

557,874 
5(i6,876 
576,023 

8,858 
9,002 
9,147 

1834 

658,451 

12,354 

72,607 

2,982 

585,317 

9,294 

1835 

671,042 

12,591 

75,717 

3,110 

594,761 

9,444 

1836 

683,873 

12,831 

78,960 

3,243 

604,357 

9,596 

1837 

696,950 

13,077 

82,342 

3,382 

614,108 

9,751 

1838 
1839 

710,277 
723,859 

13,327 
13,582 

8,5,869 
89,547 

3,527 

3,678 

624,017 
634,086 

9,909 
10.069 

1840 

737,700 

13,841 

93,383 

3,836 

644,317 

10,231 

10  yrs. 

- 

127,292 

- 

31,991 

- 

95,301 

Years. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 

Rate  1-91213 

per  cent,. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increase. 
Rale  4-aS3 
per  cent. 

Average 
Population. 

Av.  Increa.se. 

Rale  1-6135 

per  cent. 

1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 

751,806 
766,182 
780,832 
795,763 
810,979 
826,486 
842,290 
858,396 
874,810 
891,537 

14,106 
14,376 
14,650 
14,931 
15,216 
15,507 
15,804 
16,106 
16,414 
16,727 

97,383 
101,554 
105.904 
110,441 
115,172 
120,105 
125,250 
130,615 
136,210 
142;044 

4,000 
4,171 
4,350 
4,537 
4,731 
4,933 
5,145 
5,365 
5,595 
5,831 

654,713 
665,277 
676,011 
686,919 
698,003 
709,265 
720,709 
732,338 
744,154 
756,161 

10,396 
10,564 
10,7.34 
10,908 
11,084 
11,262 
11,444 
11,629 
11,816 
12,007 

10  yrs. 

-    1     153,837    1     - 

48,661     1     -          -     1     111,844 

i4  POPULATION   OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

Having  considered  the  increase  of  the  population  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  comparison  with  that  of  Boston  and  other 
parts  of  the  state,  I  will  now  consider  it  in  respect  to  the 
several  counties  and  towns. 

The  state  of  Massachusetts  is  at  present  divided  into  14 
counties,  which  have  received  but  slight  alterations  in  tlieir 
territorial  limits  since  they  were  incorporated,  except  the 
counties  of  Hampsliire  and  Suffolk. 

The  counties  of  Suffolk,  Essex  and  Middlesex  were  in- 
corporated May  10,  1G43 ;  of  Hampshire,  May  7,  1GG2 ;  of 
Plymouth,  Bristol  and  Barnstable,  June  2,  16S5 ;  of  Nan- 
tucket, June  20,  1695;  of  Dukes,  June  25,  1795;  of  Wor- 
cester, April  2,  1731  ;  and  of  Berkshire,  April  21.  1731. 

In  1790,  Suffolk  county  comprised  Norfolk,  which  was 
set  off,  and  incorporated  March  26, 1793,  and  also  the  towns 
of  Hingham  and  Hull  till  June  18,  1803,  when  they  were 
annexed  to  Plymouth. 

In  1790,  1800  and  1810,  Hampshire  county  comprised 
Franklin,  which  was  set  off,  and  incorporated  June  24, 
1811,  and  Hampden,  which  was  set  off,  and  incorporated 
February  25,  1812. 

The  next  table  embraces  the  14  counties,  as  near  as  may 
be,  according  to  their  jpresent  territorial  limits,  with  correc- 
tions of  the  censuses  as  indicated  above.  The  population 
is  put  down  against  the  names  of  the  towns  and  places 
such  as  they  are  designated  in  the  six  United  States  cen- 
suses ;  and  in  respect  to  the  colonial  census,  the  only 
ciianges  in  the  names  of  the  towns  mentioned  in  that  cen- 
sus, arc  that  of  ^outh  Briuijldd^  now  Wales,  that  of  llul- 
land  District,  now  Barre,  and  that  of  Shei'hwm,  now  Nan- 
tucket. In  the  first  column,  the  names  of  the  towns,  such 
as  they  were  in  1846,  are  in  roman  letters,  and  the  rest  in 
italics ;  the  shire  towns  arc  designated  by  capital  letters. 
The  number  of  towns,  including  two  districts,  with  tiic 
nnmicipal  powers  of  towns,  was  309  in  1840,  and  313  in 
1816. 


COUNTIES    AND   TOWNS. 


15 


The  population  of  the  towns  is  pnt  down  in  the  tabic, 
according  to  the  censuses ;  but,  in  consequence  of  the  divis- 
ion of  some  of  the  towns,  their  population  sometimes  ap- 
pears smaller  at  a  subsequent  date, — and,  in  consequence 
of  the  alteration  of  the  dividing  lines,  the  number  within 
the  j^resent  limits  of  some  towns,  will  differ  a  little  from 
that  in  the  table.  These  corrections  cannot  be  made,  and 
will  affect  the  results  only  within  very  small  districts. 

In  the  marginal  notes  are  given  the  dates  of  the  Acts  of 
the  Legislature  since  1790,  relating  to  the  changes  in  the 
names,  in  the  dividing  lines,  and  in  the  organization  of 
towns ;  to  the  division,  union,  or  formation  of  towns ;  and 
to  the  annexation  of  a  part  of  one  town  to  another,  or  of 
unincorporated  tracts  to  one  or  more  towns. 

TABLE  III. — Exhibiting  the  Population  in  the  Towns  of  Massachusetts,  ac- 
cording to  the  seven  Censuses,  from  1765  to  1840,  together  with  the  years  of 
their  Incorporation,  (new  style),  by  Counties. 

SUFFOLK  COUNTY. 


TOWNS. 

Incor. 

Census. 
1765 

Census. 
1790 

Census. 
1800 

Census. 
1810 

Census. 
1820 

Census. 
1830 

Census. 
1840 

Boston,  a  city,(l) 
Islands  in  Harbor, 
Chelsea,  (2) 
North  Chelsea,  (3) 

1630 

1739 
1846 

15,520  18,038 

282 
462       472 

24,937 

849 

33,250 
537 

594 

43,298 
642 

61,392 

771 

93,383 
2,390 

Total, 

- 

15,982  18,792 

25,786 

34,381 

43,940 

02,163 

95,773 

1 .  The  north-eastern  part  of  Dorchester,  now  called  South  Boston,  was  annexed  to  Boston, 

March  6,  1804. 
The  town  of  Boston  made  a  city,  Feljmary  23,  1322. 
Boundary  line  of  Boston  and  Brookline  established,  with  a  part  of  Brookline  annexed 

to  Boston,  Fehruary  22,  1825.    This  annexed  portion,  joined  to  Ward  G,  March  3,  1S2G. 
Thompson's  Island  anne.xed  to  Boston  from  Dorchester,  March  25, 18.34. 
Boundary  line  of  Boston  and  Ro.xbury  estaljlished  March  16,  183G,  and  altered  April  19, 

1837. 

2.  See  Saugus. 

3.  North  Chelsea  set  off  from  Chelsea,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  March  19,  184G, 


IG 


POPULATION    OF   IMASSACHUSETTS. 


ESSEX  COUNTY. 


TOWNS. 


Incor. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1,567 

1,801 

1,757 

1,890 

1,956 

2,445 

2,142 

2,863 

2.941 

3,164 

3,889 

4,530 

2,161 

3,290 

3,881 

4,608 

4,283 

4,073 

b51 

925 

852 

880 

906 

935 

1.125 

1,371 

1,420 

1,369 

1,600 

1,856 

2,133 

2,425 

2,643 

3,127 

3,646 

4,228 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,107 

1,333 

3,763 

5,317 

5,313 

5,943 

6,384 

7,510 

- 

. 

749 

780 

802 

748 

1,980 

2,408 

2,730 

2,682 

3,070 

3,896 

3,743 

4,562 

3,305 

3,569 

2,553 

2,949 

2,198 

2,291 

2,837 

4,087 

4,515 

6,138 

. 

491 

468 

509 

596 

617 

732 

965 

1,082 

1,137 

1,201 

1,236 

4,954 

5,661 

5,211 

5,900 

5,630 

5,149 

933 

1,297 

1,253 

1,181 

1,371 

2,006 

581 

682 

598 

541 

596 

607 

2,960 

3,972 

4,076 

5,176 

3,671 

3,603 

2,882 

4,837 

5,946 

7,634 

6,852 

6,375 

1,477 

1,772 

1,557 

1,682 

1,825 

2,044 

4,427 

7,921 

9,457 

12,613 

12,731 

13,895 
2,5 19 1 

1,329 

1,780 

1,855 

2,047 

2,006 

Census. 
1840 


Amesbury,  (1)    - 
Andover,    - 
Beverly,     - 
Boxford,  (2) 
Bradford,   - 
Danver,-<,  (3) 
Essex,  (4)  - 
Georgetown,  (5)  - 
Gloucester,  (6)    - 
Hamilton,  (7) 
Haverhill,  - 
Ipswich,  (8) 
Lynn.  (9)  - 
Lynniield,  (10)  - 
Manchester, 
Marblehead, 
Methuen,    - 
Middleton,  - 
Newbury,  (11)    - 
Newbukyport,   - 
Rockport,  (12)    - 
Rowley,  (13) 
Salem,  a  city,  (14) 
Salisbury,  (15)  - 


166S 

161 

1668 

1685 

1675 

1757 

1819 

1838 

1639 

1793 

164 

1634 

1637 

1782 

1645 

1649 

1725 

1728 

1635 

1764 

1840 

1639 

1629 

1639 


2,471 
5,207 
4,689 

942 
2,222 
5,020 
1,450 
1,540 
6,350 

818 
4,336 
3,000 
9,367 

707 
1,355 
5,575 
2,251 

657 
3,789 
7,161 
2.650 
1,203 
15,082 
2,739 


1.  Part  of  Salisbury  annexed  to  Amesbury,  March  15,  1844. 

2.  Pan  of  Rowley  annexed  to  Boxford,  June  10,  1808. 

Boundary  line  of  Boxford  and  Rowley  established,  June  18,  1825. 
Pan  of  Ipswich  annexe<i  to  Boxford,  March  7,  1S46. 

3.  See  Saitm. 

4.  Essex  set  off  from  Ipswich,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  February  15,  1819. 

5.  Georgetown  set  off  from  Rowley,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  April  21,  1833. 

6.  See  Rockport. 

7.  The  Parish  of  Ipswich  Hamlet,  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Hamilton,  June  21,  1793. 

8.  See  Buxfurd,  Essrx  and  Hamilton, 

9.  Boundary  line  of  Lynn  and  Chelsea  defined,  June  21,  1S30.    Sec  Cludsea,  Lynnfdd  and 

Saugiis. 

10.  Lynnfield  set  off  from  Lynn,  and  incorporated  as  a  District,  July  3,  17S2,  and  as  a  town, 

February  23,  1814. 

1 1 .  See  West  Newbury. 

12.  R(ick|X)n  set  off  from  Gloucester,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  February  27,  181(1. 

13.  Sou  Buxfurd  and  GcorgetuwH. 

11.  The  town  of  Salum  made  a  city,  March  23,  1S36. 

Boundary  line  of  iialem  and  Danvcrs  altered,  March  17,  \SiO. 
15.  See  AiiunOiiry. 


COUNTIES   AND   TOWNS. 


17 


ESSEX  COUNTY— Contmued. 


TOWNS. 

Incor. 

Census. 
1765 

Census. 
1790 

Census. 
1800 

Census. 
1810 

Census. 
1820 

Census. 
1830 

Census. 
1840 

Saugus,  (1) 
Topsfield,   - 
Wenham,   - 
West  Newbury, 

-  1815 

-  1650 

-  1643 
(2)1819 

719'       780 
564:      502 

789 
476 

815 
554 

74s'       96o'    1,098 

866i    1,010,    1,05'J 

572!       611        689 

1,279,    1,586,    1,560 

Total,      - 

-     i     - 

43,524  57,913  61,196;  71,888 

74,655|  82,859  94,987 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY. 


Ashland,  (3) 

1846 

Acton, 

1735 

611 

853 

901 

885 

1,047 

1,128 

1,121 

Ashby,  (4) 

1767 

. 

751 

941 

1,103 

1,188 

1,240 

1,246 

Bedford,      - 

1729 

457 

523 

538 

592 

648 

685 

929 

Billerica,     - 

1655 

1,334 

1,191 

1,383 

1,289 

1,380 

1,374 

1,632 

Boxborough,  (5) 

1783 

. 

412 

387 

388 

424 

474 

426 

Brighton,  (6) 

1807 

. 

. 

. 

608 

702 

972 

1,425 

Burlington,  (7)  - 

1799 

. 

- 

534 

471 

508 

446 

510 

Camb'dge,  acity,(8) 

1633 

1,571 

2,115 

2,453 

2,323 

3,295 

6,072 

8,409 

Carlisle,  (9) 

1780 

- 

555 

634 

672 

681 

566 

556 

Charlestown,  (10) 

1629 

2,031 

1,583 

2,751 

4,959 

6,591 

8,783 

11,484 

Chelmsford,  (11) 

1655 

1,012 

1,144 

1,290 

1,396 

1,535 

1,387 

1,697 

Concord,    - 

1635 

1,564 

1,590 

1,679 

1,633 

1,788 

2,017 

1,784 

1.  Part  of  Lynn  incorporaled  as  the  town  of  Saugus,  February  17,  LSIS. 

Part  of  Chelsea  annexed  to  Saugus,  February  22,  1S41. 

2.  Parsons  set  off  from  Newbury,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  West  Newbury,  June  14, 

1820. 

3.  Part  of  Hopkinton,  Framingham  and  Holliston  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of 

Ashland,  March  16,  1846. 

4.  Part  of  Ashburnham  annexed  to  Ashby,  November  16,  1792,  and  part  of  Fitchburg,  March 

3,  1829. 

5.  Part  of  Stow,  Harvard  and  Littleton  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  District  of  Boxborough, 

February  2.5,  1783,  and  as  a  town,  Blay  1,  1336.     See  Littletoyi. 

6.  Part  of  Cambridge  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Brighton,  February  24,  1807. 

Part  of  Cambridge  annexed  to  Brighton,  January  27,  1816. 

7.  Part  of  Woburn  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Burlington,  February  28,  1799. 

See  Lexington, 

8.  Part  of  Charlestown  annexed  to  Cambridge,  Blarch  6,  1802,  February  12,  1818,  and  June  17, 

1820. 
Town  of  Cambridge  made  a  city,  March  17,  1846.     See  Brighton  and  West  Cambridge. 

9.  District  of  Carlisle  incorporated  as  a  town,  February  18,  1805. 

10.  Part  of  Medford  annexed  to  Charlestown,  June  21,  1811.   See  Sormrville  and  W.  Cambridge. 

11.  See  Lowell. 


18 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


MIDDLESEX  COUNTY— Continued. 


1  Census. 

Census. 

1 
Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census.    Census. 

TOWXS. 

Incor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1730      1800 

Dracut, 

1702 

1,217 

1,217 

1,274 

1,301 

1,407 

1,615 

2,188 

Dunstable,  (1)    - 

1673 

559 

380 

485 

475 

584 

593 

603 

Framingham,  (2) 

1700 

1,305 

1,598 

1.625 

1,670 

2,037 

2,313 

3,030 

Groton,  (3) 

1655 

1,423 

1,840 

1^802 

1,886 

1,897 

1,925 

2,139 

Holliston,  (4)      - 

1724 

705 

875 

783 

989 

1,042 

1,304 

1,782 

Hopkinton,  (5)   - 

1715 

1,027 

1,317 

1,372 

1,345 

1,655 

1,S09|    2,245 

Lexington,  (6)    - 

1713 

912 

941 

1,006 

1,052 

1,200 

1,543 

1,642 

Lincoln, 

1754 

649 

740 

756 

713 

706 

709 

686 

Littleton,  (7) 

1715 

773 

854 

904 

773 

955 

947 

927 

Lowell,  a  city,  (8) 

1826 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6,474  20,796 

Maiden,  (9) 

1649 

■  983 

1,033 

1,059 

1,384 

1,731 

2,010:    2,514 

Marlborough,  (10) 

1660 

1,287 

1.554 

1,735 

1,674 

1,952 

2,077i    2,101 

Medford,  (11)     - 

1630 

790 

i;029 

1,114 

1,443 

1,474 

1,755    2.478 

Natick,  (12) 

1762 

474 

615 

694 

766 

849 

890:    1,285 

Newton,  (13)      - 

1691 

1,308 

1,360 

1,491 

1,709 

1,850 

2,376 

3,351 

Pepperell,  (14)   - 

1753 

758 

1,132 

1,198 

1,333 

1,439 

1,440 

1,571 

Reading,  (15)     - 

1644 

1,530 

1,802 

2,025 

2,228 

2,797 

1,806 

2,193 

Sherburne,  (16)  - 

1674 

670 

801 

775 

770 

811 

899 

995 

1.  Boundary  line  of  Dunstable  and  Tyngsborough  established,  January  29,  1798. 

Part  of  Grolon  annexed  to  Dunstable,  February  25,  1793,  January  26,  1796,  and  June  18, 
1303.    See  Groton  and  Tyngsborough. 

2.  Part  of  Holliston  annexed  to  Framingham,  February  11,  1833.    See  Ashland,  Holliston, 

Hopkinton  and  Marlborovgh. 

3.  Part  of  Pepperell  annexed  to  Grolon,  Febniary  3,  1803. 

Boundary  line  of  Grolon  and  Dunstable  established,  February  15,  1820. 
See  Dunstable  and  Shirley. 

4.  Boundary  line  of  HoUislon  and  Medway  altered,  March  3,  1829. 

Boundary  line  of  Holliston,  Hopkinton  and  Medway  established,  March  27,  183,'» 
See  Ashland  and  Pramingliain. 

5.  See  Ashland,  Framingham,  Holliston  and  Upton. 

6.  Part  of  Burlington  annexed  to  Lexington,  January  10,  1810. 

7.  Boundary  line  of  Littleton  and  Boxborough  established,  February  20, 1794. 

See  Boxborough, 

8.  Part  of  Chelmsford  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Lowell,  March  1,  1826. 

Part  of  Tewksbury  annexed  to  Lowell,  March  22,  1S32  and  March  29,  1S34. 
Lowell  made  a  city,  April  1,  1836. 

9.  See  Medford. 

10.  Part  of  Framingham  annexed  to  Marlliorough,  Febniary  23, 1791,  and  part  of  Souihborough, 

March  24,  1!J43.    See  Bolton  and  Northborotigh. 

11.  Part  of  Maiden  annexed  to  Medford,  June  10,  1817.    See  Cliarlestotm. 

12.  Part  of  Sherburne  annexed  to  Natick,  February  7,  1820.     See  Needham. 

13.  An  island  between  Needham  and  Newton,  annexed  to  Newton,  June 21, 1803.  SeeRoxbury. 

14.  See  Groton. 

15.  See  South  Reading. 

16.  See  Natick  and  Medway. 


COUNTIES    AND    TOWNS. 


m 


MIDDLESEX  COUNTY— Continued. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

Incor 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Shirley,  (1) 
Soraerville,  (2)   - 

1753 

430 

677 

713 

814 

922 

991 

957 

1842 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

South  Reading,  (3) 

1812 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,311 

1,517 

Stoneham,  - 

1725 

340 

381 

380 

467 

615 

732 

1,017 

Stow,  (4)    - 

1083 

794 

801 

890 

885 

1,071 

1,220 

1,230 

Sudbury,    - 

1639 

1,773 

1,290 

1,303 

1,287 

1,417 

1,423 

1,422 

Tewksbury,  (5)  - 

1734 

781 

958 

944 

943 

1,008 

1,527 

906 

Townsend,  - 

1732 

598 

993 

1,149 

1,246 

1,482 

1,506 

1,892 

Tyngsborough,  (6) 

1789 

- 

382 

696 

704 

808 

822 

870 

Waltham,  - 

1738 

663 

882 

903 

1,014 

1,677 

1,857 

2,504 

Watertown, 

1630 

693 

1,091 

1,207 

1,531 

1,518 

1,641 

1,810 

Wayland,  (7)      - 

1835 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

998 

East  Sudbury, 

1780 

- 

801 

835 

824 

962 

944 

- 

W.  Cambridge,  (8) 

1807 

. 

. 

- 

971 

1,064 

1,230 

1,363 

Westlord,  - 

1 729 

962 

1,229 

1,267 

1,330 

1.409 

1,329 

1,436 

Weston, 

1713 

768 

1,010 

1,027 

1,008 

1,041 

1,091 

1,092 

Wilmington, 

1730 

673 

710 

797 

716 

786 

731 

859 

Woburn,  (9) 

1642 

1,515 

1,727 

1,228 

1,219 

1,519 

1,977 

2,993 

Total,      - 

- 

34,940 

42,737 

46,928 

52,789 

61,472 

77,961 

106611 

WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


Ashburnham,  (10)    1765 
Athol,  ( 1 1) -     |l762 


951 
359 


951 

848 


994 
993 


1,036 
1,041 


1,230 
1,211 


1,402 
1,325 


1,652 
1,591 


1.  Part  of  Groton  anne.Ked  to  Shirley,  February  G,  1793.     See  Limenburg. 

2.  Part  of  Charlestown  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  tlie  town  of  SomerviUe,  March  3,  1842. 

3.  Part  of  Reading  set  off",  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  South  Reading,  February  25,  1812. 

4.  See  Boxborough, 

5.  See  Lowell. 

6.  Part  of  Dunstable  annexed  to  Tyngsborough,  March  3,  1792. 

District  of  Tyngsborough  made  a  town,  Febntary  23,  1809. 

Boundary  line  of  Tyngsborough  and  Dunstable  established,  June  10,  1814. 

7.  Name  of  East  Sudbury  changed  to  Wayland,  March  11,  1835. 

8.  Part  of  Cambridge  set  off",  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  West  Cambridge,  February  27, 

1807. 
Part  of  Charlestown  annexed  to  West  Cambridge,  February  25,  1842. 

9.  See  Burlington. 

10.  Part  of  Gardner  annexed  to  Ashburnham,  February  16,  1815,  and  of  Westminster,  January 

28,  1824.     See  Ashbij. 

11.  Part  of  Gerry  annexed  to  Athol,  February  26,   1806,  of  Orange,  Febraary  7,  1816,  and  of 

New  Salem,  February  5,  18-30,  and  March  16,  1837. 
Land  confirmed  to  Athol,  June  11,  1829.     See  Royalston. 


20 


POPULATION   OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


WORCESTER  COUNTY—  Contiiiued. 


TOWNS. 


Incor. 


Census. 
1765 


Census. 
1790 


Census. 
1800 


Census. 
1810 


Census. 
1820 


Census. 
1830 


Census. 
1840 


Auburn,  (1) 
Barre,  (2)  - 
Berlin,  (3)  - 
Blackstone,  (1)  - 
Bolton,  (5) 
Boylston,  (0) 
Brookfield,  (7)    - 
Charlton,  (8^      - 
Dana,  (9)  - 
Douglas,  (10)     - 
Dudley,  (11)       - 
Fitchburg,  (12)  - 
Gore, 

Gardner,  (13)  - 
Grafton,  (14)  - 
Hard  wick,  (15)  - 
Harvard,  (16)    - 


1778 

1753 

17 

IS  15 

173.S 

1786 

1673 

1754 

1801 

1746 

1732 

1764 

1785 
1735 
1739 
1732 


473 

734 

1,613 

- 

512 

925 

861 

. 

839 

1,811 

3,100 

739 

1,965 

521 

1,079 

748 

1,114 

259 

1,151 

. 

14 

- 

531 

763 

872 

1,010 

1.725 

1,126 

1,387 

532 

1,937 

590 

945 
1,058 
3,284 
2,120 

1,083 
1,140 
1,390 

667 

985 

1,727 

1,310 


540 

1,971 

591 

1,037 
800 
3,170 
2,180 
625 
1,142 
1,226 
1,566 

815 

946 

1,657 

1,431 


608 

2,077 

625 

1,229 
902 
2,292 
2,134 
664 
1,375 
1,615 
1,736 


690 

2,503 

692 

1.253 
820 
2,342 
2,173 
623 
1,742 
2,155 
2,169 


911  1,023 

1,154'  1,889 

1,8361  1,885 

l,597i  1,600 


649 

2,751 

763 

1,186 
797 
2,472 
2,117 
691 
1,617 
1,352 
2,604 

1,260 
2,943 
1,789 
1,571 


1.  Name  of  Ward  changed  to  Auburn,  February  17,  18-37. 

2.  Barre  was  incorporated  as  Rutland  District,  March  28,  1753. 

3.  Part  of  Lancaster  annexed  to  Berlin,  February  8,  1791,  and  of  Norlhljorough,  February  14, 

1806. 
District  of  Berlin  incorporated  as  a  town,  February  12,  1812. 

4.  Part  of  Mendon  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Blackstone,  March  25,  184-5. 

5.  Part  of  Marlborough  annexed  to  Bolton,  Fctiruary  11,  1829. 

Boundary  line  of  Bolton  and  Westborough  established,  March  16,  1S3S. 

6.  See  West  Boi/lston. 

7.  Boundary  line  of  Brookfield  and  New  Braintree  established,  June  10,  1791,  and  an  addi- 

tional act,  March  8,  1792.     See  North  Brookfield  and  Ware. 

8.  See  Sovthbridge  and  Sturbridge. 

9.  Part  of  Petersham,  Hardwick  and  Greenwich  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Dana, 

February  13, 1301.     Boundary  line  of  Dana  established,  February  12,  1S03,  and  of  Dana 
and  Greenwich,  June  19,  1811. 
Part  of  Petersham  and  Hardwick  annexed  to  Dana,  February  4,  1842. 

10.  See  Wtbstcr. 

11.  Middlesex  Gore,  so  called,  annexed  to  Dudley  and  Sturbridge,  June  25,  179-1. 

See  Suulhhridge  and  Webster. 

12.  See  Ashby  and  Westminster. 

13.  Part  of  Winchendon  annexed  to  Gardner,  February  20,  1794.    See  Ashburnham. 

14.  Gore  of  land  annexed  to  Grafton,  June  14,  1S23. 

Part  of  Shrewsbury  annexed  to  Grafton,  March  3,  1826. 

Part  of  Sutton  annexed  to  Grafton,  March  3,  1842.    See  Worcester. 

15.  Part  of  New  Braintree  annexed  to  Hardwick,  June  10,  1814. 

Gore  of  land  annexed  to  Hardwick,  February  7,  1.831  and  Februuiy  6,  1S33. 
See  Dana  and  PeteTsham. 
IC.  See  Doxbormtgh 


COUNTIES   AND    TOWNS. 


21 


WORCESTER  COUNTY— Cowifmwerf. 


TOWNS. 


Census. 

Incor. 

1765 

1741 

495 

1707 

- 

1653 

1,999 

1711 

770 

1740 

713 

1728 

821 

1667 

1,838 

1780 

- 

1813 

- 

1751 

594 

1766 

. 

1772 

- 

1812 

. 

1762 

270 

1713 

890 

1765 

. 

1754 

707 

1786 

- 

1759 

284 

■ 

' 

Census. 
1790 


Census. 

Census. 

1800 

1810 

1,142 
1,113 
1,584 

1,072 
1,127 
1,694 

1,103 

1,181 

1,4«6 

1,584 

1,243 
1,628 

1,371 
1,819 

907 

973 

875 

912 

698 

794 

544 

713 

801 

848 

1,237 

1,277 

582 

619 

1,794 
802 

1,490 
839 

1,021 

1,062 

■ 

' 

Census. 
1820 


Census. 
1830 


Census. 
1840 


Holden,  (1) 
Hubbardston,  (2) 
Lancaster,  (3)     - 
Leicester,   - 
Leominster,  (4)  -  ) 
Gore,  -        -  I 

2Vo  Town,  (5)      -  ) 
Lunenburs;,  (6)  - 
Mendon,  (7) 
B'lilford,      - 
Millbury,  (8)      - 
New  Braintree,  (9) 
Northborough,  (10)  1766 
Northbridge,  (11) 
N.  Brookfield,  (12) 
Oakham,    - 
Oxford,  (13) 
Gore, 

Paxton,  (14) 
Petersham,  (15) 
Phillipston,  (16) 
Princeton,  (17) 
Gore., 


1,077 
933 

1,460 

1,076' 

1,189 

27 

1,277 

1,555 

839 

939 
619 
569 

772 
1,000 

237 

558 
1,560 

740 

1,016 

26 


1,402 
1,367 
1,862 
1,252 
1,790 


1,209 
2,254 
1,160 

926 

888 
1,018 

905 
1,095 

986 
1,562 

613 
1,623 

916 
1,261 


1,719 
1,674 
2,014 

1,782 
1,861 

69 
1,317 
3,152 
1,360 
1,611 
825 
992 
1,053 
1,241 
1,010 
2,034 

597 
1,696 

932 
1,346 


1,874 
1,784 
2,019 
1,707 
2,069 


1,272 
3,524 
1,773 
2,171 
752 
1,248 
1,449 
1,485 
1,038 
1,742 

670 

1,775 

919 

1,347 


1.  Boundary  line  of  Holden  and  Paxton  established,  March  27,  1793. 

Part  of  Paxton  annexed  to  Holden,  March  19,  1S31.     See  Paxton  and  West  Boylston. 

2.  See  Princeton. 

3.  Boundary  line  of  Lancaster  and  Sterling  established,  March  7, 1837.  See  Berlin  and  Sterling. 

4.  Part  of  No  Town  annexed  to  Leominster,  April  13,  1838. 

5.  See  Leominster,  Princeton  and  Westminster. 

6.  Boundary  line  of  Lunenburg  and  Shirley  established,  March  3,  1846. 

7.  See  Blackstone. 

8.  Part  of  Sutton  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Millbury,  June  11,  1813. 

9.  See  Brookfield  and  Harchcick. 

10.  Part  of  Marlborough  annexed  to  Northborough,  June  20,  1807.     See  Berlin. 

11.  Part  of  Sutton  annexed  to  Northbridge,  February  17, 1801  and  March  16, 1844.    See  Sutton. 

12.  Part  of  Brookfield  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  Febniary  2S,  1812. 

13.  Part  of  Sutton  annexed  to  Oxford,  Febraary  18,  1793,  Oxford  South  Gore,  February  6,  1807, 

and  Oxford  North  Gore,  March  22,  1838.     See  Webster. 

14.  Part  of  Holden  annexed  to  Paxton,  February  13,  1^01  and  April  9,  1838. 

See  Holden  and  Rutland. 

15.  See  Da7ia. 

16.  Name  of  Gerry  changed  to  that  of  Phihipston,  February  5,  1814. 

Boundary  line  of  Phillipston  and  Royalston  altered,  March  29,  18-37.     See  Rot/alston. 

17.  Part  of  Hubbardston  annexed  to  Princeton,  February  16,  1810,  and  part  of  No  Town,  April 

4,  1838. 


22 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


WORC ESTER  COUNTY—  Continued. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

Iiicor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Royalston,  (1)     - 
Rutland,  (2) 
Shrewsbury,  (3) 
Southborough,  (4) 

ITfio 

1,130 

1,130 

1,243 

1,415 

1,424 

1,493 

1,667 

1714 

1.090 

1,072 

1,202 

1,231 

1,262 

1,276 

1,260 

1727 

1,401 

963 

1,048 

1,210 

1,458 

1,386 

1,481 

1727 

731 

837 

871 

926 

1,030 

1,080 

1,145 

SouthbriJge,  (5) 

1816 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,066 

1,444 

2,031 

Spencer, 

1753 

664 

1,322 

1,432 

1,453 

1,548 

1,618 

1,604 

Sterling,  (G) 

1781 

- 

1,428 

1,614 

1,472 

1,710 

1,794 

1,647 

Sturbridge,  (7)    -  ) 

1738 

896 

1,704 

1,846 

1,927 

1,633 

1,688 

2,005 

Gore,           -        -  \ 

- 

- 

64 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Sutton,  (8) 

1715 

2,138 

2,642 

2,513 

2,660 

2,056 

2,186 

2,370 

Templeton, 

1762 

348 

950 

1,068 

1,205 

1.331 

1,552 

1,776 

Upton,  (9) 

1735 

614 

833 

854 

995 

1,088 

1,167 

1,466 

Uxbridge,  - 

1727 

1,213 

1,308 

1,404 

1,404 

1,551 

2,086 

2.004 

Warren,  (10)      - 

1742 

583 

899 

979 

1,014 

1,112 

1,189 

1,290 

Webster,  (11)     - 

1S32 

- 

- 

- 

. 

- 

- 

1,403 

Westborough,  (12) 

1717 

1,110 

934 

922 

1,048 

1,326 

1,438 

1,658 

WestBoylston,(13) 

1808 

. 

- 

- 

632 

886 

1,055 

1,187 

Westminster,  (14) 

1759 

468 

1,176 

1,369 

1,419 

1,634 

1,696 

1,645 

Winchendon,  (15) 

1764 

946 

946 

1,092 

1,173 

1,263 

1,463 

1,754 

WoRCESTERj   (16) 

1684 

1,478 

2,095 

2,411 

2,577 

2,962 

4,173 

7,497 

Total,      - 

- 

34,167 

56,807 

61,192 

64,910 

73,625 

84,355 

95,313 

1.  Part  of  Athol  and  Gerry  annexed  to  Royalston,  February  26, 1799,  and  part  of  Athol,  IMarch 

7,  1803.     See  Pkiliipsto7i. 

2.  Boundnry  line  of  Rutland  and  Paxton  established,  February  20,  1829. 

3.  See  Grafton. 

4.  Boundary  line  of  Southborough  and  Westboro' established,  Mar.  5,  1835.   SeeMarlboroiigh. 

5.  Part  of  Sturbridge,  Charlton  and  Dudley  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  South- 

bridge,  February  15,  1SI6. 
Part  of  Dudley  annexed  to  Soutbbridge,  Feb.  23,  1822,  and  part  of  Sturbridge,  Apr.  6,  1839. 

6.  Part  of  Lancaster  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Sterling,  March  12,  1793. 

See  Lancaster  and  West  Boylston. 

7.  Part  of  Charlton  annexed  to  Sturbridge,  June  27,  1792.    See  Dudley  and  Southbridge. 

8.  Part  of  Norlhbridge  annexed  to  Sutton,  June  15,  1831.     Boundary  line  of  Sutton  and  North- 

bridge  altered,  Blareh  7,  1837.     See  Grafton,  Millburij,  Northbridge  and  Oxford. 

9.  Part  of  Hopkinton  annexed  to  Upton,  March  8,  1808. 

10.  Name  of  Western  changed  to  Warren,  March  13,  1S34.     See  Palmer  and  Ware. 

1 1.  Part  of  Oxford  and  Dudley  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Webster,  March  6, 1832. 

Boundary  line  of  Webster  and  Douglas  established,  February  27,  1841. 

12.  See  Bolton  and  Southborough. 

13.  Part  of  Boylston,  Holden  and  Sterling  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  West  Boyl- 

ston, January  30,  1808. 
Part  of  Boylston  anne.ved  to  W.  Boylston,  Feb.  10,  1820  and  June  17,  1820.    See  Bolton. 

14.  Part  of  Fitchbiirg  annexed  to  Westminster,  February  12,  179G  and  February  16,  1813, 

Part  of  No  Town  annexed  to  Westminster,  April  10,  1838.    See  Ashburnhum. 

15.  See  Gardner. 

J(>.  Gialtun  Gore  annexed  to  Worcpster,  March  22,  IPS.'?. 


COUNTIES   AND    TOWNS. 


23 


HAMPSHIRE  COUNTY. 


TOWNS. 


Incor 


Amherst,  (1) 
Belchertovvn,  (2) 
Chesterfield,  (3) 
Cummington,  (4) 
Easthampton,  (5) 
Enfield,  (6) 
Goshen,  (7) 
Granby,  (8) 
Greenwicn,  (9)  - 
Hadley,  (10) 
Hatfield,  (11)      - 
Middlefield, 
Northampton,    - 
Norwich,  (12)     - 
Pelham,  (13)       - 
Plainfield,  (11)  - 
Prescott,  (15)      - 
South  Hadley,  (16) 


1759 
1761 
1762 
1779 
1785 
1816 
1781 
1768 
1754 
1661 
1670 
1783 
1654 
1773 
1743 
1785 
1822 
1753 


Cansus. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

645 

1,233 

1,358 

1,469 

418 

1,485 

1,878 

2,270 

161 

1,183 

1,323 

1,408 

- 

873 

985 

1,009 

- 

457 

586 

660 

. 

681 

724 

652 

- 

596 

786 

850 

434 

1,045 

1,460 

1,225 

573 

882 

1,073 

1,247 

803 

703 

809 

805 

. 

608 

877 

822 

1,285 

1,628 

2,190 

2,631 

. 

742 

959 

968 

371 

1,040 

1,144 

1,185 

- 

458 

797 

977 

817 

759 

801 

902 

Census. 
1820 


1,917 

2,426 

1,447 

1,060 

712 

873 

632 

1,066 

778 

1,461 

823 

755; 

2,854! 

849 

1,278' 

936 

1,047, 


Census. 
1830 


2,631 

2,491 

1,416 

1,261 

745 

1,056 

617 

1,064 

813 

1,686 

893 

720 

3,613 

795 

904 

984 

758 

1,185 


Census. 
1840 


2,550 

2,554 

1,132 

1,237 

717 

976 

556 

971 

824 

1,814 

933 

1,717 

3,750 

750 

956 

910 

780 

1,458 


1.  Part  of  Hadley  annexed  to  Amherst,  February  28,  1811,  February  18,  1812,  and  February 

17,  1814.     See  Hadley. 

2.  See  Enfield. 

3.  Part  of  Norwich  annexed  to  Chesterfield,  February  22,  1794. 

B  )undary  line  of  Chesterfield  and  Goshen  established,  February  7,  1797,  and  of  Chester- 
field, Goshen  and  Williamsburg,  February  16,  1810.     See  Williamsburg. 

4.  See  Plainfield. 

5.  District  of  Easthampton  incorporated  as  a  town,  June  16,  1809. 

Boundary  line  of  Easthampton  and  Southampton  established,  February  1,  1S2S. 
Part  of  Southampton  annexed  to  Easthampton,  March  13,  1841.     See  Southampton. 

6.  Part  of  Greenwich  and  Belchertown  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Enfield,  Febru- 

ary 1-5,  1S16. 
Boundary  line  of  Enfield  and  Greenwich  altered,  June  12,  1818. 

7.  See  Chesterfield. 

8.  Part  of  South  Hadley  annexed  to  Granby,  March  6,  1792. 

Boundary  line  of  Granby  and  South  Hadley  altered,  June  12,  1824,  June  20,  1826,  and 
June  16,  1827. 

9.  See  Dana,  Enfield  and  Petersham. 

10.  Boundary  line  of  Hadley  and  Amherst  altered,  Blarch  1,  1815.    See  Amherst. 

11.  Boundary  line  of  Hatfield  and  Williamsburg  astablished,  Mar.  14,  1845  and  Mar.  19,  1846. 

12.  See  Chesterfield  and  Montgomery. 

13.  See  Prescott. 

14.  Part  of  Cummington  annexed  to  Plainfield,  Feb.  4, 1794,  and  part  of  Hawley,  June  21,  1803. 

District  of  Plainfield  incorporated  as  a  town,  June  15,  1807. 

15.  Prescott  set  off  from  the  East  Parish  of  Pelham  and  from  the  south  part  of  New  Salem,  and 

incorporated  as  a  town,  June  22,  1822. 

16.  See  Granby. 


24 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


HAMPSHIRE  COUNTY— Conti7iued. 


TOWNS.              Incor. 

Census. 
17(33 

Census. 
1790 

Census. 
1800 

Census. 
1810 

Census. 
1820 

Census. 
1830 

Census. 
1840 

Southampton,  (1) 
Ware,  (2)  - 
Westhampton,     - 
Williamsburg,  (3) 
AVorthington,  (4) 

1753 
17(il 
1778 
1771 
1768 

437 

485 

829 

773 

683 

1,049 

1,116 

983 

997 

756 

1,176 

1,223 

1,171 

996 

793 

1,122 

1,391 

1,160 
1,154 
896 
1,087 
1,276 

1,244 
2,045 
918 
1,236 
1,179 

1,157 
1,890 
759 
1,309 
1,197 

Total,      - 

- 

6,429 

18,823 

22,885 

24,553 

26,487 

30,254 

30,897 

HAMPDEN  COUNTY. 


Blandford,  (5)    - 

1741 

406 

1,416 

1,778 

1,613 

1.515 

1 
1,590     1,427 

Brimfield.  - 

1731 

773 

1,211 

1,384 

1,325 

1,612 

1,599,    1,419 

Chester,  (6) 

17G5 

1,119 

1,119 

1,542 

1,534 

1,526 

1,407'    1,632 

Granville,  (7) 

1754 

682 

1,979 

2,309 

1,504 

1,643 

1,649     1,414 

Holland,  (S) 
Longmeaaovv, 

1783 

. 

428 

445 

420 

453 

453       423 

1783 

. 

744 

973 

1,036 

1,171 

1,257'    1,270 

Ludlow,  (9) 

1774 

- 

560 

650 

730 

1.246 

1,327     1,268 

Monson,  (10)      - 

1760 

389 

1,331 

1,635 

1,674 

2,126 

2,263     2,151 

Montgomery,  (11) 

1780 

. 

449 

■     560 

595 

604 

579        740 

Palmer,  (12) 

1752 

508 

809 

1,039 

1,114 

1,197 

1,237:    2,139 

Russell,  (13)       - 

1792 

. 

. 

431 

422 

491 

507,      955 

South  wick,  (14)  - 

1770 

- 

841 

867 

1,229 

1,255 

1,3551    1,214 

Springfield,  (15) 

1646 

2,755 

1,574 

2,312 

2,767 

3,914 

6,784  10,985 

Part  of  Easthampton  annexed  to  Southampton,  March  13,  1S41. 

See  Easthampton  and  Montgomiry. 
Part  of  Brookfield  and  Western  annexed  to  Ware,  February  8,  1S23. 
Boundary  line  of  Williamsburj,'  and  Chesterfield  established,  June  24,  1795. 

See  Chesterfield  and  Hal  field. 
Part  of  Chester  annexed  to  Worthington,  June  21,  1799. 
Boundary  line  of  Blandford  and  Chester  established,  February  22,  1809  and  June  13,  1810, 

and  of  Blandford  and  Russell,  February  22,  1809. 
See  Blandford  and  Worthington. 
See  Tolland. 
East  Parish  of  South  Brimfield  incorporated  as  the  District  of  Holland,  July  5,  1783,  and  as 

the  town  of  Holland,  May  I,  1S3C. 
See  S]iri>igfield. 

Boundary  line  of  Monson  and  Palmer  established,  Febniary  8,  1828. 

Part  of  Norwich  and  Southampton  annexed  to  Montgomery,  March  6,  1792.    See  Russell. 
Part  of  Western  annexed  to  Palmer,  February  7,  1831.     See  Mojison. 
Part  of  AVesifield  and  Montgomery  set  oflT,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Russell,  Februa- 
ry 25,  1792.    See  Blandford. 
See  Westfield. 
Boundafy  line  of  Springfield  and  Lmllow  established,  June  5,  1830. 


COUNTIES    AND   TOWNS. 


^ 


HAMPDEN  C0\5^TY— Continued. 


TOWNS. 

[ncor. 

Census. 
1765 

Census. 
1790 

Census. 
1800 

Census 
1810 

Census. 
1820 

Census. 
1830 

Census. 
1840 

Tolland,  (1) 
Wales,  (2)          -  ) 
South  Brimfitli,  -  ) 
Westfield,  (3)     - 
W.  Springfield,  (4) 
Wilbraham,  (5)  - 

1810 
1762 

1669 
1774 
1763 

574 
1,324 

491 

606 
2,204 
2,367 
1,555 

774 
2,185 
2,835 
1,743 

798 

645 
2,130 
3,109 
1,776 

692 

683 
2,668 
3,246 
1,979 

723 
665 

2,940 
3,270 
2,034 

627 
686 

3,526 
3,626 
1,864 

Total,      - 

- 

9,021 

19,193 

23,462 

24,421 

28,021 

31,639 

37,366 

FRANKLIN  COUNTY. 


Ashfield,     - 
Bernardston,  (6) 
Buckland,  (7)     - 
Charlemont,  (8)- 
Zoar,  (9)    - 
Coleraine,  - 
Conway,  (10)      - 
Deerfield,  (11)    - 
Erving,  (12) 
Gill,  (13)    - 
Greenfield,  (14) 
Hawley,  (15)      - 
Plantation  No.  7, 


1765 

1,459 

1,741 

1,809 

1,748 

1,732 

1762 

230 

691 

780 

811 

912 

918 

1779 

. 

718 

1,041 

1,097 

1,037 

1,039 

1765 

. 

665 

875 

987 

1,081 

1,065 

- 

- 

78 

215 

120 

150 

129 

1761 

297 

1,417 

2.014 

2,016 

1,961 

1,877 

1767 

- 

2,092 

2,013 

1,784 

1,705 

1,563 

1673 

737 

1,330 

1,531 

1,570 

1,868 

2,003 

1838 

. 

. 

. 

160 

331 

488 

1793 

. 

. 

700 

762 

800 

864 

1753 

368 

1,498 

1,254 

1,165 

1,361 

1,540 

1792 

. 

878 

1,031 

1,089 

1,037 

- 

- 

539 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,610 

992 

1,084 

1,127 

1,971 

1,409 

1,912 

309 

798 

1,756 

977 


1.  Tolland  set  off' from  Granville  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  June  14,  1810. 

2.  South  Brimfield  incorporated  as  a  district,  Sept.  18,  1762,  and  as  the  town  of  Wales,  Februa- 

ry 20,  1828.     See  Holland. 

3.  Boundary  line  of  Westfield  and  Southwick  altered,  March  20,  1837. 

See  Russell  and  W.  Springjield. 

4.  Part  of  Westfield  annexed  to  West  Springfield,  March  3,  1802. 

5.  A  tract  of  land  called  the  Elbows  annexed  to  Wilbraham,  June  11,  1799. 

6.  Part  of  Deerfield  annexed  to  Bemardston,  April  14,  1838. 

7.  Part  of  Conway  annexed  to  Buckland,  April  14,  1838. 

8.  See  Rotce  and  Shelbume. 

9.  See  Rowe. 

10.  Part  of  Deerfield  annexed  to  Conway,  June  17,  1791. 

Boundary  line  of  Conway,  Deerfield  and  Whately  defined,  June  21, 181 1 .    See  Buckland. 

11.  See  Bernardslon,  Comcay  B.nd  Whately. 

12.  Erving's  Grant  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Erving,  Apr.  17, 1838.  See  iV.  SalemeLuA  Orange. 

13.  Part  of  Greenfield  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Gill,  September  28,  1793,  part  of 

Northfield,  Febraary  28,  1795,  and  Great  Island  in  Connecticut  river,  March  14,  1805. 

14.  See  Gill. 

15.  Plantation  No.  7  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Hawley,  February  7,  1792.    See  Plaivjieki. 


20 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


FRANKLIN  COUNTY— Conlinued. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

Incor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Heath, 

1785 

. 

379 

604 

917 

1,122 

1,199 

895 

Leverctt,    - 

1774 

- 

524 

711 

769 

857 

939 

875 

Levden,  (1) 

1784 

- 

989 

1,095 

1,009 

974 

796 

632 

Monroe,  (2) 

1822 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

265 

282 

Blontague,  (3)     - 

1753 

392 

906 

1,222 

934 

1,074 

1,152 

1,255 

New  Salem,  (4)  - 

1753 

375 

1,543 

1.949 

2,107 

2,146 

1,889 

1,305 

Northfield,  (5)    - 

1714 

415 

868 

1,047 

1,218 

1,584 

1,757 

1,673 

Orange,  ((i) 

1783 

. 

784 

766 

764 

829 

880 

1,501 

Rowe,  (7)  - 

1785 

. 

443 

575 

839 

851 

716 

703 

Shelburne.  (S)     - 

1768 

. 

1,183 

1,079 

961 

1,022 

995 

1,022 

Shutesbury,  (9)  - 

1761 

330 

674 

930 

939 

1,029 

986 

987 

Sunderland, 

1714 

- 

462 

537 

551 

597 

666 

719 

Warwick,  - 

1763 

191 

1,246 

1,233 

1,227 

1,256 

1,150 

1,071 

Wendell,  (10)     - 
Whately,(ll)     - 

1781 

. 

519 

737 

983 

958 

874 

875 

1771 

- 

736 

773 

891 

1,076 

1,111 

1,072 

Total,      - 

- 

3,335 

21,743 

26,300 

27,421 

29,418|  29,630i  28,812 

BERKSHIRE  COUNTY. 


Adams,  (12) 
Gore, 

Altbrd,  (13) 
Becket,  (14) 


1778 

2,040 

1,688 

1,763 

1,836 

2,649 

. 

. 

425 

. 

. 

. 

1773 

. 

577 

518 

522 

570 

512 

1765 

751 

751 

930 

1,028 

984 

1,063 

3,703 

481 
1,342 


1.  District  of  Leyden  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Leyden,  February  22,  1S09. 

2.  The  gore  north  of  Florida,  and  bounded  west  by  Clarksburg  and  north  by  the  Vermont  line, 

with  a  part  of  Rowe,  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Monroe,  Feb.  21,  1S22. 

3.  See  Wendell. 

4.  Part  of  Shute.sbury  annexed  to  New  Salem,  February  20,  1824.    See  Pnscott  and  Oratige. 

5.  See  Oill. 

C.  District  of  Orange  incorporated  as  a  town,  February  24,  1810. 

Part  of  F.rving's  Grant  and  of  New  Salem  annexed  to  Orange,  March  16,  1837. 
Boundary  line  of  Orange  and  Erving  established,  February  27,  1841.     See  Atlwl. 
7.  Part  of  Zoar,  in  Berkshire  County,  annexed  to  Rowe,  and  part  to  Charleniont,  April  2, 
1838.    See  Munrof. 
Gore  of  land  annexed  to  Shelburne  and  Charleniont,  March  19,  1793. 
See  iVcir  Salem. 


8. 

9. 

10,  Part  of  Montague,  and  a  gore  of  land,  annexed  to  Wendell,  February  28,  1803. 
]  1.  Part  of  Deerfield  annexed  lo  Whately,  March  5,  1810.     See  Conirdi/. 

12.  See  CliiaJiire. 

13.  Part  of  Great  Barrington  annexed  to  Alford,  Febi-uary  IS,  1819.    See  Egre-wonl. 
H.  Several  grants  of  land  annexed  to  Becket,  February  3,  1798. 

Purl  iif  I/)iidon  annexed  to  Becket,  March  1,  1810. 


COUNTIES   AND    TOWNS. 


27 


BERKSHIRE  COUNTY— Con^inwerf. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

Incor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Boston  Corner,  (1) 

1838 

. 

67 

. 

92 

64 

65 

Cheshire,  (2) 

1793 

. 

. 

1,325 

1,315 

1,202 

1,050 

985 

Clarksburg,  (3)  - 

1798 

- 

- 

253 

231 

274 

315 

370 

Dalton,  (4) 

1784 

. 

554 

859 

779 

817 

827 

1,255 

Egremont,  (5)     - 

1760 

759 

759 

835 

790 

865 

890 

1,038 

Florida,  (6) 

1805 

. 

- 

. 

392 

431 

454 

441 

Gt.  Barrington,  (7) 

1761 

550 

1,373 

1,754 

1,784 

1,908 

2,264 

2,704 

Hancock,  (8)      - 

1776 

- 

1,211 

1,187 

1,049 

1,165 

1,052 

922 

Hinsdale,  (9) 

1804 

. 

. 

- 

822 

822 

780 

955 

Lanesborough,  (10) 

1765 

2,142 

2,142 

1,443 

1,303 

1,319 

1,192 

1,140 

Lee,  (11)    - 

1777 

- 

1,170 

1,267 

1,305 

1.384 

1,825 

2,428 

Lenox, (12) 

1767 

- 

1,169 

1,041 

1,310 

1,315 

1,359 

1,313 

Mt.Washing'n,  (13)  1779 

. 

261 

291 

474 

467 

345 

438 

New  Ashford,  (14)  |1781 

. 

460 

390 

411 

358 

285 

227 

NewMarlboro',(15)  1759 

1,550 

1,550 

1,848 

1,832 

1,668 

1,656 

1,682 

Otis,  (16)    -        -  )  11773 

- 

- 

- 

1,111 

981 

1,012 

1,177 

Bethlehem,  (17)  -  ' 

. 

261 

488 

. 

. 

- 

- 

Loudon,  (18)        -  ) 

- 

344 

614 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1.  District  of  Boston  Comer  incorporated,  April  14,  1838. 

2.  Cheshire  set  offfroniLanesboro',  Windsor,  Adams  and  New  Ashford,  and  incor.  Mar.  14,  179.3. 

Part  of  New  Ashford  annexed  to  Cheshire,  February  6,  1793.     See  Windsor, 

3.  Gore  of  land  lying  north  of  Adams,  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Clarksburg,  March  2,  1793, 

4.  Part  of  Windsor  annexed  to  Dalton,  February  28,  1795. 

6.  Boundary  line  of  Egremont  and  Alford  established,  February  6,  1790. 

Part  of  Sheffield  annexed  to  Egremont,  February  22,  1790  and  Febniary  16,  1824,  and 
part  of  INIount  Washington,  June  17,  1817.     See  Mount  Washington. 

6.  Florida  setofffromBernardston's  Grant  and  Bullock's  Grant,  and  inc.  as  a  town,  June  15, 1805. 

7.  See  Alford. 

8.  See  New  Ashford. 

9.  Westerly  Parish  in  the  town  of  Partridgefield  incorp.  as  the  towi  of  Hinsdale,  June  21,  1804. 

10.  See  Cheshire. 

11.  Boundary  line  of  Lee  defined,  Blarch  7,  1S06.     See  Lenox. 

12.  Part  of  Washington  annexed  to  Lenox,  January  31,  1795  and  February  IS,  1802. 

Boundary  line  of  Lenox  and  Lee  established,  February  7,  1820. 

13.  Part  of  Egremont  annexed  to  Mount  Washington,  June  17,  1817.    See  Egreniont. 

14.  New  Ashford  incorporated  as  a  district,  February  26,  1781,  and  made  a  town,  Blay  1,  1836. 

Part  of  Hancock  annexed  to  New  Ashford,  June  26,  1798.     See  Clwshire. 

15.  Part  of  Sheffield  aimexed  to  New  Marlborough,  June  10, 1795  and  February  7, 1798,  and  part 

of  Tyringham,  February  27,  1811.     See  Tyrivgliam. 

16.  Town  of  Loudon  and  the  District  of  Bethlehem  united  as  the  towii  of  Loudon,  June  19, 

1809,  and  the  name  changed  to  Otis,  June  13,  1810. 
Part  of  "  East  11,000  acres"  of  unincorporated  land  annexed  to  Otis,  and  part  to  Sandis- 
field,  April  9,  1838.     See  Bethlehem. 

17.  "  Nonh  11,000  acres"  incoi-porated  as  the  District  of  Betldehem,  June  24,  1789.    See  Otis, 

18.  See  Becket  and  Otis. 


28 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


BERKSHIRE  COVNTY—Conllnued. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

Incor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Pern, (1)     -         -  ) 

1771 

. 

. 

. 

912 

748 

729 

576 

Partrid^efield,  (2)  j 

- 

- 

1,041 

1,361 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Pittsfield,    - 

1761 

428 

1,992 

2,261 

2,665 

2,768 

3.559 

3,747 

Richmond,  (3)    - 

1765 

1,255 

1,255 

1,044 

1,041 

923 

844 

1,097 

Sandisfield,  (4)  - 

1762 

409 

1,581 

1,6.37 

1,648 

1,646 

1,655 

1,464 

Southn,Qm  acres, 

- 

- 

161 

- 

- 

- 

. 

- 

Sovth field,  (5)      - 

- 

- 

- 

220 

147 

- 

- 

- 

Savoy, (6)  - 

1797 

- 

- 

430 

711 

852 

927 

915 

Sheffield,  (7)       - 

1733 

1,073 

1,899 

2,050 

2,439 

2,476 

2,382 

2,322 

Stock-bridge,  (8)  - 

1739 

244 

1,336 

1,261 

1,372 

1,377 

1,580 

1,992 

Tyringham,  (9)  - 

1762 

325 

1,397 

1,712 

1,689 

1,443 

1,350 

1,477 

Washington,  (10) 

1777 

. 

588 

914 

942 

750 

701 

991 

W.Stockb'dge,  (11) 

1774 

- 

1,113 

1,002 

1,049 

1,034 

1,209 

1,448 

Windsor,  (12)     - 

1771 

- 

916 

961 

1,108 

1,085 

1,042 

897 

Williamst'n,  (13) 

1765 

1,820 

1,769 

2,086 

1,843 

2,010 

2,134 

2,153 

Gore, 

51 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total,      - 

11,306  30,213 

33,670 

35,787 

35,570  37,706!  41,745 

NORFOLK  COUNTY. 


Bellingham,  (14) 
Braintree,  (15)   - 


1719 
1640 


468 
2,433 


735 

2,771 


704 
1,285 


766 
1,351 


1,034 
1,4661 


1,102     1,055 
1,758    2,168 


1.  The  name  of  Parlridffefield  changed  to  that  of  Peru,  June  19,  1S06. 

2.  Partridgefield  incorporated  in  1771.     See  Hinsdale  and  Peru. 

3.  Boundary  line  of  Richmond  and  West  Stockbridge  established,  March  24,  1S34. 

4.  District  of  Southlield  united  with  Sandisfield,  February  8,  1819.     See  Otis  and  Southjkld. 

5.  "  South  11,000  acres"  incorporated  as  the  District  of  Southfield,  June  19,  1797. 

See  Sandisfield. 

6.  Savoy  incorporated  as  a  town,  February  20, 1797. 

7.  See  Egremont  and  Neic  Marlborough. 

8.  Boundary  line  of  Stockbridge  and  West  Stockbridge  altered,  February  6,  18.30. 

9.  Part  of  New  Marlborough  annexed  to  Tyringham,  Feb.  11,  1812.    See  Neto  Marlborough. 

10.  See  Egremont. 

11.  Gore  of  land  annexed  to  West  Stockbridge,  March  2,  1793. 

Part  of  Stockbridge  annexed  to  West  Stockbridge,  February  12,  1824. 
See  Richmond  and  Stoclcbridge. 

12.  Pan  of  Cheshire  annexed  to  Windsor,  February  26,  1794.     See  Cheshire  and  Dalton. 

13.  A  tract  of  unincorporated  land,  bounded  west  by  the  state  of  New  York,  annexed  to  Wil- 

liam.stown,  April  9,  1S3.S. 

14.  Boundary  line  of  Bellingham,  Franklin  and  Medway  established,  February  23,  1832. 
\Tt.  See  ftwincy  and  Randolph. 


COUNTIES    AND    TOWNS. 


29 


NORFOLK  COUNTY— Co7iii7iiwd. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

lacor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Brookline,  (1)     - 

1686 

338 

481 

605 

784 

900 

1,043 

1,365 

Canton,  (2) 

1797 

- 

- 

1,110 

1,.353 

1,268 

1,515 

1.995 

Cohasset,  (3) 

1770 

- 

817 

849 

994 

1,099 

1,233 

1,471 

Dedham,  (4) 

1636 

1,909 

1,659 

1,973 

2,172 

2,493 

3,117 

3,290 

Dorchester,  (5)   - 

1630 

1,360 

1,722 

2,347 

2,930 

3,684 

4,074 

4,875 

Dover,  (6)  - 

1784 

- 

485 

511 

548 

548 

497 

520 

Foxborough,  (7) 

1778 

- 

674 

779 

870 

1,004 

1,165 

1,298 

Franklin,  (8)      - 

1778 

- 

1,101 

1,285 

1,398 

1,630 

1,662 

1,717 

Medfield,    - 

1651 

628 

731 

745 

786 

892 

817 

883 

Medway,  (9) 

1713 

785 

1,035 

1,050 

1,213 

1,523 

1,756 

2,043 

Milton, 

1662 

943 

1,039 

1,143 

1,264 

1,502 

1,576 

1,822 

Needham,  (10)   - 

1711 

945 

1,130 

1,072 

1,097 

1,227 

1,418 

1,488 

Quincy,  (11) 

1792 

- 

- 

1,081 

1,281 

1,623 

2,201 

3,486 

Randolph,  (12)   - 

1793 

- 

- 

1,021 

1,170 

1,546 

2,200 

3,213 

Koxbury,acity,(13) 

1630 

1,487 

2,226 

2,765 

3,669 

4,135 

5,247 

9,089 

Sharon, (14) 

1765 

- 

1,034 

1,018 

1,000 

1,010 

1,023 

1,076 

1.  Part  of  Roxbury  annexed  to  Brookline,  February  24, 1844.    See  Boston. 

2.  Part  of  Stoughton  set  off,  and  incorporated  as  the  town  of  Canton,  February  23,  1797. 

3.  Part  of  Scituate  annexed  to  Cohasset,  June  14,  1S23. 

Boundary  line  of  Cohasset  and  Scituate  altered,  March  20,  1840. 

4.  Boundary  line  of  Dedham  and  Dover  defined,  March  7,  1791. 

See  Dorchester,  Dover  and  Walpolc. 

5.  Boundary  line  of  Dorchester  and  Quincy  altered,  and  a  part  of  each  annexed  to  each,  July 

10,  1814. 
Boundary  line  of  Dorchester  and  Quincy  established,  February  21,  1820. 
Part  of  Dedham  annexed  to  Dorchester,  June  17,  1831.     See  Quincy. 

6.  Dover  set  off  from  Dedham,  and  incorporated  as  a  district,  July  7, 1784,  and  as  a  town,  Mar. 

31,  1836. 

7.  Part  of  Stoughton  and  Sharon  annexed  to  Foxborough,  March  12,  1796,  and  part  of  Wrenth- 

am,  February  7,  1831.     See  Sharon,  Walpole  and  Wrentham. 

8.  Part  of  Medway  annexed  to  Franklin,  June  27,  1792. 

Boundary  line  of  Franklin  and  Medway  established,  November  13,  1792  and  February  23, 
1832.     See  Bellingham. 

9.  Boundary  line  of  Medway  and  Sherburne  established,  March  3,  1792. 

See  Bellinglutm,  Franklin  and  Holliston. 

10.  Boundary  line  of  Needham  and  Natick  altered,  June  22,  1797.     See  Nettton. 

11.  Quincy  set  off  from  Braintree,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  Febniary  23,  1792. 

Part  of  Dorchester  annexed  to  Quincy,  February  12,  1819.     See  Dorchester. 

12.  Randolph  set  off  from  Braintree,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  March  9,  1793.     Additional 

act,  June  22,  1811. 

13.  Part  of  Newton  annexed  to  Roxbury,  April  23,  1838. 

Town  of  Roxbury  made  a  city,  March  12,  1846.    See  Boston. 

14.  Part  of  Stoughton  annexed  to  Sharon,  February  12,  1792. 

Boundary  line  of  Sharon  and  Foxborough  established,  January  30,  1833. 
See  Fo.Tf)orough  and  Walpole. 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


NORFOLK  COUNTY— Con^tm^ed 


TOWNS. 

Incor 

Census.    Census. 
1765      1790 

Census. 
1800 

Census. 
1810 

Census. 
1820 

Census. 
1830 

Census. 
1840 

Stou^htnn,  (1)     - 
Walpole,  (2) 
Weymouth, 
Wrenlham,  (3)  - 

1726 
1724 
1635 
1673 

2,321 

785 

1,258 

2,022 

1,994 
1,005 
1,469 
1,767 

1,020 

989 

1,803 

2,061 

1,134     1,313 
1,098     1,366 
1,889    2,407 
2,478    2,801 

1,591 
1,442 
2,837 
2,698 

2,142 
1,491 
3,738 
2,915 

Total,      - 

- 

17,682:  23,878  27,216  31,245  36,471 

41,972 

53,140 

BRISTOL  COUNTY. 


Attleborough,  (4) 

1694 

1,739 

2,166 

2,480 

2,716 

3,055 

3,215 

3,585 

Berkley,  (5) 
Dartmouth,  (6)  - 

1735 

659 

850 

1,013 

1,014 

1,060 

907 

886 

1661 

4,506 

2,499 

•  2,660 

3,219 

3,636 

3,866 

4,135 

Dightoii,  (7) 

1712 

1,174 

1,793 

1,666 

1,659 

653 

1,723 

1,378 

Wellmi!;t07i, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

954 

- 

- 

Easton, 

1725 

837 

1,466 

1,550 

1,557 

1,803 

1,756 

2,074 

Fairhaven,  (8)    - 

1812 

- 

- 

. 

- 

2.733 

3,034 

3,951 

Fall  River,  (9)    - 

1803 

. 

- 

- 

1.296 

1,594 

4,158 

6,738 

Freetown,  (10)   - 

1683 

1,492 

2,202 

2,535 

1,878 

1,863 

1,909 

1,772 

Mansfield,  - 

1770 

- 

983 

1,016 

1,030 

1  222 

1,172 

1,382 

Neav  Bedford,  (11) 

1787 

- 

3.313 

4,361 

5,651 

3,947 

7.592 

12,087 

1.  See  Canton,  Foxborough  and  Sharon. 

2.  Part  of  Sharon  annexed  to  Walpole,  February  28,  1804  and  June  21,  1811,  part  of  Dedham, 

June  21,  1811,  and  part  of  Foxborough,  March  27,  1833  and  March  28,  1834. 

3.  Boundary  hne  of  Wrentham  and  Foxborough  established,  February  3,  1819. 

See  Attleborough. 

4.  Boundary  line  of  Attleborough  and  Wrentham  established,  Febniary  18,  1819. 

5.  Part  of  Dighton  annexed  to  Berkley,  February  26,  1799,  and  part  of  Taunton,  Febniary  6, 

1810  and  March  3,  1842. 

6.  Boundary  line  of  Dartmouth  and  Westport  altered,  February  20,  1828. 

Dividing  line  of  Dartmouth  and  New  Bedford  established,  February  19,  1831. 
See  New  Bedford  and  Westport. 

7.  AVellinglon  set  off  from  Dighton,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  June  9,  1814. 

Boundary  line  of  Dighton  and  Wellington  established,  Febniary  12,  1824. 
Wellington  and  Dighton  united  as  one  town,  Febniary  22,  1826  and  March  3,  1827. 
See  Berkley. 

8.  Fairhaven  set  off  from  New  Bedford,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  Febniary  22,  1812,  and 

part  of  Freetown  annexed,  June  15,  1815.     See  Rochester. 

9.  Fall  River  set  off  from  Freetown,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  Febniary  26,  1803. 

Name  of  Fall  River  changed  to  that  of  Troy,  June  18,  1801. 
Name  of  Troy  changed  m  that  of  Fall  River,  Febniary  12,  183-1. 

10.  Sec  Fairhiiveii  and  Fall  Hirer. 

11.  Pari  of  Dartmouth  annexed  to  New  Bedford,  March  20,  1845. 

See  Dartmouth  and  FaMiarev 


COUNTIES   AND   TOWNS. 


31 


BRISTOL  COUNTY— Co}itiimed. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

[ucor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Norton, 

1711 

1,942 

1,428 

1,481 

1,598 

1,600 

1,479 

1,545 

Pawtucket,  (1)    - 

1828 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,459 

2,184 

Raynham,  - 

1731 

687 

1,094 

1,181 

1,154 

1,071 

1,208 

1,329 

Rehoboth,  (2)     - 
Seekonk,  (3) 

1645 

3,690 

4,710 

4,743 

4,866 

2,740 

2,459 

2,169 

1812 

- 

- 

- 

. 

2,775 

2,133 

1,996 

Somerset,  (4) 

1790 

- 

1,151 

1,232 

1,199 

1,116 

1,023 

1,005 

Swanzey,  (5) 

1667 

1,840 

1,784 

1,741 

1,839 

1,933 

1,678 

1,484 

Taunton,  (6) 

1639 

2,735 

3,804 

3,860 

3,907 

4,520 

6,042 

7,645 

Westport,  (7)      - 

1787 

- 

2,466 

2,361 

2,585 

2,633 

2,779 

2,820 

Total,      - 

21,301 

31,709 

33,880 

37,168 

40,908 

49,592 

60,165 

PLYMOUTH  COUNTY. 


Abington,  - 
Brklgewater,  (8) 
Carver,  (9) 
Duxbury,  (10) 
E.Bridgewa'r,  (11)1823 
Halifax,  (12) 
Hanson,  (13) 
Hanover,    - 
Hingham,  - 


1712 

1,263     1,453 

1656 

3,942    4.975 

1790 

847 

1637 

1,050     1,454 

1823 

- 

1734 

556       664 

1820 

. 

1627 

1,084     1.084 

1635 

2,467     2,085 

1,623 

5,200 

863 

1,664 

642 

958' 
2,112' 


1,704 

1,920 

2,423 

5,157 

1,700 

1.855 

858 

839 

970 

2,201 

2,403 

2,716 

. 

1,435 

1,653 

703 

749 

708 

- 

917 

1,030 

1,171 

1,211 

1,303 

2,382 

2,857 

3.387 

3,214 
2,131 

995 
2,798 
1,950 

734 
1,040 
1,488 
3,564 


Ij  Pawtucket  set  off  from  Seekonk,  and  iDcorporated  as  a  town,  March  1,  1828. 

2.  See  Seekonk. 

3.  Seekonk  set  off  from  Rehoboth,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  February  26,  IS12. 

See  Pawtucket. 

4.  Somerset  set  ofTfrom  the  part  of  Swanzey  called  Shewamet,  and  incorporated  as  a  town, 

February  20,  1790. 

5.  See  Somerset. 

6.  See  Berkley. 

7.  Part  of  Dartmouth  annexed  to  Westport,  February  25,  179-3,  February  38,  1795  and  March 

4,  1805.    See  Dartmouth. 

8.  Boundary  line  of  Bridgewater  and  East  Bridgewaler  established,  February  23,  1838  and 

March  20,  1846.     See  E.  Bridgeirater,  Halifax,  N.  Bridgejcater  and  W.  Bridgeicater. 

9.  Carver  set  off  from  Plympton,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  June  9,  1790.    See  Plympton. 

10.  Boundary  line  of  Duxbury  and  Marshfield  established,  June  14,  1813. 

11.  East  Bridge  water  set  off  from  Bridgewaier,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  June  14,  1823. 

See  Bridgeirater. 

12.  Part  of  Bridgewater  annexed  to  Halifax,  February  20,  1824,  and  part  of  Plympton,  March 

16,  1831. 

13.  Hanson  set  off  from  Pembroke,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  Febniary  22,  1820. 


32 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY— Continued. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

Incor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Hull,           -         -  ) 

1614 

170 

120 

117 

132 

172 

198 

231 

Pedrick's  Island,  -  j 

- 

. 

- 

- 

7 

- 

- 

- 

Kingston,    - 

1726 

759 

1,004 

1.037 

1,137 

1,313 

1.321 

1,440 

Marshfield,  (1)   - 

1641 

1,147 

1,269 

1,256 

1,364 

1,532 

1,565 

1,761 

Middleborough,  - 

1669 

3,412 

4,526 

4,458 

4,400 

4,687 

5,008 

5,085 

N  Bridge  water,  (2) 

1821 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,480 

1,953 

2,616 

Pembroke,  (3)     - 

1712 

1,409 

1,954 

1,943 

2,051 

1,297 

1,325 

1,258 

Plymouth,  (4)    - 

1620 

2,177 

2,995 

3,524 

4,228 

4,348 

4,758 

5,281 

Plj'mpton,  (5)     - 

1707 

1,390 

956 

861 

900 

930 

920 

834 

Rochester,  (6)     - 
Scituate,  (7) 

1686 

1,939 

2,644 

2,546 

2,954 

3,034 

3,556 

3,864 

1636 

2,488 

2,856 

2,728 

2,969 

3,305 

3,468 

3,886 

Wareham,  (8)     - 

1739 

503 

854 

770 

851 

952 

1,885 

2,002 

W.Bridgevvater,(9) 

1822 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,055 

1,042 

1,201 

Total,      - 

- 

25,756 

31,740 

32,302 

35,169 

38,136 

43,044 

47,373 

BARNSTABLE  COUNTY. 


Barnstable, 
Brewster,  (10)     - 
Chatham,    - 
Dennis,  (11) 
Eastham,  (12)    - 
Falmouth,  (13)  - 
Harwich,  (14)    - 


1639 

2,108 

2,610 

2,964 

3,446 

3,824 

3,974 

1803 

. 

. 

. 

1,112 

1,285 

1,418 

1712 

678 

1,140 

1,351 

1,334 

1,630 

2,130 

1793 

- 

- 

1,408 

1,739 

1,997 

2,317 

1646 

1,327 

1,834 

659 

751 

766 

970 

1686 

1,063 

1,637 

1,882 

2,237 

2,370 

2,548 

1694 

1,681 

2,392 

2,857 

1,942 

1,980 

2,453 

4,301 
1,522 
2,334 
2,942 
955 
2.589 
2,930 


1.  See  Duxbury. 

2.  North  Bridgewater  set  offfrom  Briilsewater,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  June  15,  1821. 

Boundary  line  of  Norili  Bridgewaier  and  West  Bridgewater  established,  January  22, 1825. 

3.  See  Hajison. 

4.  See  Wareham. 

5.  Boundary  line  of  Plymplon  and  Carver  established,  Feb.  8,  1793.    See  Career  and  Plymplon. 

6.  Boundary  line  of  Rochester  and  Fairhaven  established,  April  9,  1836. 

7.  See  Cukassel. 

8.  Part  of  Plymouth  anne.xed  to  Wareham,  January  20,  1827. 

9.  West  Bridgewater  set  olTfroni  Bridgewater,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  Febniary  10,  1822. 

See  North  Bridgetrater. 

10.  Brewster  set  offfrom  Harwich,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  February  19,  1803. 

Pan  of  Harwich  anne.xed  to  Brewster,  June  21,  ISll. 

11.  Dennis  set  offfrom  Yarmouth,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  June  19,  1793. 

12.  See  Orleans. 

13.  Part  of  Marshpee  annexed  to  Falmouth,  March  17,  1.941.    See  Marshpee. 

14.  See  Bretvsler. 


COUNTIKS    AND    TOWNS. 


33 


BARNSTABLE  COUNTY— Cow/mwec/. 


TOWNS. 

Incor. 

Census. 
1765 

Census. 
1790 

Census. 
1800 

Census. 
1810 

Census. 
1820 

Census. 
1830 

Census. 
1840 

Marshpee,  (1)     - 
Orleans,  (2) 
Provincetown,  (3) 
Sandwich,  (4)     - 
Truro,  (5)  - 
Wellfleet,  (6)      - 
Yarmouth,  (7)   - 

1763 
1797 
1727 
1639 
1709 
1763 
1639 

108 

454 

1,376 

924 

917 

1,740 

308 

454 
1,991 
1,193 
1,117 

2,678 

155 
1,095 

812 
2,024 
1,152 
1,207 
1,727 

139        150 
1.248     1,343 

936     1,252 
2,382    2,484 
1,209     1,241 
1,402     1,472 
2,134    2,232 

1,789 
1,710 
3,361 
1,547 
2,046 
2,251 

309 
1,974 
2,122 
3.719 
1,920 
2,377 
2,554 

Total,      - 

- 

12,376  17,354 

19,293 

22,211  2,4026 

28,514 

32,548 

DUKES  COUNTY. 


Chilmark,  (8)     - 
Edgartown,  (9) 
Tisbury,  (10)      - 

1714 
1671 
1671 

663 
944 
739 

771 
1,352 
1,142 

800 
1,226 
1,092 

723 
1,365 
1,202 

,695 
1,374 
1,223 

691 
1,509 
1,317 

702 
1,736 
1,520 

Total,      - 

- 

2,346 

3,265 

3,118 

3,290 

3,292 

3,517 

3,958 

NANTUCKET  COUNTY. 


Nantucket,  (11) 
Sherburn, 


1687 

3,320 

4,620 

5,617     6,807 

7,266 

7,202 

9,012 


1.  Plantation  of  Marshpee,  except  parts  annexed  to  Falmouth  and  Sandwich,  incorporated  as 

the  District  of  Marshpee,  March  31,  1834.     See  Sandicich. 

2.  Orleans  set  off  from  Eastham,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  March  3,  1797. 

Part  of  Eastham  annexed  to  Orleans,  March  9,  1S39. 

3.  Part  of  Truro  annexed  to  Provincetown,  June  12,  1813,  March  2,  1829  and  March  30, 1S36. 

4.  Part  of  Marshpee  annexed  to  Sandwich,  February  26,  1811.    See  Marshpee. 

5.  Boundary  line  of  Truro  and  Wellfleet  established,  February  22,  1837.     See  Provincetown. 

6.  See  Truro, 

7.  See  Dennis. 

8.  In  1820,  Chilmark  included  the  Elizabeth  Islos. 

9.  Boundary  line  of  Edgartown  and  Tisbury  established,  February  5,  1830. 

10.  In  1810,  Tisbury  included  the  Elizabeth  Isles.     See  Edgartoimi. 

11.  The  name  of  Sherburn  changed  to  that  of  Nantuclcet,  June  8,  1795. 


34 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


RECAPITULATION 

Of  the  Pupulation  of  the  Towns,  by  Counties. 


Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

Census.   Census. 

Census. 

Census. 

COUNTIES. 

Incor. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810      1820 

1830      1840 

Suffolk,      - 

1643 

15,982'  18,792 

25,786 

1                          1 
34,3811  43,940  62,163  95,773 

Essex, 

1643 

43,524  57,913 

61.196 

71,888  74,655  82,859  94,987 

Middlesex,  - 

1643 

34,940  42,737 

46,928 

52,789  61,472;  77.961  106611 

Worcester,  - 

1731 

34.167  56,807 

61,192 

64,910  73,625  84,355  95,313 

Hampshire, 

1662 

6,429  18,823 

22,885 

24,553  26,487 

30,254  30  897 

Hampden,  - 

1812 

9,021  19,193 

23,462 

24,421  28,021 

31,639,  37,366 

Franklin,    - 

1811 

5,999  21,743 

26,300 

27,421j  29,418 

29,630,  28,812 

Berkshire,  - 

1761 

11,306  30,213 

33,670 

35,787  35,570137,706;  41,745 

Norfolk, 

1793 

17,682,  23,878 

27,216 

31,245  36,471141,972  53,140 

Bristol, 

1685 

21,30l!  31,709 

33.880 

37,168  40,908j  49,592  60,165 

Plymouth,  - 

1685 

25,756  31,740 

32,302 

35,169  38,136!  43,044;  47,373 

Barnstable, 

1685 

12,376:  17,354 

19,293 

22,2ir  24,026;  28,514  32,548 

Dukes, 

1695 

2,346     3,265 

3,118 

3,290     3,292 

3,517;    3,958 

Nantucket, 

1695 

3,320    4,620 

5,617 

6,807    7,266 

7,202    9,012 

Total,      - 

-    [244149  378787 

422845 

472040  523287!610408  737700 

COUNTIES    AND    TOWNS.  35 

It  may  be  proper  here  to  remark,  in  addition  to  what 
has  been  said  in  relation  to  the  towns  in  SalFolk  county, 
that  the  islands  enumerated  with  Chelsea  in  the  census  of 
1800,  were,  at  the  dates  of  the  other  United  States  censuses, 
included  among  the  islands  in  the  harbor,  or  as  belonging  to 
Boston,  and  that  in  1820,  there  should  have  been  placed, 
in  the  table,  against  Islands  in  the  Harbor^  731,  including 
670  belonging  to  the  islands,  and  01  to  the  United  States 
ship  Independence.  In  the  censuses  of  1830  and  1840, 
Boston  and  Chelsea  only  are  specified  as  constituting  the 
county  of  Sutfolk. 

Also,  in  the  note  on  West  Newbury,  it  should  have  been 
added  that  the  west  parish  of  Newbviry  was  set  off,  and 
incorporated  as  the  town  of  Parsons,  February  18,  1819, 
and  the  name  changed  to  that  of  West  Newbury,  June  14, 
1820.  Taunton,  in  the  table  on  the  31st  page,  should  have 
been  printed  in  small  capitals,  to  denote  its  being  a  shire 
town. 

In  the  population  of  Franklin  county  for  1765,  there 
should  have  been  added  in  the  table,  against  Ashfield, 
1,459;  against  Charlemont,  743,  and  against  Sunderland, 
462  :  and  the  total  should  have  been  5,999,  instead  of  3,335. 

The  16  towns,  against  which  the  number  of  the  inhabi- 
tants in  the  United  States  census  of  1790,  is  substituted  for 
that  in  1765  not  returned,  are  mentioned  in  a  note  on  the 
fourth  page  of  this  essay. 

By  the  provisions  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  (pp.  177  and 
800,)  passed  November  4,  1835,  the  districts  of  Boxbo- 
rough,  Holland  and  New  Ashford,  were  made  towns.  May 
1,  1836. 


36 


POPULATION    OF    ftlASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  IV. — Exhibiting  the  Licrease  of  the  Population  of  Massachusetts,  from 
1765  to  1790,  a7id  during  each  Decennial  Period,  from  1790  to  1840,  by  Coun- 


Increase  in  25 

Increase  in  10 

Increase  in  10 

Census. 

years. 

Census. 

years. 

Census. 

years. 

COUNTIES. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

Amount.   Per  ct. 

Amount. 

Per  ci. 

Amount. 

Per  ct. 

Suffolk, 

15,982 

2,810 

17-58 

18,792 

6,994 

37-21 

25,786 

8,595 

33  33 

Essex, 

43,524 

14,389 

33-05 

57,913 

3,283 

5-66 

61,196 

10,692 

17-47 

Middlesex, 

34,940 

7,797 

22-31 

42,737 

4,191 

9-80 

46,928 

5.861 

12-48 

Worcester, 

34,167 

22,640,    66-26 

56,807 

4,385 

7-72 

61,192 

3,718 

607 

Hampshire, 

6,429 

12,394  192-78 

18,823 

4,062 

21-58 

22,885 

1,668 

7-28 

Hampden, 

9,021 

10,172  112-75 

19,193 

4.269 

22-24 

23.462 

959 

408 

Franklin, 

5,999 

15,744  262-44 

21,743 

4,557 

20-95 

26,300 

1,121 

4-26 

Berkshire, 

11,306 

18,907  167-22 

30,213 

3,457 

11-44 

33,670 

2,117 

6-28 

Norfolk, 

17,682 

6,196    35-04 

23,878 

3,338 

13-97 

27,216 

4,029 

14-80 

Bristol, 

21,301 

10,408    48-39 

31,709 

2,171 

6-84 

33,880 

3,288 

9-70 

Plymouth, 

25,756 

5,984     23-23 

31,740 

562 

1-77 

32,302 

2,867 

9-18 

Barnstable, 

12,376 

4,978    40  22 

17,354 

1,939 

11-17 

19,293 

2,918 

15-12 

Dukes, 

2,346 

919     39-17 

3,265 

decl47 

—4-19 

3,118 

172 

5-51 

Nantucket, 

3,320 

1,300|    39-15 

4,620 

997 

21-58 

5,617 

1,190 

21-18 

Total, 

244149 

134638    55-14 

1 

378787 

44,058 

11-63 

422845 

49,195 

11.63 

TABLE  V. — Exhibiting  the  Increase  of  the  Population  of  the  several  Counties 


Increase  in  20  years. 

820  to 

Increase 

From  1790  to 

From  1800  to 

From  1810  to   |    From  1 

From  1790  to 

COUNT'S. 

ISIO. 

1820. 

1830.          1            1940. 

lS-20. 

Amount.  Pr.  ct. 

Amount. 

Pr.ct. 

Amount. 

Pr.ct.  !Amount.i 

1 

Pr.  ct. 

1 
Amount. 

Pr.  ct. 

Suffolk, 

15,589  88-86 

18,154  70-40 

27,782'80-80' 51.833 

117-96 

25,148 

133-88 

Essex, 

13,975  24-13 

13,459  21-99 

10,971115-26  20,332 

27-23 

16,742 

28  90 

Middlex, 

10,052  23-52 

14,5)4  30-99 

25,172147-68,45,139, 

73-43 

18,735 

43-83 

Worces., 

8,103  14-2() 

12,433  20-31 

19,445 

28  41121,688, 

29-45 

16.818 

29-60 

Hampsh. 

5,730  30-44 

3,602  15  74 

5,701 

23-21 

4,410 

16  64 

7,664| 

40-71 

Hamp'n, 

5,228  27-23 

4,559  19-43 

7.218 

29-55 

9,345, 

33-34 

8,828} 

45-99 

Franklin, 

5,678  26-11 

3,118  11-85 

2,209 

8-05 

dec606 

—2-05 

7,()75i 

35-29 

Berksh'e, 

5. 574118-44 

1,900    5-64 

1,919 

5-36 

6,175 

17-36 

5,357 

17-73 

Norfolk, 

7,367 

30-85 

9.255  3400 

10,727 

34-33 

16,669 

45-70 

12,593 

52-73 

Bristol, 

5,459 

17-21 

7,028  20-74 

12,424 

33-42 

19,257 

47-07 

9,199 

29-01 

Plymo'h, 

3,429 

10-80 

5,834  18-06 

7.875 

22-39 

9,237 

2422 

6,396 

20-15 

Barnsta. 

4,857 

27-98 

4,733|24-53 

6,303 

28-37 

8,522 

35-4t) 

6,672 

38  44 

Dukes, 

25 

-76 

174    5-58 

227 

6-89 

666 

20  23 

27 

•82 

Nantuck. 

2,187 

15-17 

1,649:29-35 

395 

5-80 

1,746 

24-02 

2,646 

57-27 

Total, 

93,253 

24  62 

100442,23-73 

138368 

29-31 

214413 

40-97 

144570 

38-14 

,  together  with  the  Proportion  which  the  Fuj'ulation  of  each  County  had  to  the  whole  Popu- 
ntion  of  the  State  in  1765,  1790  and  1810. 


INCREASE    IN    THE    COUNTlEsi. 


37 


10 


Increase  in  10 
years. 


Amount, 


Per  ct. 


Census. 


1820 


Increase  in  10 
years. 


Amount.  Per  ct 


381 

9,559 

888 

2,767 

789 

8,683 

910 

8,715 

553 

1,934 

421 

3,600 

421 

1,997 

787 

dec217 

245 

5,226 

168 

3,740 

169 

2,967 

211 

1,815 

290 

2 

807 

459 

040 

51,247 

27-80 

3-84 

16-44 

13-42 

7-87 

14-74 

7-28 

—-60 

16-72 

10-06 

8-43 

8-17 

•00 

6-74 


43,940 
74,655 
61,472 
73,625 
26,487 
28,021 
29,418 
35,570 
36,471 
40,908 
.38,136 
24,026 
3,292 
7,266 


18,223 

8,204 

16,489 

10,730 

3,767 

3,618 

212 

2,136 

5,501 

8,684 

4,908 

4,488 

225 

dec  64 


10-85  523287  87,121 


41-17 
10-98 
26-80 
14-57 
14  29 
12  91 
-72 

6-31 
15-08 
21-22 
12-86 
18-67 

6-83 


16-64 


Census. 
1830 


62,163 
82,^59 
77,961 
84,355 
30,254 
31.639 
29,630 
37,706 
41,972 
49,592 
43,044 
28,514 
3,517 
7,202 


610408 


Increase  in  10 
years. 


Amount.  Per  cl. 


Census. 


1840 


33,610 
12,128 
28,650 
10,958 
643 

5,727 
decSlS 

4,039 
11,168 
10,573 

4,329 

4,034 
441 

1,810 


127292 


54-06 
14-63 
36-74 
12-99 
2-12 
18-10 
-2-76 
10-71 
26-60 
21-31 
1005 
14-14 
12  53 
25  13 


95,773 
94.987 
106611 
9-5,313 
30,897 
37,366 
28,812 
41,745 
53,140 
60,165 
47,373 
32,548 
3,958 
9,012 


20-85  737700 


Proportion  to  the 
■whole  Population. 


1765 


6-55 

17-83 

14-32 

13-99 

2-63 

3-69 

2-46 

4-63 

7-24 

8-72 

10-55 

507 

-96 

1-36 


100- 


1790    1800 


4-96 

15-29! 

11-28' 

15-00 

4  97 

5-07 

5-74 

7-98 

6-30 

8-37 

8-38 

4-58 

•86 

1-22 

100- 


12-98 

12-89 

14-44 

12-92 

4-19 

5-06 

3-91 

5-66 

7^20 

8-16 

6-42 

4-41 

•54 

1-22 


100^ 


during  different  periods,  from  1765  to  1840. 


in  30  yeai"»» 


I      Increase  in  40  years,      fine*  in  50  ys^ 


om  l-*00  to 
1830. 


Pr.  ct. 


From  1810  to 
IftlO. 


Amount.'  Pr.  ct. 


J^'rom  1790  10 
1830. 


Amount 


Pr.  ct. 


From  1600  to 
1840. 


From  1790  to 
1840. 


Amount.    Pr.  ct.  {Amount.'  Pr.  ct. 


Inc«  in  75  y8« 


From  176.3  to 
1-^40. 


Amount.    Pr.  ct. 


141-07 
35-39 
66-12 
37  85 
32-20 
34  85 
12-54 
11-98 
54-18 
46-37 
33-25 
47-79 
12-79 
2821 


61.392 
23,099 
53,822! 
30,403i 

6,3441 
12.945 

1,391! 

5,958' 
21.895, 
22.9971 
12,204 
10,337i 
668| 

2,205: 


178-56: 
32-13 

101-95' 
46-83' 
25-83 
53  00 
5.07j 
16-64 
70-07 
61-87 
34-701 
46-53; 
20-30; 
32-39! 


43,371 

2494G 

35,224 

27,548 

11,431 

12,446 

7,887 

7,493 

18,094 

17,883 

11,304 

11,160 

252 

2,-582 


230-79 
43-07 
82-42 
48-49 
60-72 
64  84 
36-27 
24-80 
75^77 
56-39 
35-61 
64-30 
7-71 
55  88 


69,987 
33,791' 
59,683 
34,121' 

8,012 
13,904 

2,512 

8,075 
25,9241 
26;285l 
15',07li 
13,255, 
840 

3,395 


271-41 
55-21' 

127-15, 
55-76; 
35-00' 
54-99) 
955' 
23-98 
9525 
77-58 
46-65 
68-70, 
26-94 
60-44 


76,981 
37,074 
63,874 
38,506 
12,074 
18,173 

7,069 
11,532 
29,262 
28^456 
15,633 
15,194 
693 

4,392 


409-64 
64  01 

149-45 
67-78 
64-12 
94-68 
32-51 
38-16 

122-54 
89  74 
49-25 
87  55 
21-22 
95-06 


79,791 
51,463 
71,671 
61,146 
24,468 
28,345 
22,813 
30,439 
35,458 
38,864 
21,617 
20,172 
1,612 
5.692 


498-62 
118-24 
205-12 
178-96 
380-58 
314-21 
380-28 
269-22 
200-53 
182-45 

83-92 
16299 

68-70 
171-44 


)63)  44-35j265660i  56-27'23162l|  61-14  314855|  74-46|358913i  94-75  493551!  202-15 


38  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  increase  of  tlie  population  of  Massachusetts,  during 
the  twenty-five  years  from  1765  to  1790,  was  134,638,  or 
5514:  per  cent.,  while  in  the  period  of  double  the  length, 
from  1790  to  1840,  it  was  358,913,  or  94-75  per  cent.  In 
the  first  period  it  was  greater  than  it  has  been  in  any  pe- 
riod of  thirty  years  since,  with  the  exception  of  that  from 
1810  to  1840,  in  which  it  was  only  about  Iper  cent,  greater. 
In  the  forty  years  from  1790  to  1830,  it  was  only  61-14 
per  cent.,  or  6  per  cent,  greater  than  in  the  twenty-five 
years  before. 

The  increase  of  the  population  during  these  two  periods, 
was  very  differently  distributed  in  the  several  counties,  as 
we  shall  see  by  comparing  them  together.  During  the  first 
period  the  increase  of  Suffolk  county,  constituted  chiefly 
by  Boston,  whose  population  had  mostly  left  during  the 
war,  and  which  place  had  hardly  recovered  itself  in  1790, 
was  only  17*58  per  cent.,  while  during  the  last  period  it 
was  409-64  per  cent.,  which  is  over  twenty-three  times  as 
great.  In  the  four  western  counties  of  Hampshire,  Hamp- 
den, Franklin  and  Berkshire,  which,  in  1765,  were  almost 
a  wilderness,  and  were  settled  in  the  first  period,  the  aggre- 
gate increase  was  57,217,  or  174-68 />e/-  cent.,  while  during 
the  last  fifty  years  it  was  48,848,  or  53-88  per  cent.,  which 
is  less  than  a  third  of  the  proportion,  though  the  period 
was  double.  In  Worcester,  the  increase  was  about  the 
same  proportion  in  each  period.  The  increase  in  Essex, 
Bristol,  Plymouth,  Barnstable  and  Nantucket,  was  in  the 
proportion  of  about  one  half;  in  Dukes,  about  double;  in 
Middlesex,  about  one  seventh  ;  and  in  Norfolk,  about  one 
fourth,  in  the  first,  of  what  it  was  in  the  last  period. 

In  the  first  period,  the  proportional  increase  was  the 
smallest  in  Suffolk,  and  the  largest  in  Franklin ;  and 
almost  the  reverse  was  the  case  in  the  last  period,  the  in- 
crease being  the  greatest  in  Suffolk,  and  the  least  in  Frank- 
lin, with  the  exception  of  Dukes. 


INCREASE    IN    THE   COUNTIES.  39 

As  we  compare  the  population  of  the  several  counties, 
we  find  that  the  proportion  of  increase  has  been  various  in 
each  of  these  two  periods,  and  also  ui  each  of  the  decen- 
nial periods.  We  find  also  marked  differences  in  the  pro- 
portion of  the  population  of  each  county  to  the  whole  pop- 
ulation of  the  state,  at  the  three  epochs  of  1765,  1790  and 
1840. 

We  observe  that  the  proportional  increase  in  the  several 
comities  has  been  very  various  in  the  decennial  periods, 
and  in  the  longer  periods ;  and,  in  general,  that  the  in- 
crease has  been  greater  in  latter  part  of  the  fifty  years 
than  in  the  earlier.  During  some  of  these  periods,  there 
has  been  a  loss  or  decrease  in  Franklin,  Berkshire,  Dukes 
and  Nantucket.  There  has  evidently  been  a  greater  in- 
crease in  and  near  the  capital  of  the  state,  particularly 
during  the  fifty  years  from  1790. 

It  will  be  perceived  that  the  increase  of  the  population 
of  Massachusetts  has  been  only  94-75  jier  cent,  during  the 
fifty  years  from  1790  to  1S40.  This  is  to  be  expected, 
considering  that  in  1790,  nearly  the  whole  soil  of  Massa- 
chusetts was  occupied,  and  other  and  more  fertile  fields 
attracted  emigrants  to  other  parts  of  the  country.  The 
population  of  the  United  States,  according  to  the  census  of 
1790,  was  3,929,897,  and  according  to  the  census  of  1840, 
17,069,454,  showing  an  increase  in  fifty  years  of  13,139,557, 
or  334-34  per  cent..,  which  is  more  than  three  and  a  half 
times  what  it  was  in  Massachusetts  during  the  fifty  years. 


40 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  the  incorpora- 
ted towns  and  districts  in  Massachusetts,  at  the  close  of  the 
year  1765,  in  which  the  colonial  census,  ordered  by  the 
General  Court  in  1764,  was  completed,  and  at  the  times  of 
taking  the  six  United  States  censuses,  together  with  their 
increase  during  the  intervals,  by  counties  as  constituted  in 
1840.  Since  1S40,  four  towns  have  been  incorporated, 
namely :  Somerville  in  1842,  Blackstone  in  1845,  and 
North  Chelsea  and  Ashland  in  1846. 


TABLE  VI. — Exhibiting  the  Number  of  Incorporated  Torvns  and  Districts  in 
Massachusetts,  at  the  dates  of  the  Coisuses. 


COUxNTIES. 

i'-o 

6 

1 

6 

h 

6""' 

c 

h 

6 

± 

Hoc. 
6 

^; 
2 

a 
S. 
o 
c 

£cc 
6 

2 

o 
c 

6 
Z 

Suffolk, 

2 

. 

2 

. 

2 

. 

2 

2 

Essex, 

21 

1 

22 

1 

23 

. 

23 

3 

26 

. 

26 

2 

28 

Middlesex,     - 

*36 

5 

41 

1 

42 

2 

44 

1 

45 

1 

46 

- 

46 

Worcester, 

SQ'IO 

49 

. 

49 

2 

51 

3 

54 

- 

54 

1 

55 

Hampshire,  - 

1110 

21 

- 

21 

- 

21 

1 

22 

1 

23 

- 

23 

Hampden, 

10    6 

16 

1 

17 

1 

18 

- 

18 

. 

18 

. 

18 

Franklin, 

12,10 

22 

2 

24 

- 

24 

- 

24 

1 

25 

1 

26 

Berkshire, 

12  14 

26 

4 

30 

1 

131 

-1 

±30 

. 

30 

1 

31 

Norfolk, 

15 

4 

19 

3 

22 

. 

22 

- 

22 

. 

22 

. 

22 

Bristol,     - 

11 

4 

15 

- 

15 

1 

16 

3 

19 

- 

II 19 

- 

19 

Plymouth,     - 
Barnstable, 

16 
11 

1 

17 
11 

2 

17 
13 

1 

17 
14 

4 

21 
14 

- 

21 
14 

- 

21 
14 

Dukes, 

3 

- 

3 

- 

3 

. 

3 

. 

3 

- 

3 

. 

3 

Nantucket, 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

Total,     - 

200!65 

265 

14 

279 

8 

287 

14 

301 

3 

304 

5 

309 

*  Carlisle  was  iucorporated  as  a  district,  April  19,  1754,  and  reunited  to  Concord,  January 
11,  1757,  from  which  time  it  had  no  separate  corporate  powers  till  April  28,  1780,  when  it  was 
incorporated  as  the  district  of  Acton. 

t  The  town  of  Loudon  was  incorporated  in  1773,  and  the  district  of  Bethlehem  in  1789,  and 
the  two  were  united  as  the  town  of  Loudon,  June  19,  1809,  and  the  name  changed  to  that  of 
Otis,  June  13,  1810.  In  1790  and  1800  they  were  two  incorporations,  and  are  enumerated  as 
such  in  the  table ;  afterwarils,  by  the  union  of  these  towns,  the  number  of  towns  in  Berkshire 
county  was  diminished  one,  and  increased  two  in  1818,  by  the  incorporation  of  Florida  and 
Hinsdale. 

5  Southfield  was  incorporated  as  a  district,  June  19,  1797,  and  continued  such  in  1800  and 
1810,  and  until  united  to  Sandisfield,  February  8,  1819.  By  this  union  the  number  of  towns 
was  diminished  one,  as  appears  in  the  table. 

II  Wellington  was  set  off  from  Dighton,  and  incorporated  as  a  town,  in  1814,  and  continued 
separate  till  its  re  union  to  Dighton,  1826.  It  is  counted  in  the  table  in  1820,  and  in  1830  and 
1840  the  town  of  Pawturkel,  incorporated  in  1828,  supplies  it.?  place  in  the  nuuil>er  of  towns  in 
Bristol  roimty. 


AGRICULTURE   AND   MANUFACTURES.  41 

Of  the  65  towns  and  districts  incorporated  from  1765  to 
1790,  1]  were  incorporated  from  1776  to  1770 ;  13  from 
1771  to  1775;  15  from  1776  to  17S0 ;  20  from  1781  to 
1785  ;  and  6  from  1786  to  August  1,  1790,  the  time  of  tak- 
ing the  first  United  States  census.  In  the  following  period 
of  double  the  length,  to  1840,  the  number  was  only  44 ; 
and  these  last  were  almost  wholly  formed  by  the  division 
of  towns  previously  incorporated. 

From  the  first  occupation  of  the  soil  of  Massachusetts, 
by  our  fathers,  to  the  time  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  the 
people  were  mostly  employed  in  the  pursuits  of  agricul- 
ture, in  extending  their  settlements  over  the  unoccupied 
land  within  the  borders  of  the  state,  and  in  protecting 
themselves  against  the  savage  tribes.  As  early  as  1765,  a. 
very  large  portion  of  the  territory  had  been  incorporated 
into  towns  and  districts.  If  we  can  judge  from  the  num- 
ber of  towns  incorporated,  the  western  part  of  the  state 
seems  to  have  been  as  rapidly  settled  by  emigrants  during 
the  war  as  during  an  equal  period  preceding  or  following 
it,  so  that  in  1790,  most  of  the  whole  territory  of  the  state 
was  formed  into  incorporated  towns. 

Notwithstanding  the  evils  of  the  war,  the  population 
spread  over  the  unoccupied  territory  in  the  western  part  of 
the  state,  and  actually  increased  faster  during  the  twenty- 
five  years  before  1790,  than  it  has  in  an  equal  period  since. 
This  fact  may  surprise  those  whose  attention  has  not  been 
directed  to  the  subject ;  but  it  is  easily  accounted  for,  when 
we  consider  that  there  was  a  large  amount  of  unoccupied 
land,  especially  in  the  western  part  of  the  state,  upon 
which  the  increase  of  the  population  settled,  and  over 
which  they  spread  as  agriculturists. 

The  fifty  years  since  1790,  seem  to  be  naturally  divided 

into  two  periods  of  about  equal  length ;   the  first  extending 

from  1790  to  about  1820,  and  the  second  from   1820  to 

1840.     During  the  first,  the  soil  being  nearly  all  occupied 

6 


42  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

lor  the  purposes  of  agriculture,  the  surpkis  population  em- 
igrated out  of  the  state,  and  settled  in  other  states.  Dur- 
ing this  period,  the  increase  was  small,  and  the  number  of 
towns  incorporated  was  comparatively  small  also.  During 
the  second  period  from  1820  to  1840,  though  the  number  of 
new  towns  was  even  less  increased,  the  number  of  inhabit- 
ants was  increased  in  a  much  larger  proportion,  than  in  the 
first.  The  surplus  population,  instead  of  emigrating,  were 
more  retained  at  home  by  the  encouragements  held  out  by 
the  increase  of  the  manufacturing  enterprise  of  the  commu- 
nity. The  first  period  was  distinguished  by  greater  emigra- 
tion to  other  states,  and  by  the  pursuit  of  agriculture  as 
the  principal  employment,  and  the  second  by  the  increase 
of  manufactures. 

By  comparing  the  census  of  1820  with  that  of  1840,  we 
find  that  the  increase  of  those  engaged  in  agriculture  was 
24,377,  or  4-65  7?er  cent,  of  the  population  only,  while  that 
of  the  population  was  214,413,  or  40-97  ;oer  cent.,  which  is 
nearly  ten  times  as  great.  We  find  the  increase  of  those 
engaged  in  manufactures  to  have  been  51,712,  or  9-88  ^je;- 
cent,  of  the  population,  which  is  more  than  twice  as  great. 
The  increase  of  the  agricultural  class,  in  the  twenty  years, 
was  38-41  7^67-  cent.,  while  that  of  the  manufacturing  was 
154-50  per  cent.,  or  over  four  times  as  great. 

The  increase  of  the  agricultural  population  seems  to 
have  been  chiefly  in  the  vicinity  of  a  small  number  of 
thriving  commercial  or  manufacturing  towns,  as  Boston, 
Lowell,  &c.,  whose  increase  in  population  has  been  re- 
markably rapid  during  these  twenty  years. 

A  comparative  view  of  the  population,  as  exhibited  in 
the  next  table,  shows  most  conclusively  that  the  increase 
during  the  twenty  years  when  it  has  been  much  the  largest 
of  any  since  1790,  has  been  wholly  owing  to  the  increase 
of  manufactures  during  the  same  time.  In  this  table  are 
moitioned  88  of  the  principal  manufacturing  and  commer- 


AGRICULTURE    AND    MANUFACTURES.  43 

cial  towns  in  the  Commonwealth,  and  their  aggregate  in- 
crease was  nearly  equal  to  that  of  the  whole  state.  The  pro- 
portion of  their  increase  was  79*62  per  cent.,  while  that  of  the 
whole  state  was  only  4U-97  per  cent.,  or  a  little  more  than 
one  half  On  the  other  hand,  the  213  agricultural  towns, 
containing  some  towns  in  which  manufacturing  has  been 
introduced  to  a  considerable  extent,  increased  only  8*50  per 
cent.,  not  more  than  about  a  fifth  part  of  the  average  of  the 
whole  state.  This  table  contains  some  commercial  towns, 
and  it  is  presumed  that  the  increase  of  the  commerce  has 
been  mainly  dependent  upon  the  manufactures ;  and  be- 
sides, a  portion  of  the  increase  in  many  of  the  agricultural 
towns  has  been  mainly  owing  to  the  manufactures. 

In  the  manufacturing  and  commercial  towns  are  com- 
prised 23  towns  whose  centres  are  not  more  than  ten  miles 
from  the  centre  of  Boston.  These  towns  are  placed  in  this 
class  under  the  idea  that  Boston,  as  the  great  centre  for  the 
transaction  of  the  business  of  the  manufactures  of  the 
Commonwealth,  would  exert  an  important  influence  on  the 
population  to  that  extent.  In  fact,  this  influence  is  felt  in 
every  town  and  village. 

We  may  infer  from  this  table,  that  the  whole  increase 
during  the  20  years,  has  been  owing  to  manufactures,  while 
that  of  the  agricultural  population,  independent  of  the  aids 
of  manufacturing,  has  been  little  or  nothing.  It  may  be 
doubted  whether  there  was  any  more  of  agriculture  prop- 
erly so  called,  in  Massachusetts,  in  1840,  than  in  1820,  or 
even  much  more  than  in  1790.  There  has  been  some  in- 
crease of  a  few  articles  raised,  such  as  potatoes,  apples  for 
eating,  garden  vegetables,  and  fruits ;  and  this  has  arisen 
from  a  change  in  the  mode  of  life,  and  the  more  dense  state 
of  the  population  in  the  villages.  But  generally,  of  the 
more  substantial  articles  raised  by  farmers  25  or  30  years 
ago,  it  is  doubtful  whether  there  has  been  any  increase. 
The  quantity  of  hay,  of  grains,  of  wool,  of  beef  and  of  pork, 


44 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


has  probably  decreased.  We  have  no  means  of  determin- 
ing the  exact  amount  in  either  of  those  years,  since  1820. 

It  will  be  perceived  that,  of  the  increase  of  the  manufac- 
turing population  in  the  Recapitulation,  that  in  Middlesex 
county  was  the  greatest,  while  in  Franklin,  in  which  there 
was  a  decrease  of  the  population,  there  were  no  towns  in 
which  manufacturing  was  carried  on  to  any  great  extent. 
Of  the  towns,  individually,  Chelmsford  and  Lowell  take 
the  lead  of  all  the  rest  in  the  proportion  of  the  increase ; 
next  Fall  River,  Chelsea,  New  Bedford,  Springfield,  Cam- 
bridge, Worcester,  Millbury,  <fcc.  The  increase  in  the  ag- 
ricultural towns  was  very  small,  and  in  three  counties 
there  was  a  decrease. 

It  may  be  added,  that  the  increase  of  the  population  of 
Massachusetts,  during  the  30  years,  from  1790  to  1820,  was 
144,570,  or  38-14  -per  cent.,  and,  aided  by  manufactures, 
during  the  twenty  years  from  1820  to  1840,  it  was  214,413, 
or  40*97  per  cent,  of  the  population  in  1820,  and  56-60  per 
cent,  of  the  population  of  1790. 


TABLE  VII. — Exhibiting  the  Increase  of  the  Population  of  Manufacturing 
and  Commercial  Torons  in  Massachusetts,  from  1820  to  1840. 

SUFFOLK  COUNTY. 


TOWNS. 

Census. 
1820 

Increase  in  20  years. 

Census. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

1840 

Boston,    -        -        .        - 
Chelsea,  -        -        -        - 

43,298 
642 

50,085 
1,748 

115-67 
272-33 

93,383 
2,390 

Total, 

43,940 

51,833     1      117-96 

95,773 

ESSEX  COUNTY. 


Andover, 

Danvers,  - 

Georgetown, 

Rowley, 

Gloucester, 

Rockport, 

Haverhill, 


3,889 
3,646 

1,318 
1,374 

38-89 
37-68 

1,825 
6,384 

918 
2,616 

50-30 
40-97 

3,070 

1,266 

41-23 

5,207 
5,020 
1,540 
1,203 
6,350 
2,650 
4,336 


MANUFACTURING   AND   AGRICULTURAL    TOWNS. 


45 


ESSEX  CO\]T^TY—Co7itinued. 


TOWNS. 

Census. 
1820 

Increase  in  20  years. 

Census. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

1840 

Lynn,       .... 

Methuen, 

Salem,      .        -        -        . 

Salisbury,         ... 

Saugus,   -        -        .        - 

4,515 

1,371 

12,731 

2,006 

748 

4,852 
880 

2,351 
733 
350 

107-46 
64-18 
18-46 
36-54 
46-77 

9,367 
2,251 
15,082 
2,73'J 
1,098 

10  Towns, 

16  other  Towns, 

40,185 
34,470 

l(i,658 
3,674 

41-45 
10-65 

56,843 
38,144 

Total, 

74,655 

20,332 

27-23 

94,987 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY. 


Brighton, 

702 

723 

102  99 

1,425 

Cambridge, 

3,295 

5,114 

155-20 

8,409 

Charlestown,    - 

6,591 

4,893 

75-77 

11,484 

Chelmsford,  ) 
Lowell,          1 

1,535 

20,958 

1365-34 

1,697 
20,796 

Dracut,     .        -        .        - 

1,407 

781 

55-50 

2,188 

Framingham,  -        -        - 

2,037 

993 

48-74 

3,030 

Lexington,       ... 

1,200 

442 

36-83 

1,642 

Maiden,   -        .        -        - 

1,731 

783 

45-23 

2,514 

Medford,  - 

1,474 

1,004 

68-12 

2,478 

Newton,  -        -        -        - 

1,850 

1,501 

81-13 

3,351 

Reading, 

2,797 

913 

32-64 

2,193 

South  Reading, 

- 

1,517 

Waltham, 

1,677 

827 

49-31 

2,504 

Watertown, 

1,518 

292 

19-23 

1,810 

West  Cambridge, 

1,064 

299 

28-10 

1,363 

Woburn,  -        -        -        - 

1,519 

1,474 

97-03 

2,993 

15  Towns, 

30,397 

40,997 

134-87 

71,394 

30  other  Towns, 

31,075 

4,142 

13-32 

35,217 

Total, 

61,472 

45,139 

73-43 

106,611 

WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


Fitchburg,        -        .        . 

1,736 

868 

5000 

2,604 

Grafton,  -        .        -        - 

1,154 

1,789 

155-02 

2,943 

Mendon,  -        -        .        - 

2,254 

1,270 

56-34 

3,524 

Milford,    -        -        -        . 

1,160 

613 

52-84 

1,773 

Millbury, 

926 

1,245 

134-44 

2,171 

Northbridge,     - 

905 

544 

60-11 

1,449 

North  Brookfield,     - 

1,095 

390 

35-61 

1,485 

46 


POPULATION  OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


WORCESTER  CO\J'S<!TY— Continued. 


Census. 
1820 

Increase  in  20  years. 

Census. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

1840 

Oxford,      I       -        -        - 
Webster,    j       -        -        - 
Southbridge,     - 
Sturbridge, 
Winchendon,    - 
Worcester, 

1,562 

1,066 
1,633 
1,263 
2,962 

1,583 

965 

372 

491 

4,535 

101-33 

90-52 

22-78 

38-87 

153-10 

1,742 
1,403 
2,031 
2,005 
1,754 
7,497 

12  Towns, 

42  other  Towns, 

17,716 
55,909 

14,665 
7,023 

82-77 
12-56 

32,381 
62,932 

Total, 

73,625 

21,688 

29-45 

95,313 

HAMPSHIRE  COUNTY. 


Amherst,          ... 

1,917 

633 

33-02 

2,550 

Middlefield,      - 

755 

962 

127-41 

1,717 

Northampton,  - 

2,854 

896 

31-39 

3,750 

Pelham, 
Prescott, 

1,278 

458 

35-83 

956 
780 

South  Hadley,  - 

1,047 

411 

39-25 

1,458 

Ware,      -        .        -        . 

1,154 

736 

t)3-77 

1,890 

Williamsburg, 

1,087 

222 

20-42 

1,309 

7  Towns, 

10,092 

4,318 

42-78 

14,410 

15  other  Towns, 

16,395 

92 

•56 

16,487 

Total, 

26,487 

4,410 

16-64 

30,897 

HAMPDEN  COUNTY. 


Palmer,    .... 
Russell,    .... 
Springfield,      ... 
Westfield, 
West  Springfield, 

1,197 
491 
3.914 
2,668 
3,246 

942 
464 
7,071 
858 
380 

78-69 
94-50 
180-65 
32-15 
11-70 

2.139 

955 

10,985 

3,526 

3,626 

5  Towns, 
13  other  Towns, 

11,516 
16,505 

9,715 
—370 

84-36 
—2-24 

21,231 
16,135 

Total, 

28,021 

9,345 

33-34 

37,366 

BERKSHIRE  COUNTY. 


Adams, 
Dalton, 


1,836 
817 


1,867 
438 


101-68 
53-81 


3,703 
1,255 


MANUFACTURING    AND    AGRICULTURAL    TOWNS. 


47 


BERKSHIRE  COV^TY—Coiitimed. 


Census. 
1820 

Increase  in  20  years. 

Census. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

1840 

Great  Barrington,     - 
Lee,          -        -        .        . 
Pittsfield, 
Stockbridge,     - 

1,908 
1,384 
2,768 
1,377 

796 

1,044 

979 

615 

41-71 
75-43 
35-36 
44-66 

2,704 
2,428 
3,747 
1,992 

6  Towns, 
24  other  Towns, 

10,090 
25,480 

5,739 
436 

56-87 
205 

15,829 
25,916 

Total, 

35,570 

6,175 

17-36 

41,745 

NORFOLK  COUNTY. 


Brookline, 

900 

465 

51-66 

1,365 

Canton,    -         -         -         - 

1,268 

727 

57-33 

1,995 

Dedham,  -        .        -        . 

2,493 

797 

31-96 

3,290 

Dorchester, 

3,684 

1,191 

32-32 

4,875 

Medway, 

1,523 

520 

34-14 

2,043 

Milton,     -        .        -        - 

1,502 

320 

21-30 

1,822 

Quincy,    -        -         .        - 

1,623 

1,863 

114-78 

3,486 

Randolph, 

1,546 

1,667 

107-82 

3,213 

Roxbury, 

4,135 

4,954 

119-80 

9,089 

Stoughton, 

1,313 

829 

63-13 

2,142 

Weymouth, 

2,407 

1,331 

55-29 

3,738 

11  Towns, 

22,394 

14,664 

65-48 

37,058 

11  other  Towns, 

14,077 

2,005 

14-24 

16,082 

Total, 

36,471 

16,669 

45-70 

53,140 

BRISTOL  COUNTY. 


Attleborough,   - 

3,055 

530 

17-34 

3,585 

Dartmouth, 

3,636 

499 

13-72 

4,135 

Fairhaven, 

2,733 

1,218 

44-58 

3,951 

Fall  River, 

1,594 

5,144 

328-98 

6,738 

New  Bedford,  - 

3,947 

8,140 

206-20 

12,087 

Seekonk,      )    - 
Pawtucket, 

2,775 

1,405 

50-63 

1,996 
2,184 

Taunton, 

4,520 

3,125 

69-13 

7,645 

7  Towns, 

22,260 

20,061 

90-12 

42,321 

12  other  Towns, 

18,648 

—804 

-4-31 

17,844 

Total, 

40,908 

19,257 

47-07 

60,165 

48 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY. 


Census. 
1820 

Increase  in  20  years. 

Census. 

TOWNS. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

1840 

Abington, 

Bridgewater,    - 

Hingham, 

North  Bridgewater,  - 

Plymouth, 

Hull,        -        .        -        - 

1,920 
1,700 

2,857 

1,480 

4,348 

172 

1,294 
431 
707 

1,136 

933 

59 

67-39 
25-35 
24-74 
76-75 
21-45 

3,214 
2,131 
3,564 
2,616 
5,281 
231 

6  Towns, 
15  other  Towns, 

12,477 
25,659 

4,560 
4,677 

36-54 
18-73 

17,037 
30,336 

Total, 

38,136 

9,237 

24  22 

47,373 

BARNSTABLE  COUNTY. 


DUKES  COUNTY. 


Dennis,     -        -        -        - 

Harwich, 

Provincetown,  - 

Sandwich, 

Wellfleet, 

1,997 
1,980 
1,252 

2,484 
1.472 

945 
950 
870 
1,235 
905 

47-32 
47-97 
69-48 
49-71 
61-48 

2,942 
2,930 
2,122 
3,719 
2,377 

5  Towns, 

9  other  Towns, 

9,185 
14,841 

4,905 
3,617 

53  40 
24-37 

14.090 
18,458 

Total, 

24,026 

8,522 

35-46 

32,548 

Edgartown, 
2  other  Towns, 

1,374 
1,918 

362 
304 

26-34 
15-84 

1,736 
2  222 

Total, 

3,292 

666 

20-23 

3,958 

MANUFACTURING  AND  AGRICULTURAL  TOWNS. 


49 


RECAPITULATION  of  Manujacluring  and  Commercial  Towns,  by  Counties. 


Census. 

Increase  i 

1  20  years. 

Census. 

COUNTIES. 

rp 

1820 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

1840 

Suffolk, 

2 

43,940 

51,833 

117-96 

95,773 

Essex, 

10 

40,185 

16,658 

41-45 

56,843 

Middlesex,    - 

15 

30,397 

40,997 

134-87 

71,394 

Worcester,    - 

12 

17,716 

14,665 

82-77 

32,381 

Hampshire,  - 

7 

10,092 

4,318 

42-78 

14,410 

Hampden,     - 

5 

11,516 

9,715 

84-36 

21,231 

Franklin, 

- 

- 

. 

- 

- 

Berkshire,     - 

6 

10,090 

5,739 

56-87 

15,829 

Norfolk, 

11 

22,394 

14,664 

65-48 

37,058 

Bristol, 

7 

22,260 

20,061 

90-12 

42,321 

Plymouth,     - 

6 

12,477 

4,560 

36-54 

17,037 

Barnstable,    - 

5 

9,185 

4,905 

53-40 

14,090 

Dukes, 

1 

1,374 

362 

26-34 

1,736 

Nantucket,    - 

1 

7,266 

1,746 

24-02 

9,012 

Total,     - 

88 

238,892 

190,223 

79-62 

429,115 

RECAPITULATION  of  Agricultural  Towns,  by  Counties. 


COUNTIES. 


Towns. 


Census. 


1820 


Increase  in  20  years. 


Per  cent. 


Census. 


1840 


Suffolk, 
Essex,  - 
Middlesex,    - 
Worcester,    - 
Hampshire,  - 
Hampden,     - 
Franklin, 
Berkshire,     - 
Norfolk, 
Bristol, 
Pl}Tnouth,     - 
Barnstable,   - 
Dukes, 
Nantucket,    - 


Agricultural, 
Manufacturing, 


Total, 


16 
30 
42 
15 
13 
24 
24 
11 
12 
15 
9 
2 


213 


301 


34,470 
31,075 
55,909 
16,395 
16,505 
29,418 
25,480 
14,077 
18,648 
25,659 
14,841 
1,918 


284,395 
238,892 

523,287 


3,674 

4,142 

7,023 

92 

dec 370 

dec 606 

436 

2,005 

dec 804 

4,677 

3,617 

304 


10-65 

13-32 

12-56 

-56 

—2-24 

—2-05 

1-71 

14-24 

—4-31 

18-23 

24-37 

15-84 


25,970 
decl,780 


11-57 
-2-96 


24,190 
190,223 

214,413 


8-50 
79-62 

40-97 


38,144 
35,217 
62,932 
16,487 
16,135 
28,812 
25,916 
16,082 
17,844 
30,336 
18,458 
2,222 


14,885 


308,585 
429,115 

737,700 


50  POPULATION  OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Even  during  the  ten  years  from  1830  to  1840,  89  towns, 
mostly  agricultural,  and  only  in  a  few  instances  affected 
by  the  division  of  towns  or  by  an  alteration  of  the  divid- 
ing lines,  decreased  in  population.  Of  these  89  towns,  2 
were  in  Essex,  9  in  Middlesex,  18  in  Worcester,  13  in 
Hampshire,  9  in  Hampden,  1.5  in  Franklin,  12  in  Berk- 
shire, 1  in  Norfolk,  7  in  Bristol,  2  in  Plymouth,  and  1  in 
Barnstable.  In  Franklin  county,  in  which  there  was  an 
aggregate  loss  of  818,  15  towns  out  of  26,  decreased,  and 
only  11  increased.  Of  these  11,  Orange  gained  by  the  an- 
nexation of  part  of  New  Salem,  while  there  was  a  gain  of 
only  37  in  the  aggregate  of  the  two  towns ;  two  gained 
only  1  each  ;  one,  17 ;  one,  27  ;  one,  45  ;  one,  53  ;  and  the 
four  others,  74,  94,  103  and  216  respectively.  The  gain  in 
these  11  towns  was  1,252,  to  which  add  818,  the  loss  in 
the  county,  and  we  have  2,070,  the  loss  in  the  15  towns  in 
Franklin.  The  increase  in  Worcester  county  was  only 
10,958,  while  that  of  the  12  manufacturing  towns,  in  Ta- 
ble Vn.  was  9,104,  and  that  of  the  town  of  Worcester  was 
3,324,  almost  one  third  of  the  whole  increase.  In  Hamp- 
shire the  increase  was  only  643,  there  being  a  loss  in  13 
out  of  23  towns,  of  1,153,  to  Avhich  add  643,  and  we  have 
1,796  as  the  gain  in  the  10  remaining  towns,  of  which 
Middlefield  and  South  Hadley  had  1,270.  In  Hampden 
the  increase  was  5,727,  but  the  gain  in  the  three  manufac- 
turing towns  of  Springfield,  Palmer  and  Westfield,was  5,689. 
Nine  out  of  the  IS  towns  decreased.  In  Berkshire  there 
was  an  increase  of  4.039,  there  being  a  loss  in  12  out  of 
28  towns.  In  Norfolk,  the  increase  was  11,168,  but  that 
in  Brookline,  Dorchester  and  Roxbury,  contiguous  to  Bos- 
ton, was  4,965,  to  which  add  3,215  for  Medway,  Milton, 
Randolph,  Stoughton,  Weymouth  and  Wrentham,  towns 
considerably  engaged  in  manufacturing,  and  we  have,  for 
the  increase  of  the  9  out  of  the  22  towns,  8,180,  which  is 
nearly  three-fourths  of  the  increase  of  the  whole  county. 


MANUFACTURING    AND    AQRICULTUKAL    TOWNS.  51 

in  Bristol  the  increase  was  10,573,  while  that  of  New  Bed- 
ford alone  was  4,495.  The  aggregate  increase  of  Fairha- 
ven,  Fall  River,  New  Bedford  and  Taunton,  towns  depen- 
dent on  manufactures  and  commerce,  was  9,595,  which  is 
nearly  as  great  as  that  of  the  whole  county.  In  Plymouth 
county  the  increase  was  4,329,  most  of  which  was  in  man- 
ufacturing towns.  The  increase  of  Barnstable  county  was 
4,034,  and  was  very  generally  distributed  through  the  sev- 
eral towns. 

Six  of  these  89  towns,  7iamehj :  Gloucester,  Rowley, 
Tewksbury,  Dudley,  Oxford  and  New  Salem,  obviously 
decreased,  in  consequence  of  setting  oft' part  of  their  territory 
to  other  towns  ;  and  of  the  remaining  S3,  it  can  hardly  be 
said  that  they  were  affected  in  this  way.  Besides  these 
89  towns,  there  were  215  towns  in  1830,  and  220  in  1840, 
which  increased.  But  the  increase  of  Weston,  Princeton, 
Shutesbury,  Wendell  and  Boston  Corner,  was  only  1  each ; 
and  several  other  towns  increased  less  than  20.  The  pop- 
ulation of  these  89  towns,  in  1830,  was  123,595,  and,  in 
1840,  111,783,  having  decreased  11,812,  or  9-55  per  cent. 
The  population  of  the  remaining  215  or  220  towns,  was 
486,813  in  1830,  and  625,917  in  1840,  having  increased 
139,104,  or  23-57 per  cefiL 

Some  towns,  without  suffering  any  change  in  their  boun- 
dary lines,  decreased  in  population  during  the  fifty  years 
from  1790  to  1840,  as  Marblehead,  Middleton,  Lincoln, 
Holland,  Leyden,  Shelburne,  Warwick,  Boston  Corner, 
and  Somerset ;  and  others,  in  which  the  alteration  of  the 
boundary  lines  seems  to  have  but  slightly  affected  the 
number  of  their  inhabitants,  remained  almost  stationary 
during  this  whole  period. 

We  have  designated  the  period  from  1790  to  1820  as 
especially  one  of  emigration  out  of  the  state.  This  emi- 
gration seems  to  have  continued  down  to  the  present  time, 
and  may,  in  some  degree,  be  indicated  by  the  singular 


52 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


fact  of  there  having  been  more  deaths  of  the  females  than 
of  the  males, — a  fact  which  cannot  be  regarded  as  acci- 
dental, as  it  has  happened  not  for  one  year  only,  but  for 
the  last  four  years, — according  to  the  returns  of  the  deaths 
from  the  several  towns  in  the  Commonwealth.  These  re- 
turns are  imperfect ;  but  we  may  suppose  that  the  deaths 
of  the  males  are  no  more  likely  to  be  omitted  than  those  of 
the  females.  The  following  table  shows  the  number  of 
deaths  during  the  four  years  next  preceding  May  1,  accord- 
ing to  the  returns. 


1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

Total. 

Males,  - 
Females, 
Not  stated,      - 

4,311 

4,576 

657 

4,771 

5,311 

602 

3,712 

4,173 

502 

4,040 

4,442 

160 

16,834 

18,502 

1,921 

Total, 

9,544 

10,684 

8,387 

8,642 

37,257 

These  37,257  deaths  are  exclusive  of  the  stillborn.  The 
proportion  of  the  deaths  of  the  females  specified  to  that  of 
the  males,  was  as  100  to  90-98,  while  the  proportion  of  the 
female  to  the  male  births,  for  the  two  years  next  preceding 
May  1,  1845,  was  as  100  to  103-79,  which  is  not  materi- 
ally different  from  the  proportion  of  the  births  of  the  two 
sexes  observed  in  other  countries.  For  the  first  of  these 
two  years  the  proportion  was  as  100  to  105-07,  and  for  the 
second  as  100  to  102-62. 

We  have  no  means  of  determining  the  number  of  those 
who  have  in  successive  years  left  this  Commonwealth,  and 
sought  their  fortune  by  emigrating  elsewhere.  We  have 
no  doubt  that  many  of  both  sexes  have,  from  year  to  yeai^ 
especially  during  the  first  half  of  the  fifty  years  from  1790, 
Neither  can  we  determine  the  number  of  those  who  have 
rome  from  other  states  and  foreign  countries,  and  settled  in 


RANGES    OF    TOWNS.  53 

this  Commonwealth.  Our  pilgrim  fathers  were  foreigners, 
and  have  been  joined  by  others,  from  time  to  time,  during 
the  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  years  since  the  first  land- 
ing at  Plymouth.  The  records  which  have  been  preserved 
of  these  immigrants  will  not  enable  us  to  determine  how 
much  we  are  indebted  for  the  amount  of  the  population,  at 
the  date  of  either  of  the  censuses,  to  the  foreigners  who 
have  settled  here.  There  is  abundant  evidence  that  large 
numbers  of  those  born  elsewhere  have  been,  from  the  first, 
among  the  inhabitants  of  this  state  ;  and  at  this  time  their 
proportion  to  the  native  population,  is  probably  as  great  as 
it  is  generally  in  the  United  States,  whether  that  propor- 
tion be  an  eighth  or  a  tenth  part  of  the  whole  population. 

In  the  next  table  are  exhibited  the  309  towns  and  dis- 
tricts of  Massachusetts,  as  incorporated  in  1840,  with  the 
population  within  their  respective  limits,  according  to  the 
seven  censuses,  in  circular  ranges  of  Jive  miles  each,  meas- 
ured on  the  small  map  accompanying  the  State  Map,  pub- 
lished in  1844,  by  radial  distances,  in  straight  lines  from 
Boston,  as  a  common  centre  to  the  territorial  centres  of  the 
towns.  The  order  of  the  towns  in  the  ranges,  begins  at  the 
north  easterly  part  of  the  state,  and  sweeps  westerly 
through  the  several  towns.  The  first  column  contains  the 
names  of  the  towns,  the  second  the  year  of  their  incorpo- 
ration, the  third  their  distances  in  miles  from  Boston,  and 
the  seven  following  columns  their  pojpnlation  according  to 
the  seven  censuses.  Against  the  towns  are  included  the 
number  of  inhabitants  enumerated  as  belonging  to  gores 
and  unincorporated  tracts,  which  were  afterwards  annexed 
to  the  towns  respectively ;  and  in  case  of  the  annexation 
being  made  to  more  than  one  town,  the  population  is  added 
to  the  most  populous  town. 

The  population  in  the  census  of  1790,  for  the  16  towns 
substituted  for  that  of  1765  not  returned,  is  included  in  a 
parenthesis. 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  VIII. — Exhibiting  the  Population  of  the  Towns  in  Massachusetts,  the 
dates  of  their  Incorporation,  their  Distances  in  miles,  from  Boston,  and  their 
Population  according  to  seven  Censuses,  by  Ranges. 


TOWNS 

Incor. 
1630 

Q 

POPULATION. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Boston,    - 

15,520 

18,320 

24,937 

33,787 

43,298!  61,392]  93,383 

First  Range- 

—Containing  7  Towns  contiguou 

s  to  Boston  : 

Chelsea,   - 

1739 

4 

•  462 

472 

849 

594 

642 

771 

2,390 

Charlestown,    - 

1629 

1 

2,031 

1,583 

2,751 

4,959 

6,591 

8,783 

11,484 

Cambridge, 

1633 

3 

1,571 

2,115 

2,453 

2,323 

3,295 

6,072 

8.409 

Brighton, 

1807 

5 

. 

. 

. 

608       702 

972 

1,425 

Brookline, 

1686 

5 

338 

484 

605 

784!       900 

1,043 

1,365 

Roxbury, 

1630    3 

1,487 

2,226 

2,765 

3,669    4,135 

5,247 

9,089 

Dorchester, 

1630i  4 

1,360 

1,722 

2,347 

2,930    3,684 

4,074 

4,875 

Total, 

7,249 

8,602!  11,770  15,867  19,949 

26,962 

39,037 

Second  Range — Containing  16  other  Towns  not  exceeding 

10  miles  from  Boston  : 

Lynn, 

1 
1637]  9 

2,198 

2,291 

2,837 

4,087 

4,515 

6,138 

9,367 

Saiigus,    - 

1815!  9 

- 

- 

- 

- 

748 

960 

1,098 

South  Reading, 

1812  10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,311 

1,517 

Stoneham, 

1725,  9 

340 

381 

380 

467 

615 

732 

1,017 

Maiden,   - 

1649 

5 

983 

1,033 

1,059 

1,384 

1,731 

2,010 

2,514 

Medford,  - 

1630 

5 

790 

1,029 

1,114 

1,443 

1,474 

1,755 

2,478 

Wobiirn,  - 

1642 

9 

1,515 

1,727 

1,228 

1,219 

1,519 

1,977 

2,993 

W.  Cambridge, 

1807 

6 

. 

. 

. 

971 

1,061 

1,230 

1,363 

Lexington, 

171310 

912 

941 

1,006 

1,052 

1,200 

1,543 

1,642 

Waltham, 

1738    9 

663 

882 

903 

1,014 

1,677 

1,857 

2,504 

Watertown, 

1630 

6 

693 

1,091 

1,207 

1,531 

1,518 

1,611 

1,810 

Newton,  - 

1691 

7 

1,308 

1.360 

1,491 

1,709 

1,850 

2,376 

3,351 

Dedham,  - 

1636 

10 

1,909 

.  1,659 

1,973 

2,172 

2,493 

3,117 

3,290 

Milton, 

1662 

8 

943 

1,039 

1,143 

1,264 

1,502 

1,576 

1,822 

Quincy,    - 

1792 

8 

- 

- 

1,081 

1,281 

1,623 

2,201 

3.486 

Hull, 

1644 

7 

170 

120 

117 

139 

172 

198 

231 

Total, 

- 

- 

12,424 

13,553 

15,539 

19,733 

23,701 

30,622 

40,483 

Third  Range — Containing  19  Towns  over  10  and  not  exceeding  15  miles : 


Marblehead,     - 

1649  13'    4,954 

5,661 

5,211 

5,900 

5,630 

5,149 

5,575 

Salem, 

1629  121    4,427 

7,921 

9,457 

12,613 

12,731 

13,895 

15,082 

Danvers,  - 

1757  13,    2,133 

2,425 

2,643 

3,127 

3,646 

4,228 

5,020 

Lynnfield, 

1782 12       - 

491 

468 

509 

596 

617 

707 

Reading,  - 

1644  13]    1,530 

1,802 

2,025 

2,228 

2,797 

1,806 

2,193 

RANGES    OF    TOWNS. 


56 


aj 

POPULATION. 

■ 

TOWN& 

Incor. 

c 

a 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1S20 

1830 

1840 

Wilmington,     - 

1730 

15 

673 

710 

797 

716 

786 

7311 

859 

Burlington, 

1799 

12 

- 

- 

534 

471 

508 

446 

510 

Bedford,  - 

1729 

15 

457 

523 

538 

592 

648 

685 

929 

Lincoln,   - 

1754 

13 

649 

740 

756 

713 

706 

709. 

686 

Weston,   - 

1713 

12 

768 

1,010 

1,027 

1,008 

1,041 

1.091 

1,092 

Wavland, 

1780 

15 

- 

801 

835 

824 

962 

944 

998 

Needham, 

1711 

11 

945 

1,130 

1,072 

1,097 

1,227 

1,418| 

1,488 

Dover, 

1784  14 

- 

485 

511 

548 

548 

497 1 

520 

Canton,    - 

1797  12 

- 

- 

1,110 

1.353 

1,268 

1,515 

1,995 

Randolph, 

1793  14 

- 

- 

1,021 

1,170 

1,546 

2,200 

3,213 

Braintree 

1640 

11 

2,433 

2,771 

1,285 

1,351 

1,466 

1,758' 

2,168 

Weymouth, 

1635 

13 

1,258 

1,469 

1,803 

1,889 

2,407 

2,837, 

3,738 

Hingham, 

1635 

13 

2,467 

2,085 

2,112 

2,382 

2,857 

3.387 

3,564 

Cohasset, 

1770 

14 

- 

817 

849 

994 

1,099 

1,233 

1,471 

Total, 

- 

- 

22,694 

30,841 

34,054 

39,485 

42,469 

45,146!  51,808 

Fourth  Range — Containing  21  Towns  over  15  and  not  exceeding  20  miles  : 


Beverly    - 
Wenham, 
Topsfield, 
Middleton, 
Aiidover, 
Tewksbury, 
Billerica,  - 
Cariisle,    - 
Concord,  - 
Sudbuiy,  - 
Framingham,  - 
Natick,     - 
Sherburne, 
Medfieid,  - 
Walpole,  - 
Sharon,    - 
Stoughton, 
N.  Bridgewater, 
Abington, 
Hanover. 
Scituate,  - 

Total, 


1668 
1643 
1650 
1728 
1643 
1734 
1655 
1S05 
1635 
1639 
1700 
1781 
1674 
1651 
1724 
1765 
1726 
1821 
17121 
1627: 


2,164 
564 
719 
581 

2,442 
781 

1,334 

1,564 
1,773 
1,305 
474 
670 
628 
785 

2,321 


1,263 
(1,084) 
1636  18    2,488 


3,290 

'502 

780 

682 

2,863 

958 

1,191 

555 

1,590 

1,290 

1,598 

615 

801 

731 

1,005 

1,034 

1.994 


3,881 

476 

789 

598 

2,941 

944 

1,383 

634 

1,679 

1,303 

1,625 

694 

775 

745 

989 

1,018 

1,020 


1,4531  1,623 
1.084  958 
2,856    2,728 


4,608 

554 

815 

541 

3,164 

943 

1,289 

672 

1,633 

1,287 

1,670 

766 

770 

786 

1,098 

1,000 

1,134 

1.704' 
l,17l' 
2,969 


4,283 

572 

866 

596 

3,889 

1,0081 

1,380 

681 

1,788 

1,477 

2.037 

849 

811 

892 

1,366 

1.010 

1,313 

1.480 

1,920 

1.211 

3.305 


22,940i  26,S72|  26,803  28,574,  32,674 


4,073 

611 

1,010 

607 

4,530 

1,52 

1,374 

566 

2,017 

1,423 

2.313 

890 

899 

817 

1,442 

1,023 

1.591 

1,953 

2.423 

1,303 

3,468 


4,689 

689 

1,059 

657 

5,207 

906 

1,632 

556 

1.784 

1,422 

3,030 

1,285 

995 

883 

1,491 

1,076 

2,142 

2,616 

3,214 

1,488 

3,886 


35,860l  40,707 


Fifth  Range — Containing  29  Toutis  over  20  and  not  exceeding  25  miles  : 


Gloucester, 
Manchester, 
Essex, 
Hamilton, 


-  1639 

-  1645 

-  1819 

-  1793 


25 

3,763 

5,317 

5,313 

5,943 

6,384 

21 

732 

965 

1,082 

1,137 

1,201 

23 

. 

. 

. 

. 

1,107 

21 

- 

749 

780 

802 

7,510 
1,236 
1,333 

748 


6,350 

1,355 

1,450 

818 


56 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TOWNS. 

Incor. 

c 

POPULATION. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Ipsmch,   - 

1634 

25 

3,743 

4,562 

3,305 

3,569 

2,553 

2,949 

3,000 

Georgetown,     - 

1838  25 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,540 

Boxford,  - 

1685,24 

851 

925 

852 

880 

906 

935 

742 

Lowell,     - 

182622 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6,474 

20,796 

Chelmsford, 

1655  23 

1,012 

1,144 

1,290 

1,396 

1,535 

1,387 

1,697 

Westford, 

1729  25 

962 

1,229 

1,267 

1,330 

1,409 

1,329 

1,436 

Littleton, 

1715'25 

773 

854 

904 

773 

955 

947 

927 

Boxborough,     - 

1783 

25 

- 

412 

387 

388 

424 

474 

426 

Acton, 

1735 

21 

611 

853 

901 

885 

1,047 

1,128 

1,121 

Stow, 

1683 

23 

794 

801 

890 

885 

1,071 

1,220 

1,230 

Marlborough,  - 

1660 

24 

1,287 

1,554 

1,735 

1,674 

1,952 

2,077 

2,101 

Southborough,  - 

1727 

24 

731 

837 

871 

926 

1,030 

1,080 

1,145 

Hopkinton, 

1715 

25 

1,027 

1,317 

1,372 

1,345 

1,655 

1,809 

2,245 

Holliston, 

1724 

22 

705 

875 

783 

989 

1,042 

1,304 

1,782 

Medway, 

1713 

22 

785 

1,035 

1,050 

1,213 

1,523 

1,756 

2,043 

Franklin, 

1778 

25 

- 

1,101 

1,285 

1,398 

1,630 

1,662 

1,717 

Wrentham, 

1673 

23 

2,022 

1,767 

2,061 

2,478 

2,801 

2,698 

2,915 

Foxborough,     - 

1778 

22 

- 

674 

779 

870 

1,004 

1,165 

1,298 

Mansfield, 

1770 

25 

- 

983 

1,016 

1,030 

1,222 

1,172 

1,382 

Easton,    - 

1725 

22 

837 

1,466 

1,550 

1,557 

1,803 

1,756 

2,074 

"W.  Bridge  water, 

1822 

22 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,055 

1,042 

1,201 

E.  Bridgewater, 

1823 

23 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,435 

1,653 

1,950 

Hanson,  - 

1820 

23 

- 

. 

- 

917 

1,030 

1,040 

Pembroke, 

1712 

25 

1,409 

1,954 

1,943 

2,051 

1,297 

1,325 

1,258 

Marshfield, 

1641 

23 

1,147 

1,269 

1,256 

1,364 

1,532 

1,565 

1,761 

Total, 

- 

^ 

23,191 

31,894 

32,641 

34,861 

41,292 

50,764 

69,000 

Sixth  Range — Containing  26  Towns  over  25  and  not  exceeding  30  miles 


Rockport, 

1840 

30 

2,650 

Rowley,   - 

1639 

27 

1,477 

1,772 

1,577 

1,682 

1,825 

2,044 

1,203 

Newbury, 

1635 

30 

2,960 

3,972 

4,076 

5,176 

3,671 

3,603 

3,789 

West  Newbury, 

1819 

30 

- 

. 

- 

. 

1,279 

1,586 

1,560 

Bradford, 

1675 

28 

1,125 

1,371 

1,420 

1,369 

1,600 

1,856 

2,222 

Haverhill, 

1643 

30 

1,980 

2,408 

2,730 

2,682 

3,070 

3,896 

4,336 

Methuen, 

1725 

27 

933 

1,297 

1,253 

1,181 

1,371 

2,006 

2,251 

Dracut,     - 

1702 

26 

(1,217) 

1,217 

1,274 

1,301 

1,407 

1,615 

2,188 

Tyngsborough, 

1789 

28 

382 

696 

704 

808 

822 

870 

Groton,     - 

1655 

30 

1,423 

1,840 

1,802 

1,886 

1,897 

1,925 

2,139 

Harvard,  - 

1732 

29 

1,126 

1,387 

1,319 

1,431 

1,597 

1,600 

1,571 

Bolton,     - 

1738 

28 

925 

861 

945 

1,037 

1,229 

1,253 

1,186 

BerUn, 

1784 

28 

. 

512 

590 

591 

625 

692 

763 

Northborough, 

1766 

30 

. 

619 

698 

794 

1,018 

992 

1,248 

Westborough,  - 

1717 

29 

1,110 

934 

922 

1,048 

1,326 

1,438 

1,658 

Upton, 

1735 

30 

614 

833 

854 

995 

1,088 

1,167 

1,466 

Milford,   - 

1780 

27 

- 

839 

907 

973 

1,160 

1,360 

1,773 

Bellingham, 

1719 

28 

468 

735 

704 

766 

1,034 

1,102 

1,055 

Norton,    ■ 

1711 

28 

1,942 

1,428 

1,481 

1,598 

1,600 

1,479 

1,545 

RANGES    OF    TOWNS. 


St 


TOWNS. 

c 

POPULATION. 

Incor. 

2 

a 

171)5 

1790 

1800 

1810      1820 

1830 

1840 

Taunton, 

1639  30 

2,735 

3,804 

3,860 

3,907i    4,520 

6,042     7,645 

Raynham, 

173128 

687 

1.094 

1,181 

1,154     1,071 

1,208     1,329 

Bridgewater,     - 

165tJl27 

3,942 

4,975 

5,200 

5,157     1,700 

1,855    2,131 

Halifax,    - 

1734127 

556 

664 

642 

703       749       708|       734 

Plvmpton, 

1707130 

1,390 

956 

861 

900       930t       920:       834 

Kin°;ston, 

1726i30 

759 

1,004 

1,037 

1,137!    1,313!    1,321!    1,440 

Duxbury, 

I637i27 

1,050 

1,454 

1,664     2,201'    2,403    2,716    2,798 

Total, 

-      - 

28,419  36,358i  37,673  40,373^  40,29ll  45,206i  52,38-1 

Seventh  Ranne — Containinf?  17  Towns  over  30  and  not  exceeding  35  miles  : 


Newburyport,  - 

1764  31 

2.882 

4,837 

5,946 

7,634 

6,852 

6,375 

7,161 

Salisbury 

163935 

1,329 

1,780 

1,855 

2,047 

2,006 

2,519 

2,739 

Amesbnry, 

166832 

l,5ti7 

1,801 

1,757 

1,890 

1,956 

2.445 

2,471 

Dunstable, 

1673  32 

559 

3Su 

485 

475 

584 

593 

603 

Pepperell, 

1753:35 

758 

1,132 

1,198 

1.333 

1,439 

1,440 

1,571 

Shirley,    - 

1753  33 

430 

677 

713 

814 

922 

991 

957 

Lancaster, 

165332 

1,999 

1,460 

1,584 

1,694 

1,862 

2,014 

2,019 

Boylston, 

17S6  33 

. 

839 

1,058 

800 

902 

820 

797 

Shrewsbury, 

1727  32 

1,401 

963 

1,048 

1,210 

1,458 

1,386 

1.481 

Grafton,    - 

1735  33 

763 

872 

985 

946 

1.154 

1,889 

2,943 

Northbridge,     - 

1772  34 

. 

569 

544 

713 

905 

1,053 

1,449 

Uxbridge, 

1727  35 

1,213 

1,308 

1,404 

1,404 

1,551 

2,086 

2,00  4 

Mendon,  - 

1667  32 

1,838 

1,555 

1,628 

1,819 

2,254 

3,152 

3,524 

Atlleborough,   - 

1694  31 

1,739 

2,166 

2,480 

2,716 

3,055 

3,215 

3,585 

Berkley,  - 

1735  35 

659 

850 

1,013 

1,014 

1,060 

907 

886 

Middleborough, 

1669:34 

3,412 

4,526 

4,458 

4,400 

4,687 

5,008 

5,085 

Carver,     - 

1790  35 

- 

847 

863 

858 

839 

970 

995 

Total, 

-      - 

20,549 

26,5621 

29,019 

31,767 

33,486 

36,863 

40,270 

Eighth  Range — Containing  16  Towns  over  35  miles  and  not  exceeding  40  miles ; 


Town  send, 

1732 

39 

598 

993 

1,149 

1,246 

1,482 

1,506 

1.892 

Lunenburg, 

1728 

38 

821 

1,277 

1,243 

1,371 

1,209 

1,317 

1.272 

Leominster, 

1740 

38 

743 

1,216 

1,486 

1,584 

1,790 

1,930 

2,069 

Sterhng,  - 

1781 

37 

- 

1,428 

1,614 

1,472 

1,710 

1,794 

1,647 

West  Boylston, 

1808 

37 

- 

- 

632 

886 

1,055 

1.187 

Holden,    - 

1741 

40 

495 

1,077 

1,142 

1,072 

1,402 

1,719 

1 .874 

Worcester, 

1684 

38 

1,478 

2,095 

2,411 

2,577 

2,962 

4,173 

7.497 

Millbury, 

1813 

38 

- 

- 

. 

- 

926 

1,611 

2,171 

Sutton,     - 

1715 

38 

2,138 

2,642 

2,513 

2,660 

2,056 

2,186 

2,370 

Douglas,  - 

1746 

40 

521 

1,079 

1,083 

1,112 

1,375 

1,742 

1,617 

Pawtucket, 

1828 

36 

. 

- 

. 

. 

1,459 

2,184 

Seekonk,  - 

1812 

39 

. 

. 

. 

- 

2,775 

2,133 

1,996 

Eehoboth, 

1645 

36 

3,690 

4.710 

4,743 

4,866 

2,710 

2,459 

2,l()9 

Dighton,  - 

1712 

36 

1,174 

1,793 

1 ,666 

■ 

1,059 

1 ,007 

i  ,723 

i,;i:s 

POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TOWN& 

Incor. 

c 
O 

POPULATION. 

1765      1790 

1800 

1810      1820 

1830 

1840 

Freetown, 
Plymouth, 

1683 
1620 

40 
40 

1,4921    2,202 
2,177     2,995 

2,535     l,878i    1,863     1,909     1,772 
3,524    4,228    4,348    4,758    5,281 

Total, 

15,3271  23,507 

25,109  26,387  29,131133,474  38,376 

Ninth  Range — 

Containing  16  Towns  over  40  and  not  exceeding  45  miles  : 

Ashby, 

1767 

44 

. 

751 

941 

1,103 

1,188 

1,240 

1,246 

Fitchburg, 

1764 

41 

259 

1,165 

1,390 

1,566 

1,736 

2,169 

2,604 

AVestminster,    - 

1759 

44 

468 

1,176 

1,369 

1,419 

1,634 

1,696 

1,645 

Princeton, 

1759 

42 

284 

1,042 

1,021 

1,062 

1,261 

1,346 

1,347 

Kiilland,  - 

1714 

45 

1,090 

1,072 

1,202 

1,231 

1,262 

1.276 

1,260 

Paxton,    - 

1765 

43 

. 

558 

582 

619 

613 

597 

670 

Leicester, 

1714 

43 

770 

1,076 

1,103 

1,181 

1,252 

1,782 

1,707 

Auburn,  - 

1778 

41 

. 

473 

532 

540 

608 

690 

649 

Oxford,     - 

1713 

42 

890 

1,237 

1,237 

1,277 

1,562 

2,034 

1,742 

Webster,  - 

1832 

44 

- 

. 

. 

- 

- 

1,403 

Swansey, 

1667 

42 

1,840 

1,784 

1,741 

1,839 

1,933 

1,678 

1,484 

Somerset, 

1790 

42 

. 

1,151 

1,232 

1,199 

1,116 

1,023 

1,005 

Fall  River, 

1803 

43 

- 

- 

- 

1,296 

1,594 

4,158 

6,738 

New  Bedford,  - 

1787 

45 

- 

3,313 

4,361 

5,651 

3,947 

7,592 

12,087 

Rochester, 

1686 

45 

1,939 

2,644 

2,546 

2,954 

3,034 

3.556 

3,864 

Wareham, 

1739 

44 

503 

854 

770 

851 

952 

1,885 

2,002 

Total, 

- 

8,043 

18,296 

20,027 

23,788 

23,692 

32,722 

41,453 

Tenth  Range — 

Containing  12  Towns  over  45  and  not  exceeding  50  miles  : 

Ashburnham,   - 

1765 

48 

(951) 

951 

994 

1,036 

1,230 

1,402 

1,652 

Gardner,  - 

1785 

49 

531 

667 

815 

911 

1,023 

1,260 

Hubbardston,   - 

1767 

48 

. 

933 

1,113 

1,127 

1,367 

1,674 

1,784 

Oakham,  - 

1762 

49 

270 

772 

801 

848 

986 

1,010 

1,038 

Spencer,  - 

1753 

47 

664 

1,322 

1,432 

1,453 

1,548 

1,618 

1,604 

Charleton, 

1754 

48 

739 

1,965 

2,120 

2,180 

2,134 

2,173 

2,117 

Dudley,     - 

1732 

48 

748 

1,114 

1,140 

1,226 

1,615 

2,155 

1,352 

AV^estport, 

1787 

50 

. 

2,466 

2,361 

2,585 

2,633 

2,779 

2,820 

Dartmouth, 

1664 

50 

4,506 

2,499 

2,660 

3,219 

3,636 

3,866     4,135 

Fairhaven, 

1812i48 

- 

. 

. 

. 

2,733 

3,034 

3,951 

Sandwich, 

1639 

50 

1,376 

1,991 

2,024 

2,382 

2,484 

3,361 

3,719 

Provincetown,  - 

1727 

47 

(454) 

454 

812 

936 

1,252 

1,710 

2,122 

Total, 

- 

- 

9,708 

14,998 

16,124 

17,807 

22,529 

25,805 

27,554 

Eleventh  Range — Containing  10  Towns  over  50  and  not  exceeding  55  miles  : 


"Winchendon,    - 

1764 

53 

(946) 

946 

1,092 

1,173 

1,263 

1,463 

1,754 

Teitipleton, 

1762 

53 

348 

950 

1,068 

1,205 

1,331 

1,552 

1,776 

riiillipslon, 

1786 

55 

. 

740 

802 

839 

916 

932 

919 

JJuiic, 

1753 

'y2 

731 

1,613 

1.937 

1,971 

2,077 

2,503 

2,751 

lUNii'F.S    OF    TOWNS. 


59 


6 

POPULATION. 

TOWNS. 

I 

c 

s 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

New  Braintree, 

1751 

54 

594 

939 

875 

912       888 

825 

752 

N.  Brookfield,  - 

181251 

- 

- 

- 

1,095 

1,241 

1,485 

Brookfield, 

1673  52 

1,811 

3,100 

3,284 

3,170    2,292 

2,342 

2,472 

Sturbridge, 

1738  54 

896 

1,768 

1,846 

1,927     1,633 

1,688 

2,005 

Southb  ridge,     - 

1816  51 

- 

. 

- 

1,066 

1,444 

2,031 

Truro,      - 

1709  54 

924 

1,103 

1,152 

1,209     1,241 

1,547 

1,920 

Total, 

- 

6,253 

11,249 

12,056 

12,406 

13,802 

15,537 

17,865 

Twelfth  Range- 

-Containing  13  Towns 

over  55  and  not  exceeding  60  miles : 

Royalston, 

1765 

60 

(1,130) 

1,130 

1,243 

1,415 

1,424 

1,493 

1,667 

Athol, 

1762 

60 

359 

848 

993 

1,041 

1,211 

1,325 

1,591 

Petersham, 

1754 

58 

707 

1,560 

1,794 

1,490 

1,623 

1,696 

1,775 

Dana, 

1801 

60 

- 

. 

625 

664 

623 

691 

Hardwick, 

1739 

58 

1,010 

1,725 

1,727 

1,657 

1,836 

1,885 

1,789 

Ware,       - 

1761 

60 

485 

773 

997 

996 

1,154 

2,045 

1,890 

Warren,   - 

1742 

58 

583 

899 

979 

1,014 

1,112 

1,189 

1,290 

Brimfield, 

1731 

60 

773 

1,211 

1,384 

1,325 

1,612 

1,599 

1,419 

Holland,  - 

1783 

59 

428 

445 

420 

453 

453 

423 

Falmouth, 

1686 

57 

1,063 

1,637 

1,882 

2,237 

2,370 

2,548 

2,589 

Marshpee, 

1763 

58 

108 

308 

155 

139 

150 

309 

Barnstable, 

1639 

58 

2,108 

2,610 

2,964 

3,646 

3,824 

3,974 

4,301 

Wellfleet, 

1763 

60 

917 

1,117 

1,207 

1,402 

1,472 

2,046 

2,377 

Total, 

- 

- 

9,243 

14,246 

15,770 

17,407 

18,905  20,878 

22,111 

Thirteenth  Range 

—Containing  11  Towns 

over  60  and  not  exceeding  65  miles  : 

Orange,    - 

1783 

^')5 

784 

766 

764 

829 

880 

1,501 

New  Salem, 

1753 

64 

375 

1,543 

1,949 

2,107 

2,146 

1,889 

1.305 

Prescott,  - 

1822  64 

. 

- 

- 

. 

758 

780 

Greenwich, 

1754  61 

434 

1,045 

1,460 

1,225 

778 

813 

824 

Enfield,    - 

1816 

64 

. 

. 

- 

873 

1,056 

976 

Palmer,    - 

1752 

63 

508 

809 

1,039 

1,114 

1,197 

1,237 

2,139 

Wales,      - 

1762  62 

574 

606 

774 

645 

683 

665 

686 

Yarmouth, 

1639;62 

1,740 

2,678 

1,727 

2,134 

2,232 

2,251 

2,554 

Dennis,     - 

1793 

63 

. 

. 

1,408 

1,739 

1,997 

2,317 

2,942 

Brewster,  - 

1803 

65 

. 

. 

. 

1,112 

1,285 

1,418 

1,522 

Eastham, 

1646 

(>5 

1,327 

1,834 

659 

751 

766 

970 

955 

Total, 

- 

- 

4,958 

9,299 

9,782 

11,591 

12,786 

14,254 

16,184 

Fourteenth  Range — Containing  15  Towns  over  65  and  not  exceeding  70  miles  : 


Warwick, 

1763 

68 

191 

1,246 

1,233 

1,227 

1,256 

1,150 

1,071 

Erving,    - 

1838 

70; 

. 

- 

- 

160 

331 

488 

309 

Wendell,  - 

1781 

68 

- 

519 

737 

983 

958 

874 

875 

Shutesbury, 

1761 

68 

330 

671 

930 

939 

1,029 

986 

987 

()0 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


!. 

POPULATION. 

TOWNS. 

IncorJ  i 

5 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Pelham,   - 

1743  68 

371 

1,040 

1,144 

1,185 

1,278 

904 

956 

Belcherto-\vn,    - 

1761  67 

418 

1,485 

1,878 

2,270 

2,426 

2,491 

2,554 

Ludlow,  - 

1774  70 

- 

5()0 

650 

730 

1,246 

1,327 

1,268 

Wilbraham, 

1763  70 

491 

1,555 

1,743 

1,776 

1,979 

2,034 

1,864 

Monson,  - 

1760  66 

389 

1,331 

1,635 

1,674 

2,126 

2,263 

2,151 

Chihnark, 

1714 

70 

663 

771 

800 

723 

695 

691 

702 

Tisbury,  - 

1671 

()8 

739 

1,142 

1,092 

1,202 

1,223 

1,317 

1,520 

Edgarton, 

1671 

70 

944 

1,352 

1,226 

1,365 

1,374 

1,509 

1,736 

Harwich, 

1694 

67 

1,681 

2,392 

2,857 

1,942 

1,980 

2,453 

2,930 

Chatham, 

1712 

70 

678 

1,140 

1,351 

1,334 

1,630 

2,130 

2.33-1 

Orleans,   - 

1797167 

- 

- 

1,095 

1,248 

1,343 

1,789 

1,974 

Total, 

- 

-1 

6,895 

15,207 

18,371 

18,7581  20,874 

22,406  23,231 

Fifteenth  Range — Containing  7  Towns 

over  70  and  not  exceeding  75  miles  : 

Northlield, 

171472 

415 

868i    1,047 

1,218 

1 
1,584     1,757     1,673 

Gill, 

179375 

. 

. 

700 

762 

800        864        798 

Montague, 

1753  74 

392 

906 

1  222 

934 

1,074     1,152     1,255 

Leverett,  - 

177472 

. 

524 

711 

769;       857;       939;       875 

Sunderland, 

1714|75 

(462) 

462 

537 

551|       597 

666       719 

Amherst,  - 

1759  72 

645 

1,233 

1,358 

1,469 

1,917 

2,631     2,550 

Granby,    - 

1768  73 

- 

596 

786 

850 

1,066 

1,064       971 

Total, 

1,914 

4,589 

6,361 

6,5531    7,895i    9,073|    8,841 

Sixteenth  Range- 

—Containing  9  Towns 

over  75  and  not  exceeding  80  miles : 

Bernardston,     - 

1762177 

230 

691 

780 

811 

912 

918'       992 

Greenfield, 

1753 

78 

368 

1,498 

1,254 

1,165 

1,361 

1,540'    1,756 

Deerfield, 

1682 

78 

737 

1,330 

1.531 

1,570 

1,868 

2.003i    1,912 

Whately,  - 

1771 

80 

. 

736. 

773 

891 

1,076 

1,111     1,072 

Hatfield,  - 

1670 

80 

803 

703 

809 

805 

823 

893       933 

Hadley,    - 

1661 

76 

573 

882 

1,073 

1,247|    1,461 

1,686     1,814 

South  Hadley,  - 

1753 

7S 

817 

759 

801 

902 

1,047 

1,185;    1,458 

Springfield, 

1646 

76 

2,755 

1,574 

2,312 

2,767 

3,914 

6,7&1  10,985 

Longmeadow,  - 

1783 

77 

- 

744 

973 

1,036 

1,171 

1,257!    1,270 

1      ' 

Total, 

- 

6,283 

8,917 

10,306 

11,194 

13,633 

17,3771  22,192 

Seventeenth  Range — Containing  8  Towns  over  80  and  not  exceeding  85  miles  ; 


Leyden,    - 

1784  82 

989     1,095 

1,009 

974 

796 

632 

Shelburne, 

1768  83 

- 

1,183     1,079 

961 

1,022 

995 

1,022 

Conway,  - 

1767  83 

. 

2,092     2,013 

1,784 

1,705 

1,563 

1,409 

Williamsburg,  - 

177184 

- 

1.049     1,176 

1,122 

1,087 

1,236 

1,309 

Northampton,  - 

1654  81 

1,285 

1,628     2,190 

2,631 

2,854 

3,613. 

3,750 

RANGES    OF    TOWXS. 


61 


TOWNS. 

Incor. 

~    1 

POPUr-ATION. 

1765  1  1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830      1840 

Easthampton,  - 
Southampton,  - 
AV.  Springfield, 

|1785 
Il753 

;i774 

1 

81j 
85 
82 

457 

437        829 

2,367 

586 

983 

2,835 

660        712        745        717 
1,171     1,160     1.244     1,157 
3,109     3,246    3,270     3,626 

Total, 

1     - 

- 

1,722  10,594!  ll,957i  12,147|  12,760l  13,462  13,622 

Eighteenth  Range — Containing  11  Towns  over  85  and  not  exceeding  90  miles 


Coleraine, 

1761186 

297 

1,417 

2,014 

2.016 

1,961 

1,877     1,971 

Buckland, 

177988 

- 

718 

1,041 

1,097 

1,037 

1,039     1,084 

Ashfield,  - 

1765'8S  (1,459; 

1,459 

1,741 

1,809 

1,748 

1,732     1,610 

Goshen,    - 

178i'87r    - 

681 

724 

652 

632 

617|       556 

Chesterfield, 

1762  89 

161 

1,183 

1,323 

1,408 

1,447 

1,416!    1,132 

Norwich,  - 

1773  90 

_ 

742 

959 

968 

849 

795 

750 

"Westhampton,  - 

1778  87 

. 

683 

756 

793 

896 

918 

759 

Montgomery,    - 

1780  89 

449 

560 

595 

604 

579 

740 

"Westfield, 

1669  87     1,324 

2,204 

2.185 

2,130 

2,668 

2,940 

3,526 

Southwick, 

177087 

. 

841 

867 

1.229 

1,255 

1,355 

1,214 

Nantucket, 

1687  90 

3,320 

4,620 

5,617 

6,807 

7,266 

7,202|    9,012 

Total, 

-1- 

6,561 

14,997 

17,787 

19,504 

20,363 

20,470;  22,351 

Nineteenth  Range — Containing  11  Towns  over  90  and  not  exceeding  95  miles 


Heath,      - 
Rowe, 
Charlemont, 
Hawley,  - 

Plainfield, 
Cummington, 
Worthington, 
Chester,  - 
Bland  ford, 
Russell,  - 
Granville, 

Total, 


1785191  . 

1785:95  - 

176593  (743)1 

1792  93'  -      I 
1785  93 

177993'  - 

1768:94:  - 
1765195(1,119) 

174195:  406 

179291'  - 

1754  95        682! 

I 


379 

443 

743 

539 

458 

873 

1,116 

1,119 

1,416 

1,979 


604 
575 

1,090 

878 

797 

985 

1,223 

1,542 

1,778 

431 

2,309 


917 

1,122 

839 

851 

1,107 

1,231 

1.031 

1,089 

977 

936 

1,009 

1,060 

1,391 

1,27( 

1.531 ;    1,526 

1,6131    1,515 

422 

491 

1,504!    1,643' 


1,199 
716 

1,194 
1,037 

984 
1,26J 
1.179 
1,407 
1.590 

507 
1,649 


895 

703 

1.127 

977 

910 

1,237 

1,197 

1,632 

1,127 

95.> 

1,114 


2,950;    9,065  12,212|  12,344  12,740:  12,723|  12,474 


Twentieth  Range — Containing  7  Towns  over  95  and  not  exceeding  100  miles  : 


Monroe.    - 

1822  100 

265 

282 

Florida,    - 

1805  100 

. 

. 

392 

431 

454! 

441 

Savoy, 

1797  100 

- 

430 

711 

852 

927| 

915 

Windsor,  - 

1771 100 

. 

916,       961 

1,108 

1,085 

1,042 

897 

Peru, 

1771  100 

. 

1,041     1,.361 

912 

748 

729 

576 

Middlefield,      - 

1783i  98 

. 

608        877 

822 

755 

720 

1,717 

Tolland,   - 

1810  100 

- 

- 

798 

692 

723 

627 

Total, 

-    1  - 

-     1    2,565|    3,629 

4,743 

4,563 

4,860 

5,455 

62 


POPrT,.\TIOX    OF  M-V.-iSAfin-^^ETTS. 


Tiveniy-fu-^t  Rangf.—Co\\\.vimms,  S  Tou-ns  over  100  and  not  exceeding  105 

miles  : 


TOV\T*fS 

POPULATION. 

a 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830  ]  1840 

Clarksburg,     - 
Adams,  - 
Cheshire, 
Dalton,   - 
Hinsdale, 
Becket,  - 
Otis, 
Sandisfield,     - 

1798 
1778 
1793 
1781 
1804 
1765 
1773 
1762 

105 
105 
105 
105 
102 
101 
102 
105 

(751) 
409 

2,465 

554 

751 

605 

1,742 

253 

L688 

1,325 

859 

930 
1,102 
1,857 

231 

1,763 
1,315 

779 

822 

1,028 

1.111 

1,795 

274 

1.836 

1,202 

817 

822 

984 

981 

1,646 

315       370 
2,649    3.703 
1,050       985 
827     1,255 
780        955 
1,063,    1,3-J2 
1,012'    1,177 
1,655     1,464 

Total,      - 

- 

1,160 

6,117 

8,014'    8,844 

8,562 

9,351  11,251 

Twenty-second  Range — Containing  6  Towns  over  105  and  not  exceeding  110 

miles : 


New  Ashford, 

1781 

110       -             460 

390 

411 

358 

285 

227 

Lanesborough, 

1765 

110(2,i42J    2,142 

1,443 

1,303 

1,319 

1,192 

1,140 

Washington,  - 

1777 

106       - 

588 

914 

942 

750 

701 

991 

Lee, 

1777 

109       - 

1,170;    1,267 

1,305 

1,384 

1,825 

2,428 

Tyringham,    - 

1762 

109       325 

1,397,    1,712 

1,689 

1,443 

1,350 

1,477 

N.  Marlboro', 

1759 

110'(1,550) 

1,550     1,848 

1,832 

1,668 

1,656 

1,682 

Total, 

- 

-       4,017     7,307i    7,574 

7,482 

6,922    7,009 

7,945 

Twenty-third  Range — Containing  7  Towns  over  110  and  not  exceeding  115 

miles  : 


Twenty-fourth  Range — Containing  4  Towns  over  115  and  not  exceeding  120 

miles : 


W.Slockbridge,  1774  117 
Alford,    -         -   1773|1I9 
Esremont,       -   17601120 
Sheffield,         -   1733117 

(759) 
1,073 

1,113 

577 

759 

1,899 

1,002  1,049  1,034  1,209 
518  522  570  512 
835'       790|       865       890 

2,050     2,439    2,476    2,382 

1,448 

481 

1,038 

2,322 

'J'otal.       -  !     -    1  - 

1,832 

4,348 

4,405.    4,800     4.915     4.993 

5,289 

RANGES    OF    TOWNS.  63 

Twenty-fifth  Range — Containing  2  Towns  over  120  miles  : 


TOWNS. 

Incor. 

1 
S 

POPULATION. 

1765 

1790 

1800      1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Mt.Washingt'n, 
Boston  Corner, 

1779 

1838 

123 
125 

261 

()7 

291 

474 

467 
92 

345 
64 

438 
65 

Total, 

328 

29 1|       474 

559 

409 

5G3 

RECAPITULATION 

Of  the  Population  of  the  Ton-ns,  and  of  their  Distances  from  Boston,  together 
with  their  Proportion  of  the  Population  to  the  rvhole  Population  of  the  State, 
in  1765,  1790  and  1840,  bi/  Eanges  of  5  miles. 


c 

POPULATION. 

Proportion  to  whole 

Distance 

Population  per  cent. 

Ranges. 

H 

1 

Boston. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1765 

1790 

1840 

Boston, 

1 

15,.520 

18,320 

24,937  33,787 
11,770  15,867 

43,298 

61,392 

93,333: 

6-35 

4^&4 

12-66 

1st  Ran. 

7 

1  to  5 

7,249 

8,602 

19,949 

26,962 

39,0371 

2-97 

2-27 

5-29 

2d      " 

16 

5—10 

12,424 

13,.553  15,539|  19,733 

30,841  .34,054' 39,485 

23,701 

30,622 

40,483' 

5-09 

3^5<> 

5-49 

3d      " 

19 

10—15 

22,694 

42,469 

45,146 

51,8081 

9-29 

8'14 

7-02 

4th    " 

21 

15—20 

22,940 

26,872  26,803,  28,574 

.32,674 

35,860 

40,707! 

9-40 

7-09 

5-52 

5th    " 

29 

20—25 

23,191 

31, 894!  32,641 1. 34,561 

41,292 

50,764 

69,0001 

9-50 

8-42 

9-35 

6lh    " 

26 

25—30 

28,419 

.36,358,. 37,673: 40,373 

40,291 

45,206 

52,3841 

11-64 

9-60 

710 

7th    " 

17 

30—35 

20,549 

26,562:29,019  31,767 

33.486 

.36,863 

40,270 

8-42 

7-01 

5-46 

8th    " 

16 

35-40 

15,327 

23,507125,109  26,387 

29,131 

33,474 

38,.376 

6-28 

6^21 

5-20 

9th    " 

16 

40-45 

8,043 

18,296:20,027  23,783 

23,692 

32,722 

41,453i 

3-29 

4-83 

5-62 

10th  " 

12 

45—50 

9,708 

14,998 

16,124;  17,807 

22,529 

25,805 

27,5.54 

3-98 

396 

374 

nth  •' 

10 

50—55 

6,253 

11,249 

12,056j  12,406 

13,802 

15,.5.37 

17,865 

2-56 

2^96 

2-42 

12th  " 

13 

55—60 

9,243 

14,246 

15,770 

17,407 

18,905 

20,876 

22.111 

3-79 

377 

3^00 

13th  " 

11 

60—65 

4,958 

9,299 

9,782 

11,591 

12,786 

14,2.54 

16,184 

2-03 

2-45 

219 

14th  " 

15 

G.J— 70 

6,895 

15,207 

18,371 

18,758 

20,874 

22,406 

23,231 

2-82 

4-02 

315 

15th  •' 

7 

70—75 

1,914 

4,589 

6,361 

6,553 

7,895 

9,073 

8,841 

■78 

1-21 

120 

16th  " 

9 

75—80 

6,283 

8,917 

10,306 

11,194 

13,6.33 

17,377 

22,192 

2-.57 

2-35 

301 

17th  " 

8 

80— .S5 

1,722 

iO.594 111,957 

12.4471  12,760 

13,462 

13,622 

•71 

2-80 

1-84 

18th  " 

11 

S.'S— 90 

6,561 

14,997 

17,787 

19,504;  20,363 

20.470 

22,:554 

2-69 

3  96 

3-03 

19lh  " 

11 

90—95 

2,950 

9,065 

12,212 

12,344, 12,740 

12,723 

12,474 

1-21 

2-39 

1-69 

2t)th  " 

7 

9^3—100 

2,.%5 

3,629 

4,743 

4,563 

4,860 

5,4.55 

•68 

•74 

21st   " 

8 

I0(}— 105 

1,160 

6,117 

8,014 

8,844 

8,562 

9,351 

11,251 

•47 

V%2 

1.53 

22d     " 

6 

105—110 

4,017 

7,307 

7,.574 

7,482 

6.922 

7,009 

7.945 

r65 

1-93 

107 

23d     " 

7 

110—115 

4.297 

10,156 

10,6:34 

ll,064i  11,466 

12,792 

13,928 

1^76 

2'G8 

1-89 

24ih  " 

4 

115—120 

1,832 

4,348 

4,405 

4,800t   4,945 

4.99.J 

5,289 

•75 

114 

•72 

25th  " 

2 

120-125 

- 

328 

291 

474       5.59 

409 

503 

■m 

-07 

Total, 

309 

244149 

378787 

422845 

472040  523287 

610408 

7.37700 

100^ 

100- 

100- 

It  will  be  perceived  that  the  proportion  of  the  population  in  the  ranges  was  very  different  at 
the  three  dates  specified  in  the  Recapitulation.  That  of  Boston  in  1765  was  one  and  a  half  jur 
cent,  greater  than  in  1790.  In  1840  it  was  nearly  double  what  it  was  in  1765  and  nearly  three 
times  what  it  was  1790.  The  proportion  in  the  ranges  of  contiguous  towns  was  nearly  the  same 
at  the  first  two  dates,  and  nearly  double  at  the  last.  In  the  2d  range  it  was  nearly  the  same  at 
the  extreme  dates,  but  much  le.ss  in  1790.  In  the  3d  range  it  decreased  during  each  period,  and 
in  the  4th,  still  more.  In  the  .5111  it  was  nearly  the  same  at  the  three  dates.  In  the  6th,  7lh  and 
8th  it  decreased,  and  in  the  9th,  increased,  during  each  period.  In  the  Uth,  r2th,  13lh,  14th, 
15th  and  16th  it  varied  but  little  at  the  three  dates.  In  the  17th,  18th  and  19th  it  was  greater 
in  1790  than  in  1765  or  181:0.  In  the  20th  and  2I.st  it  increased,  aud  in  the  'i2A,  23d  and  21th, 
Wd3  nearly  stationary,  and  in  tho  2jlh.  slightly  increased. 


64 

POPULATION 

OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

TABLE  IX  :  Pakt  I.— Exhibiting  the  Topvlation  of  Massachusetts  and  its  Increase  in  25  years, fm\ 

ii 

17i;5 

to  1790,  and  in  each  Decennial  Period  from  1790  to  J 

840,  together  n-ith  the  Proportion  pt\ 

\¥ 

Raugea. 

G 
1 

Distance 
from 

Census. 

Increase  in  25  yrs. 

Census. 

Increase  in  10  yrs. 

Census. 

Increase  in  10  yrs. 

Census 

* 

Boston, 
in  miles. 

1765 

Ami.    1  Per  ct. 

1790 

Ami. 

Per  ct. 

1800 

Ami. 

Per  cl. 

1810 

" 

Boston 

1|         -           - 

15.520 

2,800     18-02  18,320 

6,617 

36-11 

24,937 

8,850 

35-48 

33,78 

'-" 

Isi  R. 

7      1  to  5 

7;249 

1.353 

18-66     8,602 

3,168 

36-82 

11,770 

4,097 

34-80 

15,86 

) 

8i               5 

22,769 

4,153 

I8-24'  26,922 

9,785 

36-34 

36,707 

12,947 

35-27 

49,65 

2a 

l(j      5  to  10 

12,424 

1,129 

9081  13,553 

1,986 

14-65 

15,539 

4,194 

26-99 

19,73 

1 

24 

lOl 

35,193 

5,282 

1500 

40,475 

11,771 

29-08 

52,246 

17,141 

32-80 

69,38 

3d 

19 

10  to  151  22,694 

8,147 

35-89 

30,841 

3,213 

10-41 

34,054 

5,431 

15-91 

39,48 

) 

43 

15  57,887 

13,429 

23-29 

71,316 

14.984 

21-01 

86,300 

22,572 

26-15 

10887 

4  th 

21 

15  to  20 1  22,940 

3,932 

17-14 

26,872 

dec69 

—•25 

26,803 

1,771 

6-60 

28,57 

64             20'  80,827 

17,361 

21-47 

98,188 

14,915 

15-19 

113103 

24,343 

21-51 

13744 

.'')th 

20    20  to  25  23,191 

8,703 

37-53 

31,894 

747 

2-34 

32,641 

2,220 

6-80 

34,86 

93             25104018 

26,064 

25-05 

130082 

15,662 

12-03 

145744 

26,563 

18-22 

17230 

1/ 

6th 

26   25  to  30  28,419 

7,939 

27  93 

36,358 

1,315 

3-61 

37,673 

2,700 

7-16 

40,37 

l^ 

) 

119:            30132437 

34,003 

25-67 

166440 

16,977 

10  20 

183417 

29,263 

15-95 

21268 

7lh 

17 

30  to  35  20,549 

6,013 

29-26 

26,562 

,    2,457 

921 

29,019 

2,748 

9-45 

31,76 

136 

35152986 

40,016 

26-15 

193002 

19,434 

1006 

212436 

32,011 

15-06 

24444 

cyi 

8th 

16 

35  to  40i  15,327 

8,180 

51-02 

23,507 

1,602 

6-81 

25,109 

1,278 

5-08 

26,38 

152 

40  168313 

48,196 

28-63 

216509 

21,036 

9-71 

237545 

32,289 

14-01 

27083 

9th 

16 

40  to  45 

8,043 

10,253 

127-47 

18,296 

1,731 

9-46 

20.027 

3,761 

18-77 

23,78 

168 

45 

176356 

58,449 

33-14 

234805 

22,767 

9-691257572 

37,050 

14-38 

29462 

10th 

12 

45  to  50 

9,708 

5,290 

54-49 

14,998 

'    1,126 

7-50 

16,124 

1,683 

10-43 

17,80 

180 

50 

186064 

63,739 

34-25 

249803 

23,893 

9-56 

273696 

38,733 

14-15 

31242 

;; 

nth 

10 

50  to  55 

6,253 

4,996 

79-89 

11,249 

807 

7-17 

12,056 

350 

2-90 

12,40 

190 

55 

192317 

68,735 

35-74 

261052 

24,700 

9-46 

285752 

39,083 

13-67 

32483 

12th 

13 

55  to  60 

9,243jl    5,003 

54-12 

14,246 

1,524 

10-69 

15,770 

1,637 

10-38 

17,40' 

" 

203 

60 

20156U 

73,738 

36-58  275298 

26,224 

9-52 

301522 

40,720 

13-50 

34224: 

J  3th 

11 

60  to  65 

4,958 

4,341 

87-55     9,299 

483 

5-19 

9,782 

1,809 

18-49|  11,59 

214 

65 

206518 

78,079 

37-80  284597 

26,707 

9-38 

311304 

42,529 

13-66:35383: 

Mth 

15 

05  to  70 

6,895 

8,312 

120-55  15,207 

3,164 

20-74 

18,371 

3871      2-15|  18,751 

229 

70 

2134131186,391 

40-48  299804 

29,871 

9-96 

329675 

42,916     13-0137259 

1.3th 

7|  70  to  75 

1,914't    2,675 

139-751    4,589 

1,772 

3861 

6,361 

192      3  01     6,55; 

236 

75 

215327;  189,066 

41-36  304393 

31,643 

10-39 

336036 

43,1081    12-82  37914- 

Kith 

9 

75  to  80 

6,283 

1   2,634 

41-93     8,917 

1,389 

15-57 

10,306 

888i     8-61  11.19- 

r 

245 

80 

221610 

91,700 

41-37313310 

33,032 

10-54 

346342 

43,9961    12  70  390331; 

* 
11 

I'th 

8 

80  to  85 

1,722 

8,872 

515-21'  10.594 

1,363 

12-86 

11,957 

490i     4-08  12,44' 

253 

85 

223332 

100572 

4503  323904 

34.395 

10-61 

358299 

44,486'    12-41  40278,' 

18th  1 

1] 

85  to  90 

6,561 

8,436 

128  •57;  14.997 

2,790 

19-93 

17,787 

1,717 

9-65  19,504 

1 

264 

90 

229893 

109008 

47-4l!338901 

37,185 

10-97 

376086 

46,203 

12-28  42228$ 

1 

:i 
I 

J  0th  \ 

11 

90  to  <I5 

2,950 

6,115 

207-281    9,065 

3,147 

34-71 

12  212 

132 

1-08  12,34^ 

) 

275 

95 

232843 

115123 

49-44'347966 

40,332 

11-59 

38'8298 

46,335 

11-93  43463: 

COth 

7 

95  to  100 

2,565 

-      1    2,565 

1,064 

41-48 

3,629 

1,114 

30-69     4,74; 

i 

282 

100 

232843 

117688 

50-54350531 

41,396 

11-80 

391927 

47,449 

12-10  43937f 

■ 

21st 

8 

100  tol05 

1,160 

4,957 

427-.32i    6,117 

1,897 

31-01 

8.014 

830j    10-35|   8,84* 

.1 

1? 
'1 

290 

105 

234003 

122615 

52-41  356648 

43,293 

1213 

399941 

48,2791    12-07;44822t 

22(1 

6 

105tol]0 

4,017 

3.290 

81-92'    7,307 

267 

3-65 

7.574 

dec92 

—1-21    7,48f 

296 

110 

23802(1 

125935 

52-90  363955 

43,560 

11-96 

407515 

48,187 

11-82  4557051 

23d 

7 

110toll5 

4,297 

5,859 

136-35  10,156 

478 

4-76 

10,634 

430 

4-04  11,06* 

'i 

303 

115 

242317 

131794 

54-38  374111 

44,038 

11-77 

418149 

48,617 

11-62  46676* 

1 

21th 

4,115  to  120 

1,832 

2,516 

137-33,    4,348 

57 

1-31 

4,405 

395 

8-96    4,80(1 

307            120 

244149 

134310 

55-01  378459 

44,095 

11-65 

422554 

49,012 

11-59,47156(1 

25th 

2,120tol25 

- 

328 

328 1    dec37 

-11-28 

291 

183 

1)2-88       47 

Total, 

309 

125 

249149 

1134638 

55-14  378787    11,058 

11-63'422815    49,195 

11-63  IVJO41 

"- 

INCREASE    IN    THE    RANGES. 


65 


.  »/  the  Population  in  each  Range  to  the  n-hole  number  in  the  State  in  17b5,  1790  and  1840, 
Parts  of  the  State  within  certain  Radial  Distances  from  Boston,  by  Ranges  of  5  miles. 


ease  in  10  yrs.  Census. 


Perct.  I    1820 


511 
082 
593 
968 
561 
934 
545 
100 
,645: 
431| 
076! 
■c82| 
994 1 
719; 
713' 

17441 
457j 
c96i 
3611 
722, 
083; 
396 1 
479; 
498; 
1(977i 
195 
172. 
116. 
288 
342 

(630 
439: 
069' 
313 
382 
859; 
2411 
396' 

1637 
180 
457 
282 
175 
560 
K615 
402 

^017 
145 

^162 
85 


28  14'  43,298' 
25-72'  19,9491 
27-37j  63,247 
20-10  23,701 
25-30  86.948 

7-55'  42,469 
18-87  129417: 
14-34  32,674i 
17-93  162091' 
18-44  41.2921 
lS-03  203383 
—•20  40,291' 
14-57  243674: 

5-41  33,486 
13-38  277160^ 
10-39  29,1311 
13-09|30629r 
—401  23,692 
12-00|329983 


Increase  in  lOyrs 


Per  ct. 


26-51 
12-82 
11-25 
12-76 
8-60 
1255 
10  30 
12-48 
11-28 
12-42 
20  47 


22.529 
352512 
13,802 
366314 
18,905 
385219 
12,786 
398005 
28,874 
418879 
7,895 


12-56426774 
21-78  13,633 
12  82|440407 
2-511  12,760 
12-50453167 


4-40: 

12-13 

3-20 

11-88 
—1-85 

11-71 
—3-18 

11-41 
—7-48 


20.363 
473530 
12,740' 
486270! 
4.5631 
490833 
8,562 
499395 
6,922 
11-10  506317 
3-63!  11,466 
10-92517783 
3-02  4,945 
10-84  522728 
17-93;       559 


18,094 

7,013 
25,107 

6,921 
32,028 

2,677 
34,705 

3,186 
37,891 

9,472 
47,363 

4,915 
52,278 

3,377 
55,655 

4,343 
59,998' 

9,030 
69,028; 

3,2761 
72,304 

1,735| 
74,039: 

l,97ll 
76,010! 

1,468 
77,478 

1,532 
79,010 

1,178 
80,188 

3,744 

83.932 

702 

84,634 

'107^ 

84,741 

dec  17 
84,724 
297 
85,021 
I  789 
I  85,810 
I  87 
I  85,897 
i    1,326 

87,223 
48 

87.271 
dec  150 


41-78 
35-15 
39-69 
29-20 
36-83 

6-30 
26-81 

9-75 
23 
22-93 
23-28 
12-19 
21-45 
10-08 
20-08 
14-90 
19-58 
38-11 
20-91 
14-54 
20-51 
12-57 
20-21 
10-42 


CensiLs.  ill'icroase  in  lOyrs.i  Census. 


1B30  !    Ami. 


Per  ct. 


1840 


61,392! 
26,962  i 
88,354!  I 
30,622  ' 
118976' 
45,146 
164122 
35,860! 
199982| 
50,764 
250746 
45,206 
295952 
36,863 
332815 
33,474 
366289 
32,722 
399011 
25,805 
421816 
15,537 
440353 
20,876 


19-73  461229 


1148 
19-46 

7-33 
18-86 
14-92 
18-78 
27-46 
19-06 

5-50 
18-67 


14,254 

475483 

22,406 

497889'i 

9,0731 

506962 

17.377 

524339 

13.462 

537801 

-521  20,470 

17-891558271 

— 13|  12,723 

17-42!570994 

6-50     4,860 

17-32575854' 

9  21     9,351 

17-18585205 

1-25|    7,009, 

16-96592214 

11-56!  12,792 

16  84  605006 

-97     4,993 

16-69  609999 

-26-83       409 


31,991| 
12,0751 
44,066 

9,861 
53,927 

6,662 
60,589 

4,847 
65,436 
18,236 
83,672 

7,178 
90,850 

3,407 
94,257 

4,902i 
99,159! 

8,73l| 
1078901 

1,749: 
109639 

2,328 
111967 

1,235 
113202 

1,930 
115132 
825 
115957 
dec 232 
115725 

4,815 
,120540 
1  160 
1120700 
I  1,884 
122584 
'dec  249 
122.335 
j  595 
1122930 
i  1,900 
'124830 
I  936 
125766 
I    1,136 

126902 
296 

127198 
94 


52-IOI  93,383 
44-78;  39,037 
49-87132420 
32-20i  40,483 
45-32!l72903 
14-75  51,808 
36-91224711 
13-51]  40,707 
32-72265418 
35-92!  69,000 
33-36,334418 
15-87' 52,384 
30-691386802 

9-241  40,270 
28-3i;427072 
14-64'  38,376 
27-07!465448 
26  68!  41,453 
27-031506901 

6-77!  27,554 
25-80  534455 
14-98!  17,865 
25-42,552320 

5  91  22,111 
24-54  574431 
13-53  16,184 
24-21590615] 

3-68  23,23l! 
23-286138461 
—2-55!  8,841' 
22-82  622687 
27-70  22,192! 
22-98  044879! 

1-18  13,622' 
22-44  658501, 

9  20  22,354 

21-95  680855 

—1-95  12,474 

21-42  693.329 

12-241  5,455 
21-34  698784 

20-31,  11,251 

21  33  710035 


Proportion  to  tliR  whole 
Population,  per  cent. 


1765 


13-35 
21-23 

8-SS 
20-97 

5-92 


7.945' 
717980' 
13,928 
731908 

5,289 


20-85  !737 197 
22-981   503 


6-35 

2-96 

9-32 

5-08 
14-41 

9-29 
23-70 

9-39 
33-10 

9-49 
42-60 
11-64 
54-24 

8-41 
62-66 

6-27 
68-93 

3-29 
72-23 

3-97 
76-20 

2-56 
78-77 

3-78 
82-55 

203 
84-58 

2  82 

87-41 

-78 

88-19 

2-57 

90-76 

•70 

91-47 

2-68 
94-16 

1-20 
95-36 

95-36 

•47 

95-84 

1-64 

97-48 

1-75 

99-24 

•75 

100- 


1790 


1840 


4-83 

2-27' 

7-10 

3-57 
10-68 

8-14 
18-82 

7-09 
25-92 

8-42 
34-34 

9-59 
43-94 

7-01 
50-95 

6-20 
57-15 

4-83 
61-98 

3-95 
65-94 

2-96 
68-91 

3-76 
72-67 

2-45 
75-13 

4-01 
79-14 

1-21 
80-35 

2-35 
82-71 

2-79 
85-51 

3-95 
89-47 

2-39 

91-86 

-67 

92-54 

1-61 
94-15 

1-92 
96-08 

2-68 

98-76 
1-14 

99-91 
-08 


2471  10-85!523287!  87,121  16-64  610408  127292  20-85|737700 1  100 


100- 


12-65 

5-29 
17-95 

5-48 
23-43 

7-02 
30-46 

5-51 
35-97 

9-35 
45-33 

7-10 
52-43 

545 
57-89 

520 
6309 

5^61 
68-71 

3-73 
72-44 

2-42 
74-87 

2^99 
77-86 

2-19 
80-06 

3-14 
83-21 

1-19 
84-40 

3-00 
87-41 

1-84 
89-26 

3-03 
92-29 

1-69 

93-98 

-73 

94-72 

1-52 

96-24 

1-07 

97-32 

1-88 

99-21 

•71 

99-93 
•06 


100- 


66  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSKTTs. 

TABLE  IX  :  Part  II. — Exhibiting  the  Population  of  Massachusetts  and  its  Increase  in  25  yean 
1765  to  1790,  and  in  each  Decennial  Period  from  1790  to  1840,  together  rvith  the  Proporti 


H 

c 

Dicitance 
from 

Census. 

Increase  in2.j.vrs. 

Census.    Increase  in  10  jt.s. 

Cei:isus.  j 

ncreasein  lOyrs.  j 

Ranges. 

Boitoii, 
in  miles. 

1765 

Amt. 

Per  cl. 

1790  ;|    Amt. 

Per  ct. 

1800  ! 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

309 

244149 

134638 

55-14 

378787 

44,058! 

11-63 

422845  149,195 

11-63  4 

Boston 

1 

_ 

15,520 

2,800 

1802 

18,320 

6,617 

36-11 

24,937! i    8,850 

35-48 

308 

. 

228629 

131838 

57-66 

360467    37,441| 

10-38 

397908:40.345 

10-13  4 

IstK. 

7 

1  to5 

7,249 

1,353 

18-66 

8,602 

3,168 

36.82 

11,770      4^097 

34-80 

301 

over  5 

221380 

130485 

58-94 

351865 

34,273 

9-74 

3861.381  36,248 

9-38  4 

2d 

16 

5  to  10 

12,424 

1,129 

9-08 

13,553 

1,986 

14-65 

15,539:1    4,194 

26-99 

285 

over  10 

208956 

129356 

61-90 

338312 

32,287 

9-54 

370599    32,054 

8-64  4 

3d 

19 

10  to  15 

22,694 

8,147 

35-89 

30,841 

3,213 

10-41 

34,054 

5,431 

15-91 

266 

over  15 

186262 

121209 

65-07 

307471 

29,074 

9-45 

336545 

26,623 

7-912 

4th 

21 

15  to  20 

22,940 

3,9.32 

17-14 

26,872 

dec69 

—  -25 

26,803 

1,771 

6-60 

245 

over  20 

163322 

117277 

71-80 

280599 

29,143 

10  38 

309742 

24,852 

8-02  3 

5th 

29 

20  to  25 

23,191 

8,703 

37-52 

31,894 

747 

2-34 

32,641 

2,220 

6-80 

216 

over  25 

140131 

108574 

77-48 

248705, 

28,396 

11-41 

277101 

22,632 

8-16S 

6th 

26 

25  to  30 

28,419 

7,939 

27-93 

36,358 

1,315 

3  61 

37,673 

2,700 

7-16^ 

190 

over  30 

111712 

100635 

90-08 

212347! 

27,081 

12-75 

239428 

19,932 

8-324 

7th 

17 

30  to  35 

20,549 

6,013 

29-26 

26,562     2,457 

9-21 

29,019 

2,748 

9-45 

173 

over  35 

91,163 

94,622 

103-79 

185785^1  24,624 

13-25 

210409 

17,184 

8-16S 

8th 

16 

35  to  40 

15,327 

8,180 

5402 

23,507!    1,602 

6-31 

25.109 

1,278 

5-08 

157 

over  40 

75.836 

86,442 

113-98 

162278;'  23,022 

14-18 

185300 

15,906 

8-585 

9th 

16 

40  to  45 

8,043 

10,253 

127-47 

18,2961 

1,731 

9-46 

20.027 

3,761 

18-77 

141 

over  45 

67,793 

76,189 

112-38  143982' 

21,291 

14-78 

165273 

12,145 

7-34] 

lOlh 

12 

45  to  50 

9,708 

5,290 

54-491  14,998 

1.126 

7-50 

16,124 

1,683 

10-43 

129 

over  50 

58,085 

70,899 

122-06:128984 

20,165 

15-63 

149149 

10,462 

7-21] 

nth 

10 

50  to  55 

6,253 

4,996 

79-89  11,249 

807 

7-17 

12.056 

350 

■    2-90 

119 

over  55 

51,832 

65,903 

127-14ill7735 

19,358 

16-44 

137093 

10,112 

7-37 

12th 

13 

55  to  60 

9.243 

5,003 

54-12:  14,246 

1,524 

10  69 

15,770 

1,637 

10-38 

106 

over  60 

42,589 

60,900 

142-99103489 

11,834 

17-23 

121323 

8,475 

6-98 

13th 

11 

60  to  65 

4,958 

4,341 

87-55:    9,299 

483 

5-19 

9,782 

1.809 

18-49 

95 

over  65 

37.631 

56,559 

150-29194,190 

17,351 

18-42 

111541 

6.666 

5-97 

14th 

15 

65  to  70 

6,895 

8,312  120-55;  12,207 

3,164 

20-74 

18,371 

387 

2  15 

80 

over  70 

30,736 

48,247 

156-97  78.983, 

14,187 

17-96 

93,170 

6,279 

6-73 

15th 

7 

70  to  75 

1,914  1    2,675 

139-75 

4,589 

1,772 

38-61 

6.361 

192 

3-01 

73 

over  75 

28,822  1  45,572 

158-11 

74,394 

12,415 

16-68 

86,809 

6,087 

7-01 

16th 

9 

75  to  80 

6,283     2,634 

41-93    8,917, 

1,389 

15-57 

10.306 

888 

8  61 

64 

over  80 

22,539'!  42,938 

190-50 

65.477i 

11,026 

16-83 

76,503 

5,199 

6-79 

17th 

S 

SO  to  85 

1,7221    8,872 

51521 

10,594, 

1,363 

12-86 

11,957 

490 

4-08 

56 

over  85 

20,817  131,066 

163-64 

54,883 

9,663 

17-60 

65,546 

4,709 

7-45 

18th 

11 

85  to  90 

6,561 

8.436 

128-57 

14,997 

2,790 

19  93 

17,787 

1.717 

9-65 

45 

over  90 

14,256 

25,630 

179  78 

39,886 

6,873 

17-23 

46.759 

2,992 

(>  39 

19th 

1 1  90  to  95 

2,050 

6,115 

207-28 

9,065 

3,147 

34-71 

12.212| 

132 

108 

34   over  95 

11,306 

19,515 

172-60 

30,821 

3,726 

12-08 

34,547  i 

2,860 

8-27 

20th 

7  95  to  100 

. 

2,565 

. 

2,565 

1,064 

41-48 

3.629 

1,114 

30-69 

27i  over  100 

11,306 

16,950 

149-92 

28,256 

2,662 

9-42 

30.918 

1,746 

5-64| 

21st 

8 100  to 105 

1,160 

4,957 

427-32 

6,117 

1.897 

31-01 

8,014 

830 

10-35 

19  over  105 

in,  lie 

11.993 

118-20 

22,139 

765 

3-45 

22.904 

916 

3-991 

22d 

6  105  to  1 10 

4,ni7 

1     3,290 

81-92 

7,307 

267 

3-65 

7.574 

dec92 

;-i-2i| 

13  over  IJO 

(),l2f 

,     8,703 

141-99 

14,832 

498 

3  35 

15.330 

1,008 

1      6-57 

23d 

7  110toll5 

'1,297  ;    5,851 

136-35 

10,156 

478 

4-7C 

10,634 

430 

4-04 

6  over  i  15 

1,832  :    2,844 

155-24 

4,676 

20 

•42 

j    1,696 

578 

12  30 

24th 

4  115tol2n 

1,832  1    2,516 

137-33 

4,348 

57 

1-31 

1    4,405 

395 

8-96 

25th 

_    '^ 

>  over  120 

1       • 

:,       328 

- 

328 

dec37 

-11-28:      291 

183 

62-88 

■I     cent,  of  the  Population  in  each  Range  to  the  nhole  number  in  the  State  in  1765,  1790  and  1840, 
f(^r  Farts  of  the  State  beyond  certain  Radial  Distances  from  Boston,  by  Ranges  of  5  miles. 


INCREASE    IN    THK    RANGES. 


67 


Increase  in  10  yrs. 


Amt.      Per  ct. 


Census. 
1820  i 


51,247 

9,511 

41,736 

4,082 

37,654 

3,968 

33,686 

2,984 

30,702 

4,100 

26,602 

6,43l! 

20,171 

dec82 

20,253 

1,7191 

18,534 

2,744| 

15,790i 

dec96 

15,886 

4,722 

11,164 

1,396 

9,768 

1.498 

8.270 

1,195 

7,075 

2,116 

4.959 

1,342 

3.617 

2,4.39 

1,178 

313 

865 

859 

6 

396 

dec  390 

dec  180 

dec  2 10 

dec 282 

72  j 

dec560 

632 

402. 

230: 

1151 

85: 


10-85523287 
28-14' 43,298 
9 -52' 479989 
19,949 
460040' 
23,701 
436339 
42,469 
393870 


8-91 
20-10 
8-36 
7-55 
8-45 

14-34|  32,674 

7-891361196 

18-44!  41,292 

6-72  319904 

—•20'  40,291 

7-80  279613 

5-411  33,486 

814  246127 

10-39  29,131 

7-79  216996 

—■40  23,692 

8  95  193304| 

26-51  22.529' 

6-99  170775 

11-25  13,802, 

6  64 156973 

8-60  18,9051 

6  37  13S06S' 

10-30  12,786' 

5  98  12.52821 

11-28  20,874! 

4-98ll04408 

20-4';     7,895 

3-89  96,513 

21-7S  13,633 

1-45  82.880 

2-51  12.7601 

1-24:70.120' 

4-40  20.303 

49,757 

12,740 

37,017 

4,563 

32.454 

8.562 

23,892 

6,922 

16,970, 

11,4661 

5,504 

4,945J 

.559^ 


Increase  in  10  yrs. 


Ami.      Per  ct. 


01 

3-20 

—1-04 

—1-85 

—  -64 

—3-18 

-31 

—7-48 

3-86 

3-63 

4  36 

3-02 

17-93 


87,121 
18,094 
69,027 

7,013 
.  62,014 

6,921 
I  55,093, 

2,677 
52,416 

3,186: 
49,230 

9,4721 
39,75S| 

4,915l 
34,843| 

3,377| 
31,466| 

4,343! 
27,123^ 

9,030! 
18,093i 

3,276! 
14,817| 

1,735 
13,082 

1,971 
11,111, 

1,468 

9,643 

1.532 

8.111 

1,178 

6.933: 

3,744 

3,169' 
702 

2,487! 
107 

2,380l 
decl7i 

297 

2,100 

7891 

1,311! 

87i 

1,224 

1,326 

dec  102 

48 

lee  150 


Census. 
1830 


Inerease  in  10  yrs. 


Amt.      Per  ct. 


16.64 
41-78 
14-38 
35-15 
13-48 
29-20 
10-33 
6-30 


610408 

61^392 

549016 

26,962 

522054 

30,622 

491432' 

45,146 

13  30  446286| 

9-751  35,8601 

13-62|410426 

2293150,764! 

12-42  359662 

12-19'  45.206 

12-46  314456 

10-08  36,863: 

12-78  277593' 

14-90  33.474 

12-49  244119 

38-11:32,722 

9-35  211397 

14-54:  25.805 

8-671 185592 

12  57  15.53' 

8-33  170055 

10-42|  20,876 

804  149179 

11-48!  14,254 

7-69  134925 

7-33,  22,406 

7-76  112519 

14-92     9.073 

718  10.3446 

27-46  17,377 

3  81  86.069 

5-50  13,462 

3-54  72.607 

•52  20.470 

52.137 

12,723 

39.414 

4.860 

34,554 

9,351 1 

25.203 

7,009 

18.194 


4-78 
—  13 
6-47 
6-50 
6  47 
9-21 
5-48 
1-25 
7-21 


11-56  12,7921 

-1-851    5,402| 

•97     4,993 

-26  83       409! 


127292 

31,991 

95,301 

12,075 

83,226 

9,861 

73,365 

t),662 

66,703 

4,847 

61,856 

18,236 

43,620 

7,178 

36,442 

.3,407 

1  33,035 

I    4,902 

28,133 

8,731 

19,402 

1,749 

17.653 

2.328 

15,325 

1,235; 

14,090 

1,930 

12,160 

825 

11,33 

dec  232 

11,567 

4,815 

6,752 

160 

6.592 

1,884 

4,708 

dec  249 

4,957 

595 

4,362 

1.900 

2.462 

936 

1,526 

1,136 

390 

296 

94 


Census. 
1840 


20-85737700 

52-10  93,383 

17-35  644317 

44-78i  39,037 

15  94  605280 

32-20  40,483 

I4-92I564797 

14-75  51,808 

14-72  512989 

13-51!  40,707 

15-07472282 

35-92  69,000 

12-12  403282 

15  87I  52,384 

ll-58[350898 

9-24!  40.270 

11  90310628 

14-64' 38  376 

11-52  272252 

26-68;  41.453 

9  17,230799 

6  771  27,554 

9-5i;203245 

14-98  17,865 

9-0rl85380 

591!  22,111: 

9-44|l63269' 

13-53!  16,184 

147085 

23,231 

123854 

8.841 

115013 

22,192 

92^8211 

13,622 

79,199 

22,354 

56,845 

12,474 

44.371 

5,455 


9-00 

3-68 

1007 

—2-55 

11-18 

27-70 

7-84 

1-18 

9  07 

9-20 

9-03 

-1-95 

12-57 

12-24 


Proportion  to  the  whole 
Population,  per  cent. 


12-62|  38.916 

20-311  11,251 
9-76  27,665 

13-35  7,945 
8  38  19.720 
8-88  13.928 
7-21  5.792 
5-92  5,289 

22-98        503 


1765      1790      1800 


100 

6  35 
93  64 

2-96 
90-67 

5-08 
85-58 

9-29 
76-29 

9-39 
66-89 

949 
57-39 
11-64 
45-75 

8-41 
37  33 

627 
31-06 

3-29 
27-76 

3-97 
23-79 

2-56 
21-22| 

3-78 
17-44 

2  03 
15-4l| 

2  82! 

12-58| 

•78! 

11-801 

2-57I 

923| 
•70 

8-521 

2  68| 

5-83 

1-20 

4-63 

4-63 

•47 

4-15 

i-U 

2-51 

1-75 

-75 

-75 


100- 

100. 

4-83 

12-65 

95-16 

87-34 

2^27 

5-29 

92^89 

82-04 

3^57 

5-48 

89^31 

76-56 

8-14 

7-02 

81-17 

69-53 

7-09 

5-51 

74-07 

64-02 

8-42 

9-35 

65-65 

54-66 

9-59 

7-10 

56-05 

47-56 

7-01 

5-45 

49-04 

42-10 

6-20 

5-20 

42-84 

36-90 

4-83 

5-61 

38-01 

31-28 

3-95 

3-73 

34-05 

27-55 

2-96 

2-42 

31-08 

25^12 

3-76! 

2-99 

27-32 

22-13 

2-45 

219 

24-86i 

19-93 

4-01 

3-14 

20-85 

16^78 

1-21 

119 

19-64 

1559 

2-35 

300 

17-27, 

12-58 

2-79 

1-84 

14-48 

10-73 

3-95! 

3-03 

10-52 

7-70 

2-39 

1-69 

8^13 

6-01 

•67' 

•73 

7-45, 

5-27 

1-61 

1-52 

5-84 

3  75 

1-92! 

107 

3-9i: 

2-67 

2-68 

1-88 

1-23| 

•78 

1-14! 

•71 

-08 

•06 

68  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  object  of  Table  IX.  is  to  exhibit  the  increase  of  the 
population  of  Massachusetts,  during  the  twenty-five  years 
from  1765  to  1790,  and  during  each  decennial  period  since, 
by  ranges  of  5  miles  about  Boston  as  a  common  centre. 
It  is  divided  into  two  parts;  the  first  showing  the  increase 
in  the  ranges  within  certain  distances  from  Boston,  and  the 
second  the  increase  in  the  ranges  beyond  certain  distances. 
The  brace  in  the  first  column  of  the  first  part,  is  used  to 
indicate  that  the  numbers  in  the  lines  against  which  it  is 
placed,  when  added  together,  produce  the  numbers  in  the 
line  immediately  following. 

It  will  fee  perceived  by  inspecting  the  first  part  of  this 
table,  that  the  py-oportion  of  the  population,  which,  in 
Boston,  was  decidedly  greater  in  1765  than  in  1790,  and 
but  a  little  more  than  half  what  it  was  in  1840,  was  greater 
in  each  range  in  1765  than  in  1790,  until  we  come  to  the 
9th  range  of  40  to  45  miles,  in  which  it  was  less^  but  beyond 
which  it  was  generally  less^  but  irregularly  so.  The  con- 
sequence is,  that  a  greater  proportion  of  the  population  of 
the  state  was  nearer  Boston  in  1765  than  in  1790,  and 
this  continued  in  the  aggregate  of  all  the  ranges.  On  the 
contrary,  the  proportion  which  in  Boston  was  a  little  more 
than  one  third  in  1790  what  it  was  in  1840,  was  less  to  the 
range  of  10  to  15  miles,  and  beyond  that  distance  was 
irregular  compared  with  that  in  1840.  And  the  proportion 
of  the  aggregate  in  the  ranges  was  greater  in  every  in- 
stance in  1765  than  in  1790,  and  was  less  in  every  instance 
in  1790  than  in  1840,  being  but  little  more  than  one  third 
at  the  distance  of  5  and  of  10  miles,  &c.,  showing  the  ten- 
dency to  the  centralization  of  the  population  near  Boston 
during  this  half  century,  while  the  opposite  tendency  is 
manifest  during  the  twenty-five  years  before.  This  is  a 
remarkable  feature  in  the  movement  of  the  population  dur- 
ing the  seventy-five  years.  The  reverse  will  be  found  to 
have  been  the  case  on  inspecting  the  last  three  columns  of 


INCREASE    IN    THE    RANGES.  00 

the  second  part,  in  which  the  proportion  of  the  aggregate 
of  the  ranges,  in  every  instance,  beyond  certain  distances 
from  Boston,  was  less  in  1765  than  in  1790,  and  greater  in 
1790  than  in  1840.  Thus,  the  proportions  in  176-5,  after 
passing  through  the  changes  of  seventy-five  years,  will  be 
found  to  be  not  materially  different  in  ISIO,  except  in  Bos- 
ton, and  in  the  other  ranges  as  aifected  by  the  greater  pro- 
portion in  Boston. 

As  to  the  increase  of  the  population  during  the  several 
periods  specified  in  Table  IX.,  the  proportion  from  1765  to 
1790  was  55-1458  per  cent.^  from  which  we  deduce  the 
average  increase  of  19-2054  per  cent,  in  ten  years,  and  of 
1-7723  per  cent,  in  each  year,  while  the  average  increase 
from  1790  to  1840,  in  ten  years,  was  142606 /?er  cent.^  and 
in  each  year  1 -3420 per  ce«^.,  showing  a  ditference  of  4-9404 
per  cent,  in  ten  years,  and  of  -4303  per  cent,  in  each  year. 
The  average  increase  in  twenty-five  years,  from  1790  to 
1840,  was  only  39-5541  per  cent..^  or  15o9]7  per  cent,  less 
than  in  the  preceding  twenty-five  years.  The  average  in- 
crease of  19.2054  per  cent,  in  ten  years,  is  greater  than  the 
increase  in  any  of  the  decennial  periods  except  in  the  last ; 
and  that  would  have  been  only  19-5429  per  cent.,  if  8,000 
be  deducted  from  the  whole  number  on  account  of  errors 
in  enumerating  the  inhabitants  of  Boston  in  taking  the 
census  of  1840. 

The  increase  in  Boston  from  1705  to  1790,  was  small, 
owing  to  causes  which  have  been  before  alluded  to.  But 
the  increase  Avas  chiefly  in  ranges  distant  from  Boston. 
That  of  the  country  towns  was  131,838,  or  57-00  per  ce?it.  ; 
and  it  was  less  than  the  average  until  we  come  to  the  9th 
range  of  40  to  45  miles  from  Boston,  having  an  increase  of 
127-47 per  cent.,  containing  Fitchburg,  Westminster,  Prince- 
ton, Oxford  and  Rochester,  which  were  increased  about  90 
per  cent.,  and  Ashby,  Auburn,  Somerset  and  New  Bedford, 
incorporated  during  the  period.  The  increase  was  great 
10 


7i)  POPULATION    OF    IMASSACHUSETTS. 

in  the  14th,  loth,  17th,  ISth,  19th,  21st,  23cl  and  24th 
range.  It  will  be  obvious,  upon  comparing  the  two  parts 
of  Table  IX.,  that  the  proportion  of  increase  was  generally- 
greater  in  the  ranges  beyond.,  than  in  those  within  certain 
distances  from  Boston.  Thus,  within  thirty  miles  of  Bos- 
ton, it  was  25*05  per  cent.,  but  beyond  that  distance,  90*08 
per  cent.  ;  within  forty-five  miles  33*14per  cent.,  but  beyond 
that  distance,  112*38 /?er  cent.;  within  sixty  miles,  36*58 
j^er  cent..,  but  beyond  that  distance,  142*99  per  cent..  &c. 

The  increase  in  the  ranges  during  the  five  decennial  pe- 
riods from  1790  to  1840,  was  very  different  from  that  during 
the  twenty-five  preceding  years.  Boston  takes  the  lead  of 
all  the  ranges  during  each  of  these  periods,  except  during  the 
first  period,  the  proportion  in  the  contiguous  towns  was 
greater,  in  consequence  of  enumerating  with  Chelsea,  in 
1800,  certain  islands  which,  in  the  other  censuses,  were 
enumerated  with  Boston,  and  except  that  in  the  15th  range, 
in  which  it  was  a  little  greater ;  and  except  also  that  in  the 
25th  range  during  the  second  period. 

It  will  also  be  perceived  that  from  1790  to  1840,  the  in- 
crease of  the  proportion  in  the  ranges  within^  was  generally 
much  larger  than  beyond  the  radial  distances  from  Boston, 
which  is  the  reverse  of  what  it  was  from  1765  to  1780, 
showing  a  marked  difference  in  the  form  of  the  increase, 
during  the  first  third  and  the  last  two  thirds  of  the  seventy- 
five  years. 

The  proportion  of  the  increase  in  the  ranges  during  the 
five  decennial  periods  was  various  and  irregular. 

We  have  before  remarked  upon  the  comparative  increase 
of  the  population  of  the  agricultural  and  manufacturing 
towns  in  this  Commonwealth, — the  increase  of  the  one 
and  the  decrease  of  the  other.  A  movement  somewhat 
similar,  has  been  going  on  in  some  of  the  other  states,  as 
will  appear  from  the  following  view  of  the  New  England 
states. 


INCREASE    IN    THE    RANGES. 
Population  of  the  New  Englafid  States. 


71 


STATES 

Census. 

1820 

Increase  in  10  yrs. 

Census.  Increa.se  in  10  yrs.  Census. 

Amount. 

Percent. 

1830     ;Amonnt.:Percent.      1840 

Maine,        .... 

New  Hampshire, 

MassarliiiKOtts,   • 

Khodc  Island,      - 

Connecticut, 

Vermont,    .... 

29^,335 
2-14,161 
523,2.S7 
83,059 
275,202 
235,764 

101,1-20 
2.-.,  167 
87,121 
14.140 
22,473 
44,888 

.33-8947 
10  3075 
16-64S7 
17-0210 
8-1660 
19-0393 

1                1 
399,4.55    102,33s    25-6194'   .'">01,793 
269,32-i       15,^:16      56607,   2-vl,574 
G10,40>     127,292    208.535,   7.37,700 
97,109       11.631     11 -9(561     rO-^,,'<30 
297,675      12,303      4i:!30    a)0,97S 
280,652      11,296      4  0249    291,9-lB 

Total,  .... 

1,659,808 

294.909 

17-7736  1,951,717    280,106|    14-3297  2.2:M,823 

During  both  periods,  Maine,  having  an  extensive  agri- 
cultural territory,  was  the  only  one  of  these  states  which 
sustained  an  increase  of  population  nearly  equal  to  that  of 
the  average  increase  in  the  United  States;  but  the  propor- 
tion of  its  increase  during  the  second  of  these  periods,  was 
less  than  during  the  first,  while  in  Massachusetts  alone, 
most  obviously  affected  by  its  manufactures,  the  reverse 
was  the  case.  In  New  Hampshire,  very  much  an  agricul- 
tural state,  the  proportion  was  diminished  almost  one  half. 
From  1830  to  1840,  Cheshire  county  lost  587  inhabitants ; 
the  increase  in  Dover,  Nashua  and  Manchester  was  nearly 
two  thirds  of  the  whole  increase  of  the  state,  and  there 
was  a  decrease  in  a  large  number  of  the  agricultural  towns. 
In  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut,  both  extensively  en- 
gaged in  manufacturing,  the  proportion  was  reduced  from 
nearly  4  to  5  per  cent;  and  in  Vermont,  an  agricultural 
state,  it  was  reduced  to  nearly  a  fifth  part  in  the  second 
period.  In  Rhode  Island,  from  1830  to  1840,  Washington 
county  lost  1,087  inhabitants;  and  the  increase  in  Provi- 
dence county,  including  the  city  of  Providence,  amounted 
to  within  676  of  the  whole  increase  of  the  state.  In  Con- 
necticut, two  counties  out  of  eight  decreased,  and  one  Iut 
creased  only  35  inhabitants,  from  1830  to  1840 ;  and  in 
Vermont,  an  agricultural  state,  six  counties  out  of  thirteen 
decreased,  while  one  increased  only  6  inhabitants,  there  be- 
ing one  new  county  formed  out  of  the  other  counties  during 


72 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


these  ten  years.  The  increase  of  the  whole  population  of 
New  England,  from  1820  to  1830,  was  17-7736  'per  cent., 
and  from  18.30  to  1840,  lA-3297 per  cent.,  or  3- AA39 per  cefii. 
less.  The  aggregate  increase  of  New  Hampshire,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut  and  Vermont,  in  the  first  ten  years, 
was  12*7260  per  cent.,  and  in  the  last,  only  5-3422  per  cent. 

It  seems  from  this  that  the  agricultural  population  of  at 
least  five  of  the  states  in  New  England,  has,  especially  in 
the  last  decennial  period,  either  remained  stationary  or  de- 
creased ;  and  we  shall  find  that  a  similar  effect  is  going  on 
in  New  York  and  some  of  the  states  further  south,  as  Del- 
aware, Virginia,  North  and  South  Carolina.  The  increase 
of  the  population  of  New  York,  from  1820  to  1830,  was  39" 
7575  per  cent.,  and  from  1830  to  1840,  only  26.5980 per  cent. 

It  appears  from  the  state  census  of  New  York,  taken  in 
1845,  compared  with  that  taken  in  1835,  that  the  increase 
of  the  population  in  these  ten  years  was  from  2,174,517  to 
2,604,495,  or  429,978,  being  19-77  per  cent.  Of  this  in- 
crease, 294,068,  or  25-40  per  cent.,  were  in  counties  east  of 
the  eastern  boundary  of  Oneida  county,  containing  New 
York  city.  Long  Island  and  the  towns  on  the  Hudson  river, 
and  135,910,  or  13-36  per  cent,  only,  were  in  counties  Avest 
of  the  above  boundary,  which  were  occupied  very  much 
by  an  agricultural  population.  These  results  indicate  a 
similar  movement  in  New  York,  to  what  has  been  going 
on  in  Massachusetts.* 

The  increase  of  the  four  states  mentioned,  south  of  New 
York,  was  as  follows  : 


STATES. 

Census. 
1820 

Increase  in  10  yrs. 

Census. 
1830 

Increase  in  10  yrs. 

Census. 

Amount. 

Percent. 

Amount.  jPer  cent. 

1840 

Delaware,    -        .        -        . 
Virginia,      .... 
North  Carolina,  - 
South  Carolina,  - 

72,749 

1,065,379 

638,829 

502.741 

■ 

3,999 
f46,026 
99,158 
78,444 

5-4969 
13-7064 
15-5218 
15-60.32 

76,748 
1,211,405 

737,987 
581,185 

1,337      1-7420 
2.8.392      2-3437 
15;432;     20910 
13,209]     2-2727 

78.0.'55 

1,239,797 

7,-)3,419 

5M,394 

Total,  -        -        .        . 

2,279,69-? 

327,627 

14-3715 

2,607,325 

58,370;     2-238612,665,695 

*See  Fisher's  National  Magazine  and  Inilustrial  Record,  Vol.  III.,  p.  231,  &c. 


INCREASIi    IN    THE    RANGES. 


73 


111  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  in  wliicii  there  is  a 
large  mannfactnring  as  well  as  agricultnral  interest,  the 
result  has  been  as  follows  : 


STATES. 

Census.     Increase  in  10  yrs 

Census. 
1830 

[ncrca.'sc  in  10  yrs. 

Census. 

1R20       Amount. 

Percent. 

Amount 

Percent 

1840 

New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  . 

277,575      43,218 
1,049,458    293,775 

15-5^(16i       320,P2.3 
2S-46941    1,348,233 

.52,483 
373,d00 

16-3.5'« 
27  ■6735 

373,306 
1,724,033 

Total, 

1,. 327,0.3.3    .342,023 

25-7735     1,609,0.56 

42S,283 

25-6600|    2,097.339 

In  1820,  the  population  of  Maryland  was  407,350,  and 
the  increase  in  ten  years,  39,690  or  9-7434  per  cent. ;  in 
1830  its  population  was  447,040,  and  the  increase  in  the 
ten  years,  22,979  or  5-1402  per  cent..,  making  its  population 
470,019  in  1840. 

It  seems  from  what  has  been  stated,  that,  as  a  general 
conclusion,  we  may  view  the  history  of  the  popvilation  of 
this  Commonwealth  thus  far,  as  follows  :  In  the  first  age 
of  our  history,  the  people  dispossessed  the  aboriginal  race 
of  the  soil,  subdued  the  forest,  and  converted  it  into  fruit- 
ful fields,  and  divided  the  land  into  farms  of  a  size  which 
suited  their  notions  of  what  was  necessary  for  a  livelihood. 
This  was  done  about  the  close  of  the  revolutionary  war,  or 
as  early  as  1790,  when  most  of  the  land  was  taken  up. 
Since  that  time  agriculture  has  remained  nearly  stationary; 
and  the  population,  according  to  the  censuses,  increased 
for  a  series  of  years  but  slowly,  while  most  of  the  sur- 
plus emigrated  to  other  states.  This  state  of  things, 
prompting  to  emigration,  existed  till  about  the  year  1S20, 
when  a  new  field  of  industry,  promising  more  agreeable 
means  of  support,  was  opened  by  manufactures,  which 
have  since  detained  many  at  home,  and  attracted  others 
from  abroad  into  this  Commonwealth.  Similar  processes 
have  commenced  in  most  of  the  other  states  in  New  Eng- 
land, and  in  some  of  the  other  states  in  the  Union,  as 
appears  from  the  preceding  statements. 


74 

POPULATION 

OF    MASSACHUSETTS 

• 

TABLE  X : 

Part  I. — Exhibiting  the  Increase  of  the  Population  of  Massachusetts,  in  Periods  of\ 

Distances  from  Boston  1 

Increase  in  20  years. 

Incrc 

i 

Distance 

From  179010  1 810 

1 
From  1800  to  1829  From  1810  to  1830 

From  1820  to  ISIO] 

From  1790  to 

Raages. 

H 

from 
Boston, 

1 

, 

d 

in  miles. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Per  ct.  i    Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt.   j  Pe 

Boston 

1 

. 

15,467 

84-42 

18,361 

73-221  27,605 

81-70  50,085 

115-67 

24,978  13i 

IstR. 

7 

1  to  5 

7,265 

84-48 

8,179 

69-49:  11,095 

69-92,  19.088 

95-68 

11,347 

13: 

8 

5 

22,732 

84-43 

26,540 

72-30;  38,700 

77-93:  69,173 

109-36 

36,325 

13 

2d 

16 

5  to  10' 

6,180 

45-59 

8,162 

52-52  10,889 

55-18;  16,782 

70-80i   10,148 

7 

24 

10, 

28,912 

71-43 

34,702 

64  42 

49,589 

71-46'  85,955 

98-85i  46,473 

11 

3d 

19 

10  to  15! 

8,644 

28-02 

8,415 
43,117 

24-71 

5,661 

14-33    9,339 

21-991  11,628 

3 

43 

15| 

37,556 

52-66 

49-96  55,250 

50-74'  95,294 

72-86J  58,101 

8 

4  th 

21 

15  to  20| 

1,702 

6-33 

5,871 

21-90     7,286 

25-49    8,033 

24-58!     5,802 

2 

64 

20' 

39,258 

39-98 

48,988 

43-31162,536 

45-49  103327 

63-74.63.903 

6 

5th 

29 

20  to  25: 

2,967 

9-30 

8,651 

26-501  15,903 

45-61  27,708 

67-10'    9,398 

2 

93 

25[ 

42,225 

32-46 

57,639 

39-54  78,439 

45-52  131035 

64-42   73,301 

5 

6th 

26 

25  to  30 

4,015 

11-04 

2,618 

6-94     4,833 

11-97  12,093 

30-01 

3,933;    1| 

119 

30 

46,240 

27-73 

60,257 

32-85  83,272 

39-15  143128 

58-73 

77,234 

4 

7th 

17 

30  to  35 

5,205 

19-59 

4,467 

15-39    5,096 

16-04i    6,784 

20-25 

6,924 

2 

136 

35 

51,445 

26-65 

64,724 

30-46  83,368 

36-15149912 

54-08 

84,158 

4 

Sth 

16 

35  to  40 

2,880 

12-25 

4,022 

16-01 

7,087 

26-85    9,245 

31-73 

5,624 

2 

152 

40 

54,325 

25-09 

68.746 

28-94 

95,455 

35-17 159157 

51-96 

89,782 

4 

9th 

16 

40  to  45 

5,492 

30-01 

3,665 

18-30 

8,934 

37  55i  17,761 

74-96 

5.396 

2 

168 

45 

59,817 

25-47 

72,411 

28-11 

104389 

35-431176918 

53-61i  95,17^     4| 

10th 

12 

45  to  50 

2,809 

18-72 

6,405 

39-72 

7.998 

44-91 

5,025 

22-30 

7,031     5| 

180 

50 

62,626 

25-07 

78,816 

28-79 

112387 

35-97 

181943 

51-32 

102709 

4 

11th 

10 

50  to  55 

1,157 

1028 

1,746 

14-48 

3,131 

25-23 

4,063 

29-43 

2,553 

2 

190 

55 

63,783 

24-43 

80,562 

28-19 

115518 

35-56 

186006 

50-77 

105262 

4 

12th 

13 

55  to  60 

3,161 

22-18 

3,135 

19-87 

3,469 

19-92 

3,206 

16-95 

4,659 

3 

203 

60 

66,944 

24-31 

83,697 

27-75 

118937 

34-76 

189212 

49-11 

109921 

3 

13th 

11 

60  to  65 

2,292 

24-64 

3,004 

30-70 

2,663 

22-97 

3,398 

26-57 

3,497 

3 

214 

65 

69,236 

24-32 

86,701 

27-85 

121650 

34-38 

192610 

48-39 

113418 

3 

14th 

15 

65  to  70 

3,551 

23  35 

2,503 

13-62 

3,648 

'19-45 

2,357 

11-29 

5,657 

3 

229 

70 

72,787 

24-27 

89,204 

27-05 

125298 

33-62 

194967 

46-54 

119075 

3 

15th 

7 

70  to  75 

1,964 

42-79 

1,534 

2411 

2,520 

38-45 

946 

11-98     3,306 

7 

236 

75 

74,751 

24-55 

90,738 

27-00 

127818 

33-71 

195913 

45-90  122381 

4 

16th 

9 

75  to  80 

2,277 

25-53 

3,327 

32-28 

6,183 

55-23 

8,559 

62-78 

4,716 

5 

245 

80 

77,028 

24-58 

94,065 

27-15 

134001 

34-32 

204472 

46-42 

127097 

4 

17th 

8 

80  to  85 i 

1.853 

17  49 

803 

6-71 

1,015 

8-15 

862 

6-74 

2,166 

0 

253 

85 1 

78,881 

24-35 

94,868 

26-47 

135016 

33-52 

205334 

4531 

129263 

3 

18th 

11 

85  to  901 

4,507 

30-05 

2,576 

14-48 

966 

4-95 

1,991 

9-77 

5,366 

3 

264 

90  i 

83,388 

24-60 

97,444 

25-91  135982 

32-21 

207325 

43-78 

134629 

3 

19th 

11 

90  to  95 

3,279 

36-17 

528 

4-32|       379 

3-07 

dec 266 

—2-08 

3,675 

4 

275 

95 

86,667 

24-33 

97,972 

25-23  136361 

31-37 

207059 

42-58 

138304 

3 

20th 

7 

95  to  100 

2,178 

84-90 

934 

25-73        117 

2-46 

892 

19-54 

1,998 

7 

282 

100 

88,845 

25-34 

98,906 

25-23  136478 

31-06 

207951 

42-36 

110302 

4 

2Lst 

8 

100tol05 

2.727 

44-58 

548 

6-831      507 

5-73 

2,689 

31-40 

2,445 

3 

290 

105 

9i;572 

25-95 

99,454 

24-89  136985 

30-56 

210640 

42-17 

142747 

4 

22d 

6 

lOStollO 

175 

2-39 

dec  652 

—8-60  dec473 

—6-32 

1,023 

14-76 

dec 385 

— 

296 

110 

91,747 

25-20 

98,802 

24-24  136512 

29  95 

211663 

41-80 

1423ti2 

2 

23d 

7 

110toll5 

908 

8-94 

832 

7-82 

1,728 

15-61 

2,462 

21-47 

1,310 

1 

303 

115 

92,655 

24-76 

99,634 

23-82 

138240 

29-61 

214125 

41-35 

143672 

3 

24th 

4 

115tol20 

452 

10-39 

540 

12-25 

193 

402 

344 

6-95 

597 

1 

307 

120 

93,107 

24-60 

100174 

23-70 

138433 

29-35 

214469 

-41-02 

144269 

3 

25th 

2 

120tol25 

146 

44-51 

268 

92-09 

dec(i5 

-13-71 

dec56 

10-01 

231 

7 

Total, 

309 

125 

93,253 

24-62 

100442 

23-75 

138368 

29-31 

214413 

40-97 

144500 

3 

INCREASE  IN 

THE  RANGES 

75 

),  50  cmd  15  years,  frovi  ni)5  to  IS AO,  fur  Farts  of  the   State,   within  certain  lladial 

es  of  5  jniles. 

)  years* 

Increase  iu  40  years*    In.  iu  50  ys. 

In*  iu  T3  ya. 

800  to  1830 

From  1810  to  1840 

From  1790  to  1830  From  1800  to  1840 

j 
From  1790  to  1840 

From  1765  to  1840 

Per  ct. 

Anil. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Per  ct.   Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

)5  146-18  59,596 

176-38 

43,072 

235-10  68,446 

274-47 

75,063 

409-731 

77,863 

501-71 

)2  129-07!  23,170 

146-02 

18.360 

213-43  27,267 

231-66 

30,435 

353-81I 

31,788 

438-51 

17  140-70  82,766 

106-68 

6i;432 

228-33|  95,713 

260-74 

105498 

39186| 

109651 

481-58 

i3  97-06  20,750 

105-15 

17,069 

125-94  24,944 

160-52 

26,930 

198-70 

28,059 

225-84 

!0  127-72[103516 

149-18 

78,501 

193-94120657 

230-94 

132428 

327-ls! 

137710 

391-29 

)2  32-58 

12,323 

31-20 

14,305 

46-38j  17,754 

52-13 

20,967 

67-98 

29,114 

128-28 

2  90-17 

115839 

106-39 

92,806 

130-13 

138411 

160-38 

153395 

215-09!il66824 

288-18 

7  33-79 

12,133 

42-46 

8,988 

33-44 

13,904 

51-87 

13,835 

51-11  1  17,767 

77-44 

9  76-81 

127972 

93-10 

101794 

103-67 

152315 

134-66 

167230 

170-31  184591 

228-37 

3  55-52 

34,139 

97-90 

18,870 

59-16 

36,359 

111-39 

37,106 

116-34  45,809 

197-52 

2  72-04 

162111 

94-06 

120664 

92-75 

188674 

129-45 

204336 

157-08 

230400 

221-50 

3  19-99 

12,011 

29-75 

8,848 

24-33 

14,711 

41-70 

16,026 

44-07 

23,965 

84-32 

5  61-35 

174122 

81-87 

129512 

77-81 

203385 

110-88 

220362 

132-39 

254365 

192-06 

4  27-03 

8,503 

26-76 

10,301 

38-77 

11,251 

38-77 

13,708 

51-60 

19,721 

95-97 

3 

9  56-66 

182625 

74-70 

139813 

72-44 

214636! 101-03 

234070 

121-27 

274086 

179-15 

5  33-31 

11,989 

45-43 

9,967 

42-40 

13,267 

52-83 

14,869 

63  25 

23,049 

150-38 

] 

4  54-19 

194614 

71-85 

149780 

69-17 

227903 

95-94 

248939 

114-97 

297135 

176-53 

: 

5  63-38 

17,665 

74-26 

14,426 

78-84 

21,426 

106-98 

23,157 

126-56 

33,410 

415-39 

i 

9  51-03 

212279 

72-05 

164206 

69'93|249329!  96-79 

272096 

115  88 

330545 

187-43 

1  60-04 

9,747 

54-73 

10,807 

72-05 

11,430 

70-88 

12,556 

83-71 

17,846 

183-82 

0  5521 

222026 

71-06 

175013 

70-06 

260759 

95-27 

284652 

113-55 

348391 

187-24 

1  28-87 

5,459 

44-00 

4,288 

3811 

5,809 

48-18 

6,616 

58-81 

11,612 

185-70 

1  54-10 

227485 

70-03 

179301 

68-68 

266568 

93-28 

291268 

111-57 

360003 

187-19 

[ 

6  32-37 

4,704 

27-02 

6,630 

46-53 

6,341 

40-20 

7,865 

55-20 

12,868 

139-22 

c 

7  52-96 

232189 

67-84 

185931 

67-53 

272909 

9051 

299133 

108-65 

372871 

184-99 

/ 

2  45-71 

4,593 

38-76 

4,955 

53-28 

6,402 

65-44 

6,885 

74-04 

11,226 

226-42 

J 

9  52-73 

236782 

66-91; 

190886 

67-07 

279311 

89-72 

306018 

107-52 

384097 

185-98 

3 

5  21-96 

4,473 

23-84' 

7,199 

47-34 

4,860:  26-45 

8,024 

52-76 

16,336 

236-92 

4  51-02 

241255 

64-75 

198085 

66-07 

284171  86-19 

314042 

104-74 

400433 

187-63 

2  42-63 

2,288 

34-91 

4,484 

97-71 

2,4801  38-98 

4,252 

92-65 

6,927 

361-91 

6  50-86 

243543 

64-23 

202569 

66-54 

28665  ll  85-30 

318294 

104-56 

407360 

189-18 

3 

1  68-61 

10,998 

98-24 

8,460 

94-86 

11,886  115-33 

13,275'  148-87 

15,909 

253-20 

7  51-39 

254541 

65-21 

211029 

67-35 

298537 

86-19i 

331569'  105-82 

423269 

190-99 

5  12-58 

1,175 

9-44 

2,868 

27-07 

1,665 

13-92 

3,028'  28-58 

11,900 

691-05 

2  50-09 

255716 

63-48, 

213897 

66-03 

300202 

83-78 

334597'  103-30 

435169 

194-85 

3  15-08 

2,850 

14-61 

5,473 

36  42 

4,567 

25-67 

7,357  49-72' 

15,793 

240-71 

j5  48-44 

258566 

61-22 

219370 

64-72 

304769 

81-03 

341954  100-60 

450962 

196-16 

1   4-18 

130 

1-05 

3,658 

40-35 

262 

2-14 

3,409  37-60 

9,524 

322-84 

fe  47-05 

258696 

59-52 

223028 

64-09|205031 

52-80 

345363  99-25. 

460486 

197-76 

1  33-92 

712 

15-01 

2,295 

89-23 

1,826 

50-30 

2.890  112-67| 

5,455 

- 

7  46-92 

259408 

59-04 

225323 

64-25 

306857 

78-26 

348253  99-35j 

465941 

200-10 

i 

7  16-68 

2,407 

27-21 

3,234 

52-861  3,237 

40-32 

5,134  83  98 

10,091 

869-91 

4  46-32 

261815 

58-43 

228557 

64-08:310094 

77  53 

353387  99-08 

476032 

203-42 

5  —7-45 

463 

6-18 

dec298|  — 4-07|   371 

4-89 

638   8-77 

3,928 

97-78 

c 

9  45-32 

262278 

57-55 

228259 

62-711310465 

76-18 

354025  97-27 

479960 

201-64 

8  20-29 

2,864 

25-88 

2,636 

25-95i  3,294 

30-97 

3,772  37-14 

9,631 

224-13 

7  44-68 

265142 

56-80 

230895 

61-71 1313759 

75  03 

357797  95-63 

489591 

202-04 

8  13-34 

489 

1018 

645 

14-83   884 

20-06 

941  21-64 

3,457 

188-70 

i 

5  44-36 

265631 

56-32 

231540 

61-17'314643 

74-47 

358738 

94-78' 

493048 

201-94 

1 

B  40-54 

29 

6-11 

81 

24-69   212 

72  85 

175 

55  03 

503 

. 

3  44-35 

265660 

56-27 

231621 

61-14  314855'  74-46) 

358913 

94-75: 

493551 

202-15 

"  i 
1 

i 

i 

76 

POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

TABLE 

X  :  Part  II. — Exhibiting  the  Increase  of  the  Population  of  Massachusetts,  in  Periods  of  \ 

i 

Distances  from  Boston] 

t" 

Increase  in  20  yearst 

Incr« 

K 

Distance 

1                             '                             1 
From  1790  to  ISlOlFrom  1800  to  1820  From  1810  to  1830|From  1820  to  1840 

From  1790  to 

li^ 

R 

e3 

from 
Boslon,    1 

1 

1                          1 

xvan^ca. 

1 

O 

in  miles. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Per  ct.  1    Amt. 

Per  ci. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt.      Pe 

' 

. 

309 

, 

93,253 

24-62 

100442 

23-75  138368 

29-3l!214413 

40-97 

144500    3. 

r 

Boston 

1 

15,467 

84-42 

18,361 

73-221  27,605     81-701  50,0851 

115-67 

24,978  13 

i- 

308 

- 

77,786 

21-57 

82,081 

20-62110763     25-27  164328| 

34-23 

119522    3 

.' 

IstR. 

7 

1  to5 

7,265 

84-48 

8,179 

69-49  11,095    69-92 

19.088 

95-68 

11.347  13 

301 

over  5 

70,521 

20-04 

73,902 

19-13,99,668    23-59 

145240 

31-57 

108175    3 

2d 

16 

5  to  10 

6,180 

45-59 

8,Ui2 

52-52:  10,889     55-18 

16,782 

70  80 

10.148    7 

285 

over  10 

64,341 

1901 

65,740 

17-73, 88,779     22-04 

126458 

29-43 

98.027    2 

3d 

19 

10  to  15 

8,644 

28-02 

8,4151 

24-71!    5,66l!    14-33 

9,339 

21-99 

1 1,628    3 

266 

over  15 

55,697 

18-11 

57,3251 

17-03i  83,118:    22  88 

119119 

30-24 

86,399    2 

4th 

21 

15  to  20 

1,702 

6-33    5,871| 

21-90     7.286    25-49 

8,033 

24-58 

5.802    2 

245 

over  20 

53,995 

19-24 

51,454 

16-6175,832     22-66 

111086 

30-75 

80,597    2 

*• 

5th 

29 

20  to  25 

2,967 

9-30 

8,651 

26-50|  15,903'    45-61 

27,708 

67-10 

9,398    2 

216 

over  25 

51,028 

20-51 

42,803     15-44  59,929     19-99'  83,378 

25-09 

71,199    2 

6th 

26 

25  to  30 

4,015 

11-04 

2,618      6-94 

4,833     11-97 

12,093 

30-01 

3,933     1 

190 

over  30 

47,013 

2213 

40,185     16-78 

55,096     21-24 

71,285 

25-49 

67,266    2 

7th 

17 

30  to  35 

5,205 

19-59 

4,467 

15-39 

5,096     l(i  04 

6,784 

20-25 

6,924 

:i 

173 

over  35 

41,808 

22-50 

35,718 

16-97 

50,000 

21-96 

64.501 

26  20 

60,342 

.:- 

8th 

16 

35  to  40 

2,880 

12-25 

4,022 

16-01 

7,087 

26-85 

9,^45 

31-73 

5,624 

;■ 

157 

over  40 

38,928 

23-98 

31,696 

17-10 

42,913 

21-32 

55,256 

25-46 

54,718 

9th 

16 

40  to  45 

5,492 

30-01 

3,665 

18-30 

8,934 

37-55 

17,761 

74-96 

5,396 

141 

over  45 

33,436 

23-22 

28,031 

16-96 

33,979 

1915 

37,495 

19-39 

49,322 

lOih 

12 

45  to  50 

2,809 

18-72 

6,405 

39-72 

7,998 

44-91 

5,025 

22-30 

7.531 

129 

over  50 

30,627 

23-74 

21,626 

14-49 

25,981 

16-27 

32,470 

19-01 

41,791 

i 

11th 

10 

50  to  55 

1,1.57 

10-28 

1,746 

14-48 

3,131 

25  23 

4,063 

2943 

2,553 

t 

119 

over  55 

29,470 

25-03 

19,880 

14-50 

22,850 

14-77 

28,407 

18-09 

39,238 

i:. 

12th 

13 

55  to  60 

3,161 

22-18 

3,135 

19-87 

3,469 

19-92 

3,206 

16-95 

4,659 

L>i 

106 

over  60 

26,309 

25-42 

16,745 

13-80 

19,381 

14-93 

25,201 

18-25 

34,579 

5- 

13th 

11 

60  to  65 

2,292 

24-64 

3,004 

30-70 

2,663 

22-97 

3,398 

26-57 

3,497 

r. 

95 

over  65 

24,017 

25-49 

13,741 

12-31 

16,718 

1413 

21,803 

17-40 

31,082 

h 

14th 

15 

65  to  70 

3,551 

23-35 

2,503 

13-62 

3,648 

19-45 

2,357 

11-29 

5,657 

r 

80 

over  70 

20,466 

25-91 

11^238 

12-06 

13,070 

13-14 

19,446 

18-62 

25,425 

:, 

15th 

7 

70  to  75 

1    1,964 

42-79 

1,534 

24-11 

2,520 

38-45 

946 

11-98 

3,306 

' 

73 

over  75 

18,502 

24-87 

9,704 

11-17 

10,550 

11-35 

18,500 

19-16 

22,119 

K 

16th 

9 

75  to  80 

1    2,277 

25-53 

3,327 

32-28 

6,183 

55-23 

8,559 

62-78 

4,716 

!1 

64 

over  80 

16,225 

24-77 

6,377 

8-33 

4,367 

5-34 

9,941 

11-99 

17,403 

(( 

17th 

8 

80  to  85 

[    1,853 

17-49 

803 

6-71 

1,015 

8-15 

8()2 

6-74 

2,166 

h 

56 

over  85 

14,372 

26-18 

5,574 

8-63 

3,352 

4-84 

9,079 

12-94 

15,237 

I 

18th 

11 

85  to  90 

4,507 

30-05 

2,576 

14-48 

966 

4-95 

i;991 

9-77 

5,366 

f: 

45 

over  90 

9,865 

24-73 

2,998 

6-41 

2,386 

4-79 

7,088 

14-24 

9,871 

r- 

19th 

11 

90  to  95 

3,279 

36-17 

528 

4-32 

379 

307  dec  266 

—2-08 

3,675 

i; 

34   over  95 

6,586 

21-36 

2,470 

7-14 

2,007 

5-36    7,354 

19-86 

6,196 

f 

20th 

7  95  to  100 

2,178 

84-90 

934 

25-73 

117 

2-46       892 

19-54 

1,998 

t; 

27  over  100 

4,408 

15-60 

1,536 

4-96 

1,890 

5-78 

6,462 

19-91 

4,198 

I 

21st 

8  100tol05 

2,727 

44-58 

548 

6-83 

507 

5-73 

2,689 

31-40 

2,445 

f 

19  over  105 

1,681 

7-5C 

988 

4-31 

1,383 

5 -SO 

3.773 

15-79 

1,753 

S 

22d 

6  105toll0 

175 

2-39 

dec  652 

—8-60 

dec  473 

—6-32 

1,023 

14  76!idec385 

_ 

> 

13  over  110 

i,5or 

10-15 

1,640 

10-69 

1,856 

11-36 

2,750 

16-20 

2,138 

^^ 

23d 

7  110toll5 

908 

8-91 

832 

7-82 

1,728 

15-61 

2,462 

21-47 

1,310 

ii 

()  over  1 15 

598 

12-78 

808 

17-20 

128 

2-42 

288 

5-23 

828 

24th 

4 115  to 120 

452 

10-39 

540 

12-25 

193 

4-02 

344 

6-95 

597 

f^ 

25th 

2  over  120 

14( 

44-51 

268 

92-09 

dec65 

-13-71 

dec56 

-10-01 

231 

11 

INCREASE    IN    THE    RANGESi, 


77 


iO,  50  and  15  years,  from  1165  to  1840, /or  Parts  of  the   State,  beyond  certain  Radial 
nges  of  5  mihs. 


30  years. 


m  1800  to  18:30  From  1810  to  1840 


Per  ct.      Ami. 


44-35 '265H()0 
146-i8|  59,596 
37-97I20G064 
129-07}  23,170 
32-60!l82894 
97-061  20,750 
32-60'16214l 
32-5Si  12,323 
32-901149821 
33-791  12,133 
32-501137688 
55-52134,139 
29-79,103549 
19-99!  12,011 
31-33!  91,538 
27-03     8,503 


Per  ct. 


Increase  in  40  yearst 


31-93 
33-31 
31-74 
63-38 


83,035 
11,989 
71,046 
17,665 


27-90  53,381 
60-04    9,74 
24-43:  43,634 


28-87 
24-04 
32-37 


5,459 

38,175 

4,704 


22-96  33,471 
45-7J  4,593 
20-96^  28.878 
21-961  4.473 
20-76;  24,405 
42-63i  2,288 
19-161  22,117 
68-6li  10,998 
12-50|  11,119 
12-581    1,175 


12-48 
15-08, 
11-50: 
4-18' 
14-08 
33-92 
11-76 
16-68 
10-03 
—7-45 
18-68 
20-29 
1503 
1334 
40-54 


9,944 
2,850 
7,094 

130 
6,964 

712 
6,252 
2,407 
3,845 

463 
3.382 
2,864 

518 

489 
29 

11 


56-27 
176-38 
47-01 
146-02 
43-30 
105-15 
40-26 
31-20 
41-25 
42-46 
41-15 
97-90 
34-54 
29-75 
35  29 
26-76 
36-44 
45-43 
35-31 
74-26 
30-08 
54-73 
27-33 
44-00 
25-93 
27-02 
25-86 
38-76 
24-43 
23-84 
24-54 
34-91 
23-80 
98-24 
13-60 
9-44 
14-35 
14-61 
14-25 
1-05 
18-61 
15-01 
19-14! 
27-21' 
16-14 
6-18 
20-70 
25-88 
9-82 
10  IS 
6-11 


From  1790  to  1830  From  1800  lo  1840 


Amt. 


Per  ct.      Amt. 


231621 
43,072 
188549 
18,360 
170189 
17,069 
153120 
14,305 
138815 

8,988 
129827 
18,870 
110957 

8,848 
102109 
10,301 
91,808 

9,967 
81,841 
14,426 
67,415 
10,807 
56,608 

4,288 
52,320 

6,630 
45,690 

4,955 
40,735 

7,199 
33,536 

4,484 
29,052 

8,460 
20,592 

2.86R 
17,721 

5,473 
12,251 

3,658 

8,593 

2,295 

6,298 

3,234 

3,064 
dec 298 

3,362 

2,636 

726 

645 

81 


61-14314855 

235-10168,446 

52  30;246409 

213  43  27,267 

48-36!219142 

125-94!  24,944 

45 -25 1194198 

46  38!  17,754 

45-14ll76444 

33-44  13,904 

46-261162540 

59-16  36,359 


Per  ct. 


44-61 
24-33 
48-08 
38  77 
49-41 
42-40 
50-45 
78-84 
46-82 
72-05 
43-88 
38-11 
44-43 
46-53 
44  14 
53-28 
43-24 
47  34 
42-46 
97-71 


126181 
14,711 
111470 
11,251 
100219 
13,267 
86,952 
21,426 
65.526 
11^430 
54,096 

5,809 
48,287 

6,341 
41,946 

6,402 
35,544 

4,860 
30,684 

2_4R0 


In.  in  50  ys. 


From  1790  to  1840 


Amt. 


Per  ct. 


In.  in  75  ys. 


From  1765  to  1840 


Amt. 


39-05  28,204 
94-86  11,886 
31-44  16,318 
27-07,  1,665 
32  29  14,653 
36-42  4,567 
30-72  10,086 
40-35  262 
27-88  9,824 


89-23 
22-28 
52-86 
13-83 
—4  07 
22  12 
25-95 
15-52 
14-83 
24-69 


1,826 

7,998 

3,237 

4,761 

371 

4,390 

3,294 

1,096 

884 

212 


74-46 

274-47 
61-92 

231-66 
56-75 

160-52 
52-40 
5213 
52-42 
51-87 
52-47 

111-39 
45-53 
41-70 
46-55 
38-77 
47-63 
52-83 
46-92 

106-98 
39-64 
70-88 
36-26 
48-18 
35-22 
40-20 
34-57 
6544 
31-86 
26-45 
32-93 
38-98 
32-48 

115-33 
21-32 
13-92 
22-70 
25-67' 
21-571 
2-14' 
28-43 
50-30 
25-86 
40-32 
20-82 
4-89 
28-63 
30-97 
23-33 
20-06 
72-85 


358913 
75,063 
283850 
30,435 
253415 
26,930 
226485 
20,967 
205518 
13,835 
191683 
37,106 
154577 
16,026 
138551 
13,708 
124843 
14,869 
109974 
23,157 
86,817 
12,556 
74,261 

6,616 
67,645 

7,865 
59,780 

6,885 
52,895 

8,024 
44,871 

4,252 
40,619 
13,275 
27,344 

3,028 
24,316 

7,357 
16,959 

3,409 
13,550 

2,890 
10,660 

5,1 

5,526 
638 

4,888 

3,772 

1,116 
941 
175 


94-75 

409-73: 
78-74' 

353-81! 
72-02 

198-70 
66-94 
67-98 
66-84, 
51-11 
68-31 

116-34 
62-15 
44-07 
65-24 
51-60 
67-19 
63-25 
67-75 

126-56 
60-29 
83-71 
57-65 
58-81 
57-45 
55-20 
57-76 
74-04 
56-15 
52-76 
56-81 
92-65 
54-60 

148-87 
41-76 
28-58 
43-51 
49-72 
42-56 
37-60 
43-96 

112-67 
37-72 
83-98 
24-96 
8-77 
32-95 
37-14 
23-86 
21-64 
5503 


493551 
77,863 

415688 
31,788 

383900 
28,059 

355841 
29,114 

326727 
17,767 

308960 
45,809 

263151 
23,965 

239186 
19,721 

219465 
23,049 

196416 

[33,410 

163006 
17,846 

145160 
11,612 

133548 
12,868 

120680 
11,226 

109454 

16,336' 

93,118! 

6,927, 

86,191i 

15,909 

70,282 

11,900 

58,382 

15,793 

42,589 

9.524 

33,065 

5,455 

27,610 

10,091 

17,519 

3,928 

13,591 1 

9,631' 

3,960 

3,457 

503 


Per  ct. 


202- 15 
501-71 
181-81 
438-51 
173-41 
225S4 
170-29 
128-28 
175-41 

77-44 
189-11 
197-52 
187-78 

84-32 
214-10 

95-97 
240-73 
150-38 
259-00 
415-39 
240-44 
183-82 
249-90 
185-70 
257-65 
139-22 
283-35 
226-42 
290-86 
236-92 
302-96 
361-91 
299-04 
253-20 
311-82 
691-05 
280-45 
240-71 
298-74 
322-84 
292-45 

244-20 
869-91 
172-66 
97-78 
221-74 
224-13 
216-15 
188-70 


78  POPULATION  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Table  X.  exhibits  the  increase  of  the  population  in  the 
several  ranges  of  towns  within  and  beyond  certain  radial 
distances  from  Boston,  from  1765  to  1840.  It  will  be  per- 
ceived that  the  increase,  though  various  both  in  the  ranges 
and  in  the  periods,  was  generally  greater  in  the  more  dis- 
tant ranges,  and  less  in  and  near  Boston,  during  the  first 
twenty-five  years,  (Table  IX.)  while  the  reverse  took 
place  during  the  last  fifty  years. 

During  the  fifty  years  from  1790,  the  average  increase  in  the 
state  being  100,  the  increase  of  Boston  was  432per  cent. ;  that 
in  the  contiguous  towns  373  per  cent.,  and  in  the  2d  range 
20^  per  cent.;  in  the  5th  range,  embracing  Lowell,  122  per 
cent. ;  in  the  9th  range,  embracing  Fitchburg,  Fall  River 
and  New  Bedford,  133  per  cent.  ;  in  the  16th  range,  em- 
bracing Springfield,  157  j)er  cent.  ;  and  in  the  20th  range, 
embracing  7  towns  incorporated  during  the  period,  118  per 
cent.  In  all  the  other  ranges  the  increase  was  less  than 
the  average  during  the  fifty  years. 

But  in  consequence  of  the  different  localities  in  the  in- 
crease from  1765  to  1790,  the  result  of  the  movement  of 
the  population  in  the  ranges,  from  1765  to  1840,  has  been, 
that  the  increase  in  Boston  was  nearly  2-1  times  the  aver- 
age in  the  state;  in  the  contiguous  towns,  twice;  in  the 
2d  range  a  little  more  than  the  average ;  in  the  5th  range, 
nearly  the  average ;  in  the  9th  range,  twice;  in  the  16th 
range,  1|  times ;  in  the  20th  range,  the  towns  were  not 
specified  in  the  census  of  1765.  There  was  more  than  an 
average  increase  in  the  13th,  14th,  15th,  17th,  ISth,  19th, 
21st,  23d  and  25th  ranges,  and  in  the  rest  less  than  the 
average. 

During  the  twenty-five  years  from  1765  to  1790,  the  in- 
crease of  the  population  was  greater  in  parts  distant  from 
Boston ;  but  during  the  fifty  years  from  the  first  census  of 
the  United  States,  it  was  greater  i)i  and  wear  Boston,  show- 
ing a  tendency  to  a  centralization  of  the  population  in  and 
near  the  capital  of  the  Commonwealth. 


INCREASE   IN   THE    RANGES. 


79 


This  tendency  to  a  centralization  of  the  population  in 
and  near  Boston,  is  further  manifest  by  the  fact  that  the 
radius  of  the  circle  which  embraced  one  half  of  the  j)opida- 
tion  of  the  state^  was  contracted  about  C  miles,  or  from  35 
to  about  29  miles,  during  the  fifty  years  from  1790  to  1840. 
It  will  be  perceived  that  the  radius  of  this  circle  was  even 
shorter  in  1765  than  in  1S40,  that  is,  half  the  population 
of  Massachusetts  was  nearer  Boston  in  1765  than  in  1840. 
In  1765,  10,362|  more  than  half  of  the  population,  or  4-24 
per  cent,  more,  were  within  30  miles,  and  in  1840,  only 
17,952,  or  2-43  ^jer  cent.  more.  This  will  appear  from  the 
following  view  of  the  seven  censuses,  in  which  the  difier- 
ence  is  marked  thus  -|-,  when  more  than  half  of  the  popu- 
lation was  within  30  miles  of  Boston,  and  thus  —  when  it 
is  less. 


1763 


1840 


Population,  - 

Half,     - 

Number  with- 
in 30  miles, 

Difference,  - 
"  per  ct.   - 


344,149 
122,074.} 


373,737 
189,393*' 


422,-^3 
21i;422i 


132,437  i  166,440  183,417 
+10,362*  —22,933+  —23,005+ 
+      4-24  '—      6-05  I—      6-62 


472.010 
236,020 

212.6.30 

2:3,.540 

4-91 


523,237 
261,643^ 


610,403 
305,204 


737,700 
363,850 


243.674  I   295,952   386,802 

—  17,969J  —   9.2:52+  17,952 

—  343  I—    151|+   243 


Thus,  the  proportion  of  the  increase  during  the  thirty-five 
out  of  the  seventy-five  years,  was  decidedly  greater  in 
places  over  30  miles,  and  during  the  last  forty  years  de- 
cidedly less  than  in  places  within  30  miles  of  Boston.  ' 

In  1790,  the  circle  with  a  radius  of  35  miles,  embraced 
193,002  inhabitants,  or  3.608|  more  than  half;  and  in 
1800,  only  212,436,  or  1,013|-  more  than  half,  a  result 
showing  this  circle  to  have  been  a  little  extended  from  1790 
to  1800.  During  this  decennial  period,  the  more  distant 
part  of  the  Commonwealth  increased  in  greater  proportion 
than  Boston  and  the  ranges  near  it,  the  causes  of  which 
are  probably  to  be  traced  to  the  continued  inducements  to 
settle  the  western  parts  of  the  state  for  agricultural  pur- 


80  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

poses,  while  no  encouragements  were  held  out  to  detain 
the  surplus  population  in  the  eastern  and  more  central 
parts. 

In  1810,  the  circle  with  a  radius  of  35  miles,  embraced 
244,447  inhabitants,  or  8,427  more  than  half,  of  whom 
6,656  belonged  to  5  towns  35  miles  from  Boston,  so  that 
the  circle  with  a  radius  of  34  miles,  embraced  337,791  in- 
habitants, or  1,771  more  than  half.  During  the  ten  years 
from  1800  to  1810,  the  increase  of  the  population  of  the 
state  was  very  nearly  the  same  as  in  the  preceding  decade ; 
but  the  tendency  to  an  accumulation  near  the  central  parts 
became  manifest.  Emigration  to  other  states  continued  to 
absorb  a  large  portion  of  the  surplus  population  in  this  de- 
cennial period,  and  will  be  manifest  to  a  still  greater  de- 
gree in  the  following.  A  few  years  before  1820,  the  influ- 
ence of  the  manufacturing  interest  seems  to  have  operated 
in  detaining  the  population  within  the  Hmits  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. Afterwards  it  will  be  seen  to  have  been  much 
greater. 

During  the  ten  years  from  1810  to  1820,  the  increase  of 
the  population  was  less  than  in  either  of  the  other  decades, 
amounting  to  only  1085  />er  cent,  in  the  whole  state ;  still 
this  tendency  to  a  centralization  of  the  population  in  and 
near  Boston,  manifests  itself;  so  that  in  1820,  the  circle 
with  a  radius  of  35  miles  embraced  277,160  inhabitants,  or 
15,516|  more  thari  half,  of  whom  6,895  belonged  to  5 
towns  35  miles  from  Boston,  reducing  the  number  within 
34  miles  to  270,265,  or  8,621^  more  than  half,  of  whom 
5,592  belonged  to  2  towns,  reducing  the  number  within  33 
miles  to  264,673  inhabitants,  or  3,029|  more  than  half,  and 
of  whom  2,978  belonged  to  3  towns  within  33  miles,  re- 
ducing the  number  within  32  miles  to  261,695  inhabitants, 
or  51^  more  than  half 

The  increase  of  the  population  of  Massachusetts  was 
greau^r  from  1820  to  1830,  than  during  either  of  the  three 


INCREASE    IN    THE    RANGES.  81 

preceding  decennial  periods,  and  the  tendency  to  a  central- 
ization in  and  about  Boston  became  more  apparent  than 
before.  During  tliis  period,  Lowell  in  the  range  of  20  and 
not  exceeding  25  miles,  commenced  an  existence  under  re- 
markably favorable  circumstances,  and  the  increase  of  the 
range  of  40  and  not  exceeding  45  miles,  "was  still  greater, 
in  consequence  of  the  rapid  growth  of  Fall  River,  New 
Bedford  and  Wareham,  in  their  manufacturing  and  com- 
mercial interests.  The  range  from  75  to  80  miles,  includ- 
ing Springfield,  had  an  increase  of  more  than  the  average 
m  the  state.  In  the  other  ranges  the  increase  was  less 
than  the  average  in  the  state.  There  was  a  small  loss  in 
the  range  from  90  to  95  miles,  and  a  decrease  of  26-83  per 
cent,  in  the  range  from  120  to  125  miles.  In  1830,  the  cir- 
cle with  a  radius  of  30  miles,  embraced  295,952  inhabit- 
ants, or  9,252  less  than  half;  but  the  circle  with  a  radius 
oi  31  miles,  including  2  more  towns,  whose  population 
was  9,590,  embraced  305,542  inhabitants,  or  338  more 
than  half. 

From  1830  to  1840,  the  increase  of  the  population  was 
greater  than  during  either  of  the  four  preceding  decennial 
periods,  especially  that  in  and  near  Boston.  In  Boston  it 
was  2|  times  the  average  of  the  state ;  in  the  contiguous 
towns,  twice ;  in  the  2d  range,  1|  times  ;  in  the  5th  range, 
embracing  Lowell,  If  times;  in  the  9th  range,  embracing 
New  Bedford,  and  in  the  16th,  embracing  Springfield,  a 
little  more  than  the  average.  About  half  of  the  absolute 
increase  in  the  last  three  ranges  just  mentioned,  was  owing 
to  the  towns  specified  respectively.  In  the  25th  range,  the 
increase  was  a  little  more  than  the  average.  In  the  15th 
and  19th  ranges  there  was  a  decrease ;  and  in  the  rest  the 
increase  was  less  than  the  average. 

In  1840,  the  circle  with  a  radius  of  30  miles  embraced 
386,802  inhabitants,  or  17,952  more  than  half.  There 
were  10  towns  whose  centres  are  30  miles  from  Boston, 


82  POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

and  containing,  in  1840,  28,108  inhabitants,  from  which 
deduct  17,952,  and  there  will  remain  10,156  less  than  half 
the  population  embraced  by  a  circle  with  a  radius  of  29 
miles,  in  1840. 

Thus,  the  seventy-five  years  from  1765  to  1840  may  be 
divided  into  two  periods,  of  nearly  equal  length  in  respect 
to  this  movement  of  the  population  of  Massachusetts ;  the 
first  of  thirty-five  years  to  1800,  in  which  the  dimensions 
of  the  circle  about  Boston,  embracing  half  of  the  popula- 
tion, being  smaller  in  1765  than  at  any  epoch  since,  in- 
creased to  1800,  when  they  attained  a  'maximum ;  and  the 
second  of  forty  years  from  1800  to  1840,  in  which  these 
dimensions  were  successively  reduced  in  each  decennial 
period.  In  other  words,  the  diameter  of  the  circle  about 
Boston,  embracing  half  of  the  population  of  the  state, 
which  was  60  miles  in  1765,  was  lengthened  about  10 
miles  in  twenty-five  years,  remained  nearly  stationary  at 
70  miles  till  1800 ;  was  shortened  about  2  miles  from  1800 
to  J  810;  about  4  miles  from  1810  to  1820;  about  2  miles 
from  1820  to  1830;    and  about  4  miles  from  1830  to  1840. 

It  may  be  here  observed  that  the  population,  embraced 
by  a  circle  with  a  radius  of  30  miles,  was  greater,  in  1840, 
than  the  whole  population  of  the  state  in  1790,  by  8;015  ; 
in  other  words,  8,015  more  persons  lived  within  30  miles 
of  Boston,  in  1840,  than  belonged  to  the  whole  state  in 
1790,  fifty  years  before.  In  1840,  there  were  within  20 
miles  of  Boston  28,629  more  persons  than  the  whole  popu- 
lation of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  10,345-| 
more  persons  within  a  circle  of  5  miles  about  Boston,  em- 
bracing 8  towns,  than  half  of  the  population  in  1765,  sev- 
enty-five years  before. 

The  tendency  to  a  centralization  of  the  population  in 
and  about  the  capital,  is  also  shown  by  the  movement  of 
the  centre  of  the  population  of  the  state  eastward  towards 
Boston,  during  the  period  from  1790  to  1840.     By  the  cen- 


CENTRE   OI'-    POPULATION,  83 

tre  of  population  I  mean,  the  point  of  intersection  of  two 
straight  lines,  one  running  east  and  west,  and  the  other  north 
and  south  ;  by  the  first  of  which  lines  half  the  population 
shall  be  noi'th  and  half  south  of  it;  and  by  the  other,  half 
shall  be  west  and  half  east  of  it.  It  may  surprise  some  to 
find  that  the  centre  of  the  population  of  Massachusetts  has 
been  so  near  Boston,  for  the  last  eighty  years,  as  will  be 
seen  from  the  following  facts,  showing  the  position  of  this 
point  at  seven  epochs,  including  the  Provincial  census  of 
1765. 

A  line  east  and  tvest,  beginning  at  the  south-easterly 
side  of  Boston,  and  running  on  the  southerly  side  oi  Bos- 
ton,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk  ;  of  Cambridge,  Watertoion, 
Waltham,  Weston,  Wayland,  Sudbury  ayid  Marlborough, 
in  the  county  of  Middlesex ;  of  Noi-thborough,  Boylston, 
West  Boylston,  Holden,  Rutland,  Oakham,  Neio  Braintree 
and  Hardwick,  in  the  county  of  Worcester  ;  of  Greenwich, 
Prescott  and  Pelham,,  in  the  county  of  Hampshire ;  of  Lev- 
erett,  Sunderland  and  Whately,  in  the  county  of  Franklin; 
of  Hatfield,  Williamsburg,  Chesterfield,  Worthington  and 
Middleficld,  in  the  county  of  Hampshire  ;  and  of  Wash- 
ington, Lenox  and  Richm,07id,  in  the  county  of  Berkshire, 
to  the  state  of  New  York,  divides  the  territory  of  Massa- 
chusetts into  two  parts,  each  of  which  contained  nearly  an 
equal  number  of  inhabitants,  according  to  the  six  censuses 
of  the  United  States.  The  section  south  of  this  line  con- 
tained 276-|  more  than  half,  in  1790;  2,966|  less  than  half 
in  1800;  8,022  less  in  1810;  8,044-1  less  in  1820;  11,9.53 
less  in  1830 ;  and  24,922  less  than  half  in  1840,  as  exhib- 
ited by  counties  and  parts  of  counties,  in  Table  XI.,  and 
the  same  also  for  the  section  north  of  the  dividing  line. 
The  population  of  the  towns  forming  parts  of  counties  for 
the  southern  section,  is  exhibited  for  each  epoch  in  Table 
XII. 


S4 

POPULATION 

OF    MAi? 

SACHUSETTS. 

TABLE  XI.- 

-Exhibiting  the  Population  of 

the  Counties  and  Parts  of  Counties,          ] 

on  each  side 

of  a  line  east  akd  west,  n- 

hick  divides  the  F oxidation  of 

the 

State  into  tii 

0  nearly  equal  portions. 

Pakt  I. — Containing  the  Southern  Section. 

POPULATIO.V  ACCORDING  TO  THE  CENSUS  OF 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840     j 

Population,      -    - 

244,149 

378,787 

422,845 

472,040 

523,287 

610,408 

737,700; 

Half,      ...    - 

122,0744 

189,393^ 

211,422i 

236,020 

261,643^ 

305,204' 

368,850 . 

Nantucket  County, 

3,320 

4,620 

5,617 

6,807 

7,266 

7,202J 

9,0!  2 

Dukes              "    - 

2,346 

3,265 

3,118 

3,290 

3,292 

3,5171 

3,('' 

Barnstable       "     - 

12,376 

17,354 

19,293 

22,211 

24,026 

28,5141 

32.: 

Plymouth        "     - 

25,756 

31,740 

32,302 

35,169 

38,136 

43,0441 

47, s;.. 

Bristol              "     - 

21,301 

31,709 

33,880 

37,168j    40,908 

49,592 

60,Jt„-. 

Norfolk            "     - 

17,682 

23,878 

27,216 

31,245     36,471 

41,972 

53,111) 

Part  of  Middle'x  Co. 

4,181 

5,206 

5,249 

5,540      6,394 

7,215 

9,337. 

Part  of  Worces.      " 

18,908 

28,038 

29,425 

31,000     35,775 

43,276 

51,625 1 

Hampden                " 

9,021 

19,193 

23,462 

24,42l|    28,021 

31,639 

37,366; 

Part  of  Hampsh.    " 

4,720 

10,067 

12,467 

13,957     16,415 

19,473 

19,346' 

Part  of  Berkshire   " 

5,661 

14,600 

16,427 

17,190     16.895 

17,807 

20, Uo^'^ 

Total  on  south  side, 

125,272 

189,670 

208,456 

227,998 

253,599 

293,251 

343,',»J> 

Difference,    - 

-4-3,197^ 

+276^ 

—2,966^ 

—8,022 

—8,044^ 

—11,953 

-24,.'.'C: 

Part 

[I. — Containing  the  Northern  Section. 

POPULAnO.V  ACCORDING  TO  THE  CENSUS  OF 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1810 

Suffolk  County,     - 
Essex        "      -     - 
Part  of  Rliddle'x  Co. 
Part  of  VVorces'r    " 
Franklin                 " 
Part  of  iJamp.sh.    " 
Part  of  Berkshire  " 

15,982 

43.524 

30,759 

15,259 

5,999 

1,709 

5,645 

18,792 
57,913 
37,531 
28,769 
21,743 
8,756 
15,613 

25,786 
61,196 
41,679 
31,767 
26,300 
10;418 
17,243 

34,381 
71,888 
47,249 
33,910 
27,421 
10,596 
18,597 

43,940 
74,655 
55,078 
37,850 
29,418 
10,072 
18,675 

62,163 
82,859 
70,746 
41,079 
29,630 
10,781 
19,899 

95.": 
94,!'- 

43.r,- 
28,M' 
11..' 
21,t 

Total  on  north  side, 
Difference,    - 

118,877 
— 3,197i 

189,117 
—276^ 

214,389 
+2,966i 

211,042 
-j-8,022 

269,688 
+8,0 14i 

317,157 
+11,953 

393,77: 
+24,92: 

Half  the  Population, 

122,074^ 

189,393i 

211,422i  236,020 

261,6434 

305,204 

368,851 

CENTRE    OF    POPULATION. 


9& 


TABLE  XII. — Exhibiting  the  Popuhitioti  of  the  Tomts  forming  Parts  of  Coun- 
ties south  of  the  east  and  west  line  which  divides  the  Population  of  the  Com- 
monwealth into  two  nearly  equal  portions. 


POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  THE  CENSUS  OF 

TOWNS. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830      1840 

Holliston,   - 

705!       875 

783 

989 

1,042 

1,304 

1,782 

Hopkinton, 

1,027;    1,317 

1,372 

1,345 

1,655 

1,809 

2,245 

Sherburue, 

670:       801 

775 

770 

811 

899 

995 

Natick, 

474       615 

694 

766 

849 

890 

1,285 

Framingham, 

1,305^    1,598     1,625 

1,670 

2,037 

2,313 

3,030 

Part  of  Middlesex  County, 

4,181'    5,206'    5,249 

5,540 

6,394 

7,215    9,337 

MendoQ,     -        .        - 

1,838 

1.555     1,628 

1,819 

2,254 

3,152 

3,524 

Uxbridge,  - 

1,213 

1,308     1,404 

1,404 

1,551 

2,086 

2,004 

Douglas,     - 

521 

1,079|    1,083 

1,142 

1,375 

1,742 

1,617 

Webster,     ... 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

1,403 

Dudley, 

748 

1,114 

1,140 

1,226 

1,615 

2,155 

1,352 

Southbridge, 

- 

. 

- 

. 

1,066 

1,444 

2,031 

Sturbridge, 

896 

1,768 

1,846 

1,927 

1,633 

1,688 

2,005 

Charletou,  - 

739 

1,965 

2,120 

2,180 

2,134 

2,173 

2,117 

Oxford, 

890 

1,237 

1,237 

1,277 

1,562 

2,034 

1,742 

Sutton, 

2,138 

2,642 

2,513 

2,660 

2,056 

2,186 

2,370 

Northbridge, 

. 

569 

544 

713 

905 

1,053 

1,449 

Milford,      - 

. 

839 

907 

973 

1,160 

1,360 

1,773 

Upton, 

614 

833 

854 

995 

1,088 

1,167 

1,466 

Grafton,     .         -        - 

763 

872 

985 

946 

1,154 

1,889 

2,943 

Millbury,    - 

. 

- 

- 

- 

926 

1,611 

2,171 

Auburn,     - 

. 

473 

532 

540 

608 

690 

649 

Shrewsbury, 

1,401 

963 

1.048 

1,210 

1,458 

1,386 

1.481 

Westborough, 

1,110 

934 

'922 

1,048 

1,326 

1,438 

1,658 

Southborough,    - 

731 

837 

871 

926 

1,030 

1,080 

1,145 

Worcester, 

1,478 

2,095 

2,411 

2,577 

2.962 

4,173 

7,497 

Paxton, 

. 

558 

582 

619 

'613 

597 

670 

Leicester,   -        -        - 

770 

1,076 

1,103 

1,181 

1,252 

1,782 

1,707 

Spencer,     - 

664 

1,322 

1,432 

1,453 

1,548 

1,618 

1,604 

Brookfield, 

1,811 

3,100 

3,284 

3,170 

2  292 

2,342 

2,472 

Warren, 

583 

899 

979 

1,014 

l'll2 

1,189 

1,290 

North  Brookfield, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,095 

1,241 

1,485 

Part  of  Worcester  County, 

18,908 

28,038 

29,425 

31,000 

35,775 

43,276 

51,625 

Ware, 

485 

773 

997 

996 

1,154 

2,045 

1,890 

Belchertown, 

418 

1,485 

1,878 

2,270 

2,426 

2,491 

2,554 

Granby, 

. 

596 

786 

850 

1,066 

1,064 

971 

South  Hadley,     - 

817 

759 

801 

902 

1,047 

1,185 

1,458 

Easthampton,     - 

457 

586 

660 

712 

745 

717 

12 


86 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XII.— Continued. 


POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  THE  CENSUS  OF 

TOWNS. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Southampton, 

497 

829 

983 

1,171 

1,160 

1,244 

1,157 

Westhampton,    - 

- 

683 

756 

793 

896 

918 

759 

Norwich,    - 

- 

742 

959 

968 

849 

795 

750 

Northampton,      - 

1,285 

1,628 

2,190 

2,631 

2,854 

3,613 

3,750 

Had  ley,       - 

573 

882 

1,073 

1,247 

1,461 

1,686 

1,814 

Amherst,    - 

645 

1,233 

1,358 

1,469 

1,917 

2,631 

2,550 

Enfield,      - 

- 

- 

- 

- 

873 

1,056 

976 

Partof  Hampshire  County, 

4,720 

10,067 

12,467 

13,957 

16,415 

19,473 

19,346 

Sandisfield, 

409 

1,742 

1,857 

1,795 

1,646 

1,655 

1,464 

New  Marlborough, 

1,550 

1,550 

1,848 

1,832 

1,668 

1,656 

1,682 

Sheffield,    - 

1,073 

1,899 

2,050 

2,439 

2,476 

2,382 

2,322 

Mount  Washington,    - 

. 

261 

291 

474 

467 

345 

438 

Boston  Corner,    - 

. 

67 

- 

92 

64 

65 

E^remont, 

759 

759 

835 

790 

865 

890 

1,038 

A 1  ford, 

. 

577 

518 

522 

570 

512 

481 

Great  Barrington, 

550 

1,373 

1,754 

1,784 

1,908 

2,264 

2,704 

Tyringham, 

325 

1,397 

1,712 

1,689 

1,443 

1    1,350 

1,477 

Otis,  ...         - 

. 

605 

1,102 

1.111 

981 

1,012 

1,177 

Becket, 

751 

751 

930 

1,028 

984 

1,063 

1,342 

Lee,   -        -        -        . 

. 

1,170 

1,267 

1,305 

1,384 

1,825 

2,428 

Stockbridge, 

244 

1,336 

1,261 

1,372 

1,377 

1,580 

1,992 

West  Stockbridge, 

- 

1,113 

1,002 

1,049 

1,034 

1,209 

1,448 

Part  of  Berkshire  County, 

5,661 

14,600 

16,427 

17,190 

16,895 

17,807 

20,058 

From  these  two  tables  it  appears  that  the  northern  sec- 
tion, including  Boston  and  Lowell,  has  increased  rather 
more  than  the  southern,  which  includes  some  very  flourish- 
ing towns,  as  Springfield,  Worcester,  Fall  River,  New 
Bedford,  &c.  The  increase  of  Boston  and  Lowell  has 
been  much  greater  than  the  average  of  the  state,  and  more 
than  sufficient  to  account  for  the  difference  of  increase  in 
the  two  sections. 

The  population  of  the  southern  section,  in  1765,  was 
3,1974,  or  130  per  cetit.  more  than  half.     In  1790,  the  pro- 


CENTRE   OF   POPULATION.  87 

portion  was  nearly  equal  in  the  two  sections.  The  in- 
crease in  the  northern  section  was  greater  in  every  period, 
except  from  1810  to  1820,  and  in  1840  amounted  to  the 
difference  of  24,922,  or  3-^7  pei-  cent.,  showing  a  change  of 
28,119|-  in  the  difference  in  the  seventy- five  years. 

This  movement,  however,  is  in  some  respects  more  ap- 
parent than  real.  There  was  an  error,  probably,  of  about 
8,465  in  the  United  States  census  of  1840.  By  the  state 
ceuwsus,  the  population  of  Boston,  May  1,  1840,  was  83,979, 
exclusive  of  a  few  not  enumerated,  and  by  the  United  States 
census,  taken  one  month  later,  it  was  93,383,  or  9,404  more. 
In  Ward  2,  the  state  census  made  the  population  6,817,  and 
the  United  States  census  15,282,  or  8,465  more,  which  is  in- 
credible ;  and  it  appears  that  more  than  one  thousand  per- 
sons were  enumerated  as  belonging  to  each  of  two  boarding- 
houses  in  this  ward,  June  1,  1840.  Supposing  there  is  an 
error  of  8,465,  which  being  taken  from  737,700,  there  re- 
main 729,235  for  the  population  of  Massachusetts,  half  of 
which  is  364,617^-,  from  which  take  343,928  in  the  south- 
ern section  of  the  state  ;  then  it  will  want  20,689|-  of  being 
half.  Until  March  6,  1804,  South  Boston  belonged  to  Dor- 
chester, and  was  included  in  the  southern  division  of  the 
state.  It  constituted  Ward  12,  and  contained  6,176  inhab- 
itants in  1840.  Also  part  of  Ward  6,  called  the  Mill  Dam, 
was  taken  from  Brookline,  February  22,  1825,  then  contain- 
ing about  500  inhabitants,  and  in  1840  probably  1,200. 
These  sums  amount  to  7,376,  which  taken  from  20,689|, 
there  remained  ]3,313|  less  in  the  southern  than  in  the 
northern  division,  in  1840,  amounting  to  ISO  per  cent.,  and 
showing  a  difference  in  seventy-five  years  of  3-11  per  cent, 
only.  Moreover,  this  difference  would  have  been  still  more 
reduced,  had  the  dividing  line  of  the  state,  instead  of  run- 
ning on  the  south  side  of  Boston,  been  carried  through  the 
centre,  or  rather  through  the  state  house,  east  and  west ; 
which  would  have  been  more  desirable  for  the  purposes  of 


88  POPULATION  OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

this  article,  and  would  have  been  done,  had  there  been  the 
means  of  determining  the  number  of  inhabitants  on  each 
side  of  this  line  at  the  several  epochs.  But  it  may  be  re- 
marked that  the  northern  parts  of  Boston  were  settled  at 
an  earlier  date,  and  the  increase  since  1790  has  been  much 
greater  in  its  southerly  parts;  and  out  of  the  75,063,  it  is 
believed  that  the  increase  of  the  southerly  parts  of  Boston, 
exclusive  of  the  parts  set  off  from  Dorchester  and  Brook- 
line,  has  been  in  greater  proportion  than  in  the  northerly 
parts,  so  as  materially  to  reduce  this  difference  of  13,313|-, 
and  make  the  increase  in  the  southern  section  of  the  state 
substantially  the  same  as  the  northern  section,  especially 
if  we  leave  out  of  the  comparison  the  city  of  Boston. 

The  movement  of  the  north  and  south  line,  carrying 
with  it  the  point  of  intersection  or  the  centre  of  popula- 
tion, has  been  very  sensible,  as  we  shall  see  from  what  fol- 
lows. And  what  is  more  surprising,  is,  that  the  centre  of 
population  was  a  little  nearer  the  centre  of  Boston  in  1765 
than  in  1840.  From  1765  to  1790,  this  centre  moved  west- 
ward from  the  western  boundary  of  Boston,  about  10 
miles,  to  Weston,  and  continued  slightly  to  move  in  that 
direction  till  1800,  when  it  attained  its  maximum ;  after- 
wards this  point  moved  eastward  till  1840,  though  irregu- 
larly, during  each  of  the  four  intervals.  Thus,  the  centre 
of  the  jjopiilation  of  Massachusetts  moved  wcsticard  from 
1765  to  1800,  and  eastward  from  1800  to  1840,  nearly  to 
the  point  where  it  was  seventy-five  years  before.  This 
movement,  from  1800  to  1810,  amounted  to  about  4  miles: 
from  1810  to  1820  it  was  very  slightly  eastward ;  from 
1820  to  1830  it  amounted  to  nearly  2  miles ;  and  from  1830 
to  1840  to  about  4  miles. 

The  two  sections  of  the  state  containing  the  two  nearly 
equal  portions  of  the  population,  one  on  the  west  side  and 
the  other  on  the  east  side  of  the  line  running  north  and 
south,  together  with  the  counties  and  parts  of  counties  em- 
braced by  each  portion,  are  exhibited  in  the  next  two  tables. 


CENTRE    OF    POPULATION. 


89 


TABLE  XIII. — Exhibiting  the  Poptilation  of  the  Counties  and  Parts  of  Counties 
on  each  side  of  a  line  north  and  south,  n-hich  divides  the  Population  of  the  State 
into  two  nearly  equal  portioris,  at  seven  epochs. 

Part  I. — Containing  the  Western  Section. 


1765 

1790 

1800 

1810      1820 

1830      1840 

Population, 
Half,    - 

244149 
122074^ 

378787 
189393^ 

422845 
211422;! 

472040'523287 
236020261643^ 

610408  737700 
305204,368850 

Berkshire,    - 
Hampshire, 
Hampden,    - 
Franklin, 
Worcester,   - 

11,306 
6,429 
9,021 
5,999 

34,167 

30,213 
18,823 
19,193 
21,743 

56,807 

33,670 
22,885 
23,462 
26,300 
61,192 

35,787  35,570 
24,553  26,487 
24,42ll  28,021 
27,421129,418 
64,910  73,625 

37,706',  41,475 
30,254  30,897 
31,639  37,366 
29,630,  28,812 
84,355j  95,313 

5  Western  Counties, 

Part  of  Middlesex, 
"      Norfolk,  - 
"      Bristol,     - 
"      Essex, 

66,922 

31,906 
7,542 

10,385 
5,355 

146779 

25,411 
8,663 
8,660 

167509 

27,115 
9,196 

8,964 

_ 

177092  193121 

34,940  39,380 
13,426  15,528 
10,451  13,325 

213584:234133 

54,553  91,096 

16,697  17,776 

13,595  14,345 

6,536  11,794 

Western  Section,  - 
Difference,    - 

122110 
+35i 

189513 

212784 
+1361^ 

235909 
—111 

261354 
— 289i 

304965  369144 
—239   +294 

Half,    - 

122074^ 

189393 

211422^236020 

261643^ 

305204  368850 

Part  II. — Containing  the  Eastern  Section. 


Population, 
Half,    - 

244149 
122074^ 

378787 
189393^ 

122845 
211422^ 

472040 

236020 

523287 
261643.^ 

610408 
305204 

737700 
368850 

Nantucket,  - 
Dukes, 
Barnstable,  - 
Plymouth,    - 
Suffolk, 

3,320 

2,346 

12,376 

25,756 

15,982 

4,620 

3,265 

17,354 

31,740 

18,792 

5,617 

3,118 

19,293 

32.302 

25,786 

6,807 

3,290 

22,211 

3-5,169 

34,381 

7,266 

3,292 
24,026 
38,136 
43,940 

7,2u2 

3,517 

28,514 

43,044 

62,163 

9,012 

3,958 

32,548 

47,373 

95,773 

5  Eastern  Counties, 

Part  of  Middlesex, 
"      Norfolk,  - 
"      Bristol,     - 
"      Essex,      - 

59,780 

3,034 
10,140 
10.916 
38,169 

75,771 

17,326 
15,215 
23,049 
57,913 

86,116 

19,813 
18,020 
24,916 
61,196 

101858 

17,849 
17,819 
26,717 
71,888 

116660 

22,092 
20,943 
27,583 
74,655 

144440 

23,408 
25,275 
35,997 
76,323 

188664 

15,515 
35,364 
45,820 
83,193 

Eastern  Section,  - 
Difference,    - 

122039    189274 
-35i!  -119^ 

210061 
-1361^ 

236131,261933  !305413 
+111    +289^1  +239 

368556 
—294 

Half,    - 

122074^! 

189393^ 

211422^ 

236020 

261643i 

305204 

368850 

90 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XIV. — Exhibiting  the  Population  of  Towns  belonging  to  divided  Conn- 
ties  in  the  Western  Section  of  the  State,  at  the  several  epochs. 


TOWNS. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Ashby, 

751 

941 

1.103 

1,188 

1,240 

1,246 

Townsend, 

598 

993 

1,149 

1,246 

1,482 

1,506 

1,892 

Pepperell,  - 

758 

1,132 

1,198 

1,333 

1,439 

1,440 

1,571 

Shirley, 

430 

677 

713 

814 

922 

991 

957 

Groton, 

1,423 

1,840 

1,802 

1,886 

1,897 

1,925 

2,139 

Dunstable,  - 

559 

380 

485 

475 

584 

593 

603 

Tyngsborough,   - 

382 

696 

704 

808 

822 

870 

Westford,   - 

962 

1,229 

1,267 

1,330 

1,409 

1,329 

1,436 

Littleton,    - 

773 

854 

904 

773 

955 

947 

927 

Boxborough, 

412 

387 

388 

424 

474 

426 

Acton, 

611 

853 

901 

885 

1,047 

1,128 

1,121 

Stow, 

794 

801 

890 

885 

1,071 

1,220 

1,230 

Marlborough, 

1,287 

1,554 

1,735 

1,674 

1,952 

2,077 

2,101 

Hopkinton, 

1,027 

1,317 

1,372 

1,345 

1,655 

1,809 

2,245 

HoUiston,   -        -        - 

705 

875 

783 

989 

1,042 

1,304 

1,782 

Sherburne, 

670 

801 

775 

770 

811 

899 

995 

Natick, 

474 

615 

694 

766 

849 

890 

1,285 

Framingham, 

1,305 

1,598 

1,625 

1,670 

2,037 

2,313 

3,030 

Wayland,   -        -        - 

, 

801 

835 

824 

962 

944 

998 

Weston,      .         .         - 

768 

1,010 

1,027 

1,008 

1,041 

1,091 

1,092 

Sudbury,    - 

1,773 

1,290 

1.303 

1,287 

1,417 

1,423 

1,422 

Lincoln,      .         -         - 

649 

740 

'756 

713 

706 

709 

686 

Concord,     - 

1,564 

1,590 

1,679 

1,633 

1,788 

2,017 

1,784 

Carlisle, 

.555 

634 

672 

681 

566 

556 

Chelmsford, 

1,'012 

1,144 

1,290 

1,396 

1,535 

1,387 

1,697 

Lowell, 

6,474 

20,796 

Dracut, 

1,217 

1,217 

1,274 

1,301 

1,407 

1,615 

2,188 

Tewksbury, 

781 

943 

1,008 

1,527 

906 

Billerica,     - 

1,334 

1,289 

1,380 

1,374 

1,632 

Burlington, 

471 

508 

446 

510 

Bedford,      - 

457 

592 

648 

685 

929 

Lexington, 

912 

1,052 

1,200 

1,543 

1,642 

"West  Cambridge, 

1,230 

1,363 

Waltham,   - 

663 

1,014 

1,'677 

1,857 

2,504 

Watertown, 

693 

1,664 

1,810 

Newton,      -         -         - 

1,308 

1,709 

1,850 

2,376 

3,351 

Wilmington, 

673 

, 

731 

859 

Woburn,     .         -         - 

1,515 

1,977 

2,993 

Beading,     - 

1,530 

• 

, 

2,193 

Stoneham,  -         -         - 

340 

* 

1,017 

Medford,     - 

790 

2.478 

Cambridge, 

1,571 

8,409 

Brighton,    - 

1,425 

Part  of  Middlesex  County, 

31,906 

25,411 

27,115 

31,940 

39,380 

54,553 

91.096 

CENTRE    OF    POPULATION. 


91 


TABLE  XIV.- 

—Continued. 

TOWNS. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820      1830 

1840 

Bellingham, 

468 

735 

704 

766 

1,034 

1,102 

1,055 

INIedway,     . 

785 

1,035 

1,050 

1,213 

1,523 

1,756 

2,043 

Franklin,     . 

1,101 

1,285 

1,398 

1,630 

1,662 

1,717 

Wrentham, 

2,022 

1,767 

2,061 

2,478 

2,801 

2,698;    2,915 

Foxborough, 

671 

779 

870 

1,004 

1,1651    1,298 

Walpole, 

785 

1,005 

989 

1,098 

1,366 

1,442!    1,491 

Med  field,     . 

628 

731 

745 

786 

892 

817 

883 

Dover, 

485 

511 

548 

548 

497 

520 

Needham,   . 

945 

1,130 

1,072 

1,097 

1,227 

1,418|    1,488 

Dedham, 

1,909 

2,172 

2,493 

3,117|    3,290 

Sharon, 

■ 

1,000 

1,010 

1,023 

1,076 

Fart  of  Norfolk  County, 

7,542 

8,663 

9,196 

13,426 

15,528 

16,697 

17,776 

Attleborough, 

1,739 

2,166 

2,480 

2,716 

3,055     3,215    3,585 

Pawtucket, 

1,459     2,184 

Seekonk, 

2,775     2,133|    1,996 

Sn-anzey,     . 

1,840 

1,784 

1,741 

1.839 

1,933     1,678 

1,484 

Rehoboth,    . 

3,690 

4,710 

4,743 

4,866 

2,740    2,459 

2,169 

Norton, 

1,942 

1,600     1,479 

1,545 

Mansfield,  . 

, 

1,030 

1,222     1,172 

1,382 

Dighton, 

1,174 

• 

Part  of  Bristol  County, 

10,385 

8,660 

8,964 

10,451 

13,325  13,595  14,345 

Methuen,     . 

933 

2,006 

2.251 

Andover,     . 

2,442 

. 

4,530 

5,207 

Haverhill,   . 

• 

1,980 

• 

4,336 

Part  of  Essex  County, 


5,355 


6,5361 11,794 


In  1765,  the  line,  commencing  at  the  northerly  corner  of 
Haverhill,  and  running  on  the  westerly  side  of  Amesbtiry, 
West  Newbury,  Bradford,  Boxford,  Middleton  and  Lynn- 
Jield,  in  the  county  of  Essex;  of  South  Reading,  Maiden 
and  Charlestown,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex ;  of  Boston, 
in  the  county  of  Suffolk  ;  of  Brookline,  Roxbury,  Dorches- 
ter, Milton,  Canton  and  Stonghton,  in  the  county  of  Nor- 
folk ;  and  of  Easton,  Raynham,  Taunton,  Berkley  and  Som- 
erset, in  the  county  of  Bristol,  divided  the  territory  of  Mas- 


9iS  POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

sachiisetts  into  two  parts,  the  section  tcest  of  this  Hne  con- 
taining 122,110  inhabitants,  or  35|  more  than  half,  and  that 
east  of  it  122,1)39,  or  35|  less  than  half  the  population.  This 
line  differs  from  that  in  1S40  only  by  running  east  instead 
of  icest  of  Dighton,  and  by  including  that  town  in  the 
western  section,  in  176.5. 

During  the  twenty-five  years  from  1765  to  1790,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  western  part  of  the  state  being  very  much 
settled  by  agricultural  people,  the  movement  of  the  centre 
of  population  was  westward ;  but,  as  we  shall  see,  a  con- 
trary effect  from  1790,  or  rather  from  1800  to  1840,  especi- 
ally during  the  last  half  of  these  forty  years,  was  pro- 
duced chiefly  by  the  increase  of  manufactures  and  com- 
merce in  the  easterly  part  of  the  Commonwealth. 

In  1790,  the  line,  which  materially  differs  from  the  one 
in  1765,  beginning  at  the  north-easterly  corner  of  Dracut, 
in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and  running  on  the  westerly 
side  of  Metlmen,  in  the  county  of  Essex  ;  of  Teicksbwy^ 
Billerica,  Bedford,  Lexington,  Waltham  and  Nczvton,  in 
the  county  of  Middlesex ;  of  Dedham  and  Sharon,  in  the 
county  of  Norfolk ;  and  of  Mansfield,  Norton,  Dighton  and 
Somerset,  in  the  county  of  Bristol,  divided  the  state  into 
two  parts,  the  section  west  of  this  line  containing  189,513 
inhabitants,  or  119^  more  than  half,  and  that  east  of  it 
189,085,  or  119|-  less  than  half  the  population.  This  places 
the  centre  of  population  in  Weston,  some  11  or  12  miles 
from  Boston,  in  1790. 

In  1800,  the  same  line  divided  the  state  into  nearly 
equal  parts,  the  portion  icest  of  it  containing  212,784  in- 
habitants, or  1,361 1  more  than  half,  and  the  portion  east  of 
it  210,061,  or  1,361|-  less  than  half  the  population,  show- 
ing that  the  centre  of  population  slightly  moved  westward 
from  1790  to  1800.  During  these  ten  years  the  increase 
was  small,  owing  to  emigration  to  other  states,  but  was 
uniform  in  respect  to  the  two  sections  of  the  state. 


CENTRE    OK    POPULATION.  93 

From  ISOO  to  1810,  the  centre  of  population  which  re- 
mained nearly  stationary  during  the  preceding  ten  years, 
moved  eastward  very  perceptibly,  so  that  we  have  to  add 
to  the  western  section  10  towns,  viz.  :  Tewksbiiry^  Billeri- 
ca,  Burlington,  Bedford,  Lexingtoji,  Walt  ham  and  New- 
ton, in  the  county  of  Middlesex  ;  Dedham  and  Sharon,  in 
the  county  of  Norfolk ;  and  Mansfield,  in  the  county  of 
Bristol,  with  an  aggregate  population  of  11,272,  in  order 
to  divide  the  north  and  south  line  into  two  equal  portions. 
Thus  in  1810,  the  line  commencing  at  the  north-easterly 
corner  of  Dracut,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and  running 
on  the  westerly  side  of  Methuen  and  Andover,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Essex ;  of  Wilmington,  Wobiirn,  West  Cambridge, 
Watertoivn  and  Brighton,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex ;  of 
Bi'ookline,  Roxbury,  Dorchester,  Milto7i,  Canton  and 
Stonghton,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk ;  of  Easton,  Norton, 
Raynham,  Taunton,  Dighton  and  Somerset,  in  the  county 
of  Bristol,  divided  the  state  into  two  parts,  the  portion  west 
of  the  line  containing  235,909  inhabitants,  or  111  less  than 
half,  and  that  east  of  it  236,131,  or  111  more  than  half  the 
population.  The  movement  of  the  centre  of  population 
eastward  was  about  4  miles  from  1800  to  1810.  The  cen- 
tre of  population  in  1810  was  near  the  south-easterly  cor- 
ner of  Waltham,  about  8  miles  from  Boston. 

During  the  period  from  1810  to  1820,  the  movement  of 
the  centre  of  population  continued  eastward,  the  western 
section  being  increased  only  by  Norton,  in  Bristol  county, 
thus  containing  261,354  inhabitants,  or  289-|-  less  than  half, 
and  the  eastern  section  261,923,  or  289-|  more  than  half  the 
population. 

In  1830,  by  adding  to  the  western  division  6  towns,  viz. : 
Wilmington,  Woburn,  West  Cambridge  and  Watertoicn, 
in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and  Methuen  and  Andover, 
in  the  county  of  Essex,  containing  an  aggregate  of  12,138 
inhabitants,  the  line  beginning  at  the  northerly  corner  of 
13 


% 


94  POPULATION    OF    IMASSACHUSETTS. 

Methuen,  and  running  on  the  westerly  side  of  Haverhill, 
Boxford  and  Middleioji,  in  the  county  of  Essex  ;  of  Read- 
ing, Stoneham,  Medford,  Sotnerville,  Camhidge  and  Brigh- 
ton, in  the  county  of  Middlesex;  of  Brookline,  Rnxbiiry, 
Dorchester,  Milton,  Canton  and  Stoi/ghtofi,  in  the  county 
of  Norfolk  ;  and  of  Easto7i,  Raynltam,  Taunton,  Dighton 
and  Somerset,  in  the  county  of  Bristol,  divided  the  state 
into  two  parts,  the  western  portion  containing  304,965  in- 
habitants, or  239  less  than  half,  and  the  eastern  portion 
305,443,  or  239  more  than  half  the  population.  The  move- 
ment of  the  centre  of  population  from  1820  to  1830,  was 
nearly  2  miles,  and  the  centre  itself  was  near  the  centre  of 
Watertoivn,  about  6  miles  from  Boston,  in  1830. 

In  1840,  by  the  addition,  to  the  western  section,  of  6 
towns,  viz. :  Reading,  Stoneham,  Medford,  Cambridge, 
Brighton  and  Haverhill,  with  an  aggregate  population  of 
19,858,  the  line  commencing  at  the  northerly  corner  of  Ha- 
verhill, and  running  on  the  westerly  side  of  Amesbiiry, 
West  NetDbury,  Bradford,  Boxford,  Middleton  and  Lynn- 
field,  in  the  county  of  Essex  ;  of  South  Reading,  Maiden 
and  Charlestown,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex ;  of  Boston,  in 
the  county  of  Suffolk  ;  of  Brookline,  Roxbury,  Dorchester, 
Milton,  Canton  and  Stoiighton,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk ; 
and  of  Easton,  Raynham,  Taunton,  Dighton  and  Somer- 
set, in  the  county  of  Bristol,  divided  the  state  into  two 
parts,  the  western  section  containing  369,144  inhabitants, 
or  294  Qnore  than  half,  and  the  eastern  section  368,556,  or 
294  less  than  half  the  population.  This  line  differs  from 
the  line  in  1765,  seventy-five  years  before,  only  in  placing 
the  town  of  Dighton  in  the  eastern  section  in  1840,  and 
fixed  the  point  of  intersection  or  centre  of  population,  at 
both  epochs,  near  the  eastern  limit  of  Brighton  and  near 
the  western  limit  of  Boston,  and  about  2  miles  from  the 
state  house.  Thus,  the  centre  of  population,  Avhich  moved 
westivard  about  10  miles  from  1765  to  1790  or  1800,  moved 
eastward  about  the  same  distance  from  1800  to  1840.    What 


CENTRK    OF    POPULATION.  95 

will  be  the  direction  of  this  movement  hereafter,  will  de- 
pend, of  course,  upon  future  events,  which  cannot  be  cal- 
culated upon  with  certainty. 

The  increase  of  the  population,  as  we  have  seen,  has 
been  nearly  uniform  in  each  of  the  two  sections  of  the 
state  ;  the  one  north  and  the  other  south  of  a  line  running 
east  and  loest,  during  the  seventy-five  years  from  1765  to 
1840.  A  marked  difference  has  characterised  the  increase 
of  the  eastern  and  western  sections  during  these  years.  In 
1765,  the  line  north  ajid  south,  dividing  the  population  into 
two  nearly  equal  portions,  passed  near  the  western  boun- 
dary of  Boston.  In  thirty-five  years  to  1800,  it  had  moved 
westward  about  10  miles  to  its  maximum,  so  that,  in  1800, 
we  find  its  intersection  with  the  line  east  and  west  in  or 
near  Weston,  about  10  miles  from  the  Boston  line.  In 
1800,  when  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  two  lines  or 
the  centre  of  population  was  most  westerly,  the  western 
section  contained  1,361|  more  than  half  the  population  of 
the  state.  But,  in  consequence  of  the  movement  of  this 
point  eastward,  we  have  to  add  to  the  icestern  section  a 
population  of  (53,108 — 294)  52,814  inhabitants  in  other 
towns,  together  with  double  its  excess  over  half,  or  2,763, 
making  55,537,  in  order  to  include  in  it  one  half  of  the 
population  in  1840 ;  and  even  with  this  addition,  the  cen- 
tre of  population  is  a  little  farther  icest  than  it  was  in  1765, 
seventy-five  years  before.  These  55,537  are  13-13  per  ceiit. 
of  the  census  of  the  state  in  1800,  and  7-52  per  cent,  of  that 
in  1840.  But  the  increase  of  the  population  of  Boston  in 
these  40  years  was  58,446,  so  that,  leaving  Boston  out  of 
the  account,  the  north  and  south  dividing  line  would  have 
remained  nearly  stationary,  the  increase  in  the  eastern  and 
western  sections  been  uniform,  and  the  proportions  such  as 
they  were  in  1800,  would  have  remained  nearly  the  same 
from  1800  to  1840. 

Thus,  it  is  evident  that  the  centre  of  the  population  of 


96  POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

Massachusetts,  since  1765,  has  remained  near  Boston,  and 
has  not  been  more  than  about  20  miles  from  the  city  of 
Lowell,  which  last  was  very  near  the  centre  of  the  whole 
population  of  New  England  in  1840.* 


*  The  followins  paper,  found  among  the  papers  of  the  late  Rev.'  James  Freeman,  of  Boston, 
is  here  inserted,  as  interesting  in  this  connection  : 

"  Massachusetts,  by  the  census  of  1820,  contains  523,287  inhabitants  ;  261, &44  are  one  half. 

If  a  line  is  drawn  N.  and  S.  as  nearly  as  the  lines  of  the  towns  will  permit,  from  the  N.  E. 

corner  of  Dracut  to  the  S.  E.  corner  of  Swanzey,  it  will  make  an  equal  division  of  the  number 

of  inhabitants  nearly. 

On  the  west  of  the  line  will  be—  .  ,  ,    ,. 

Xo.  Of  Inhabitants. 

Berkshire,        -        -        -        -        ■        -  ■      -  35,720 

Franklin, 29.268 

Hampshire, 26,487 

Hampden, 28,021 

Worcester, 73,625 

In  5  Western  Counties,     -        -        -        -  193,121 

In  Dracut,  Tewksbury,  Billerica,  Woburn,  Lexington,  Walthani, 

Walertown,  Newton,  and  all  the  towns  in  Middlesex  west  of 

this  line. 
In  Needham,  Dedhani,  Sharon,  Foxborough,  and  all  Ihe  towns  in 

Norfolk,  west. 
In  Mansfield,  Norton,  Rehoboth,   Seekonk,   Swanzey,   Attletw- 

roueh,  in  Bristol. 

68,642 

261,763 

If  a  line  is  drawn  W.  and  E.  as  nearly  as  the  lines  of  the  towns  will  permit,  from  the  N.  W. 
corner  of  West  Stockbridge  to  the  S.  part  of  Boston,  it  will  make  an  equal  division  of  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants. 

On  the  south  of  the  line  will  be  West  Stockbridge,  Stockbridge,  Lee,  Becket,  and  all  the 
towns  in  Berkshire  south  of  this  line. 

Middlefield,  Norwicli,  Westliampton,  Northampton,  Hadley,  Granby,  Ware,  and  the  other 
towns  in  Hampshire,  south. 

The  county  of  Hampden. 

N.  Braintree,  Spencer,  Worcester,  Shrewsbury,  Norlliborough,  Soutliborough,  and  all  the 
towns  in  Worcester,  south. 

Framinghara,  Natick,  Weston,  Newton,  Brighton,  and  tlic  other  towns  in  Middlesex,  south. 

5,777  inhabitants  in  the  soutli  part  of  Boston. 

Norfolk,  Plymouth,  Bristol,  Barnstable,  Dukes  county  and  Nantucket. 

Tile  two  lines  will  cross  each  other  in  Newton,  about  5  miles  from  the  state  house  in  Boston. 
This  point  is  the  centre  of  the  population  of  the  state  ;  and  if  the  seal  of  government  is  re- 
moved, it  ought  not  to  be  removed  furllier  to  the  west  tlian  Newton. 

If  a  N.  and  S.  line  is  drawn  through  the  centre  of  the  town  of  Worcester,  it  will  divide  the 
state  into  two  unequal  parts.  East  of  this  line  will  be  Fitchburg,  Leominster,  Sterling,  West 
Boylston,  Slirewsbury,  half  of  Worcester,  Sutton,  Millbury,  Douglas,  and  the  rest  of  the  towns 


CENTRE    OF    TERRITORY.  97 

In  connection  with  what  has  been  said  respecting  the 
centre  of  the  population,  it  may  not  be  uninteresting, 
though  it  is  rather  a  digression  from  the  main  purpose  of 
this  essay,  to  present  some  considerations  rehiting  to  the 
centre  of  the  territory^  derived  from  the  returns  of  the  state 
valuation  in  1840.  These  returns  were  made  by  the 
assessors  of  the  several  towns,  and  contam  the  number  of 
acres  of  land  in  every  town  and  district  except  Boston 
Corner  and  Marshpee.  As  the  number  of  acres  is  taken 
from  the  assessors'  accounts,  it  is  probable  that  it  is  gener- 
ally less  than  the  true  number,  in  consequence  of  a  dispo- 
sition often  felt  to  avoid  too  much  taxation.  As  this  dis- 
position is  general,  we  may  presume  that  there  will  be 
nearly  a  uniform  falling  off  in  the  amount  of  land  in  these 
returns,  so  that  for  our  present  purpose  we  may  consider  it 
as  equivalent  to  the  exact  amount. 

The  whole  quantity  of  land  in  the  several  towns  in  Massa- 
chusetts, according  to  die  returns  of  1840,  is  4,502,843  19-24 
acres,  which,  divided  by  640,  the  number  in  a  square  mile, 
give  7,035  as  the  number  of  square  miles  of  land  in  the 
Commonwealth,  being  very  near  six  sevenths  of  8,200, 
which  is  believed  to  be  almost  the  exact  number  of  square 
acres. 

Assuming  the  line  east  and  west^  which  was  adopted  in 

east  of  the  line  in  Worcester  county,  containing       -  -        30,731  inhabitants. 

Middlesex, 61,472 

Essex, •        -        74,655 

Suffolk, 43,940 

Norfolk, 

Plymouth, 

Bristol, 

Barnstable, 

Dukes  Co. 

Nantucket, 


Total  east  of  the  line,        ....      360,875 
Total  west  of  the  line,  -        -       -       -  162,412 

523,287.' 


9S 


POPULATION  OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


determining  the  centre  of  the  population,  we  shall  find  that 
it  divides  the  territory  of  the  Commonwealth  into  two 
parts,  the  contents  of  which,  according  to  the  returns  of 
1840,  were  as  follows  : 

The  northern  section  includes 


Suffolk  County,  containing 

Essex, 

Franklin, 

Part  of  Middlesex,    . 

Part  of  Worcester, 

Part  of  Hampshire,  . 

Part  of  Berkshire, 


7,669  1-4  acres. 
271,054  1-2 
402,307  1-4 
422,432 
518,595 
146,516  1-4 
286,193 


Northern  Section,  .  2,054,767  1-4  acres, 

or  196,654  31-48  Us%  than  2,251,421  43-48,  one  half  the  number  returned. 

The  southern  section  includes 


Nantucket  County,  containing  . 

Dukes, 

Barnstable, 

Plymouth,     . 

Bristol,    .  .  .  . 

Norfolk, 

Hampden, 

Part  of  Middlesex,  (5  towns,) 

Part  of  Worcester,  (26  towns.)  . 

Part  of  Hampshire,  (12  towns,) 

Part  of  Berkshire,  (14  towns,)  . 


14,206        acres. 

47,868  1-2 
179,159  2-3 
379,898  1-2 
314,273 
247,208  1-8 
353,129 

72,958 
398,992 
182,839  3-4 
257,544    - 


Southern  Section,  .  .      2,448,076  13-24  acres, 

or  196,654  31-48  more  than  one  half  the  number  returned. 

The  distance  of  West  Stockbridge,  in  the  southern  di- 
vision, is  about  120  miles  from  Boston.  As  there  are  320 
rods  in  a  mile,  and  160  square  rods  in  an  acre,  a  strip  of 
land  in  the  southern  division,  one  rod  wide,  from  Boston 
to  West  Stockbridge,  120  miles,  is  equivalent  to  240  acres. 
By  dividing  196,654  31-48  by  240,  we  have  810  rods  for  the 
width  of  this  strip  to  be  added  to  the  northern  division, 
which  is  2|  miles.     A  line  running  2|  miles  sovtli  of  the 


CENTRE    OF    TERRITORY. 


99 


above  east  and  west  line,  and  parallel  with  it,  will  pass 
through  the  town  of  Worcester. 

Thus  by  taking  a  strip  of  2|  miles  from  the  sonthern 
division,  containing  196,654  31-48  acres,  and  adding  it 
to  the  northern  division,  we  have  the  two  sections  equal, 
each  containing  2,251,421  43-48  acres,  and  the  two  contain- 
ing 4,502,843  19-24  acres,  "the  whole  quantity  of  land  re- 
turned," in  1840. 

The  5  towns  in  the  southern  division,  belonging  to  the 
county  of  Middlesex,  are 


Framingham,  containing 
Natick, 
Sherburne,    . 
HoUiston, 
Hopkinton,    . 


19,042  acres. 

10,083 

10,058 

13,787 

19,988 


Part  of  Middlesex  County,  .  .     72,958  acres, 

which,  taken  from  495,390,  the  whole  number  in  the  county,  leave  422,432 
for  the  northern  section. 


\ 


towns  belonging 

to  the  county  of  Worcester 

Southborough,  containing      .            .            9,738  acres. 

Westborough, 

.     12,793 

Shrewsbury,    . 

13,018 

Worcester, 

.     23,334 

Paxton, 

8,319 

North  Brookfield, 

.     13,829 

Spencer, 

20,275 

Leicester, 

.     13,453 

Brookfield, 

27,534 

"Warren,    . 

.     16,248 

Sturbridge, 

21,695 

Southbridge, 

.     12,032 

Charlton, 

25,873 

Dudley,     . 

.     12,820 

Oxford, 

16,385 

Auburn,    . 

.       8,639 

Millbury, 

8,217 

Grafton,    . 

.     13,795 

Sutton, 

19,868 

are 


100 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


Webster, 

Douglas, 

Uxbridge, 

Northbridge, 

Upton, 

Milford, 

Mendon,  . 


9,422 
19,020 
18,352 

8,939 
12,619 
11,874 
20,901 


Part  of  Worcester,  .        398,992  acres, 

which,  taken  from  917,587,  the  whole  number  in  the  county,  leave  518,595 
for  the  northern  division. 

The  12  towns  forming  a  part  of  the  county  of  Hamp- 
shire, are 


Ware,  containing 

16,999  acres 

Enfield,     . 

.      9,856  1-2 

Belchertown, 

30,548 

Granby,    . 

.     15,313 

Amherst, 

16,377 

Hadley,     . 

.     13,906  1-4 

South  Hadley, 

8,450 

Northampton, 

.    20,240 

Easthampton, 

7,472 

Southampton, 

.     15,484  3-4 

Westhampton, 

15,704 

Norwich, 

.     12,489  1-4 

Part  of  Hampshire,       .  .  182,839  3-4  acres, 

which,  taken  from  329,356,  the  whole  number  in  the  county,  leave  146,516  1-4 
for  the  northern  division. 

The  14  towns,  forming  a  part  of  the  county  of  Berk- 
shire, are 

24,779  acres. 


JJCU14.CI,  uuuiaiuiug 

Otis, 

.    22,357 

Sandisfield,   . 

30,014 

New  Marlborough, 

.     26,075 

Tyringham,  . 

28,839 

Lee, 

.     15,061 

Great  Barrington,     . 

25,006 

Sheffield,  . 

.     33,001 

Stockbridge, 

13,568 

West  Stockbridge, 

.     11,467 

CENTRE    OF    TERRITORY. 


101 


Alfor.l, 

7,U05 

Egremont, 

.     10,087 

Mount  Washini^ton, 

10,285 

Boston  Corner,  (no  return.) 

-     ■ 

Part  of  Berkshire,     .  .  .  257,544  acres, 

which,  taken  from  543,737,  leave  286,193  for  the  northern  division. 

A  north  and  south  line,  beginning  at  the  south-westerly 
corner  of  Douglas,  and  running  on  the  westerly  side  of 
Douglas,  Sutton,  Millbiiry,  Shrewsbury,  Boylston,  Sterling, 
Leominster  and  Fitchbifrg,  divides  the  Commonwealth  into 
two  parts,  the  one  east  and  the  other  west.  The  eastern  di- 
vision comprises  the  counties  of 

Barnstable,  containing  .  .  179,159  2-3  acres. 

Nantucket,  ....     14,206 

Dukes,  ....  47,868  1-2 

Plymouth,  ....  379,898  1-2 

Bristol,  ....  314,273 

Norfolk,    .  ...  .  .  247,208  1-8 

Suffolk,  ....  7,669  1-1 

Essex, 271,054  1-2 

Middlesex,     ....  495,390 

And  part  of  Worcester,  (22  towns,)         .  320,726 


2,277,453  13-48  acres, 
or  26,031  31-48  more  than  2,251,421  43-48,  one  half  the  number  returned. 


The  22  towns  belonging 

to  the  county  of  Worcester,  are 

Mendon,  containing 

20,901  acres. 

Milford,    . 

.     11,874 

Upton , 

12,619 

Uxbridge, 

.     18,.352 

Northbridge, 

8,939 

Grafton,    . 

.     13,795 

Westborongh, 

12,793 

Southborough, 

.       9,738 

North  borough. 

9,477 

Berlin, 

.      7,078 

Boltoft, 

14,483 

Harvard,  . 

.     16,449 

Lancaster, 

21,895 

u 

102 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


Boylston, 

.     11,345 

Shrewsbury, 

13,018 

Millbury, 

.      8,217 

Sutton, 

19,868 

Douglas,  . 

.     19,020 

Sterling, 

18,163 

Lunenburg, 

.     17,475 

Leominster, 

.      '       18,194 

ritchburg, 

.     17,033 

320.726  acres, 
which,  taken  from  917,587  in  the  county,  leave  596,861  for  the  western  division. 


The  western  division  comprises 

Berkshire,  containing 

Franklin, 

Hampshire, 

Hampden, 

Part  of  Worcester,  (33  towns,) 


or  26,031  31-48  less  than  half  the  number  returned. 


543,737  acres. 
,     402,307  1-4 
329,356 
353,129   ■ 
596,861 

2,225,390  1-4  acres. 


The  width  of  the  state,  north  and  sonth,  through  the 
town  of  Worcester,  is  about  45  miles.  A  strip  of  land  one 
rod  wide  and  45  miles  long,  contains  90  acres.  By  dividing 
26,031  31-48  by  90,  we  have  289  rods  for  the  width  of  the 
strip  to  be  taken  from  the  eastern  division  and  added  to  the 
western,  in  order  to  make  the  two  equal.  In  other  words, 
by  removing  the  north  and  south  line  289  rods,  or  nearly 
one  mile  eastward,  we  divide  the  territory  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts.  The  line  thus  removed  will  still  pass  through 
the  town  of  Worcester,  though  in  the  easterly  part,  and 
there  intersect  the  east  and  west  line.  The  point  of  inter- 
section is  the  centre  of  the  territory  of  Massachusetts,  and 
is  situated  in  the  easterly  part  of  Worcester,  and  near  Long 
Pond  in  that  town.  This  point  is  about  35  miles  distant 
from  the  centre  of  the  population  in  1810. 

Half  of  the  territory  of  the  state,  comprising  about  174 


CENTRE    OF    WEALTH.  103 

out  of  the  309  towns,  is  within  47^  miles  of  Boston.  In 
1840,  about  half  of  the  population  was  in  113  towns,  and 
within  about  29  miles,  and  half  of  the  wealth  within  12 
or  12^  miles  of  Boston. 

The  taxable  property  in  the  several  towns  of  Massachu- 
setts, in  1830,  was  valued  at  $?20S,850,422  55,  and  in  1840, 
at  ^299,880,338  31.  Half  of  this  valuation,  in  1830,  was 
$104,428,211  27|,  and  in  1840,  $149,940,169  15|. 

In  1830,  $96,020,157  63  of  this  valuation  was  located 
within  10  miles  of  Boston,  and  within  the  limits  of  24 
towns,  to  which  if  we  add  Salem,  12  miles  from  Boston, 
omitting  several  towns  at  a  less  distance,  we  have  $104,- 
535,249  38,  or  $107,038  lOi  more  than  half  of  the  valua- 
tion within  12  miles  of  Boston,  so  that  the  centre  of  wealth, 
in  1830,  must  have  been  somewhat  within  this  limit. 

In  1840,  $135,884,735  57  of  this  valuation  belonged  to 
the  24  towns  within  the  circle  of  10  miles,  to  which  if  we 
add  Salem,  we  have  $146,102,844  57,  which  is  $3,837,- 
324  58|  less  than  half  in  these  25  towns.  If  to  this 
amount  we  add  Needham  and  Braintree,  within  11  miles, 
and  Lynnfield,  Burlington,  Weston  and  Canton,  within  12 
miles,  we  have  $148,157,780  61,  which  still  falls  short  of 
half  by  $1,782,388  54|.  Finally,  if  we  add  Danvers, 
making  32  instead  of  25  towns,  we  have  $150,080,587  61, 
or  more  than  half,  by  $140,418  45|  only. 

It  seems  from  this  comparison  that  the  taxable  property, 
according  to  the  state  valuation,  during  the  10  years  from 
1830  to  1840,  increased  less  within  12  miles  of  Boston 
than  in  more  distant  towns,  though,  as  we  have  seen,  the 
increase  of  the  population  was  much  greater. 

It  is  evident  that,  according  to  the  state  valuation  in 
1840,  about  half  of  the  taxable  property  was  located  within 
12  miles  of  Boston.  Of  course  the  centre  of  the  wealth 
of  Massachusetts  must  be  within  the  circle  of  this  radius, 
and  this  centre  must  be  some  point  near  the  business  cen- 


10 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS:. 


ire  in  Jioston,  as  a  large  part  of  the  property  of  the  state 
is  located  in  all  directions  about  the  capital. 

The  amount  of  bank  capital  in  Massachusetts,  returned 
Nov.  1,  1845,  was  ftHt»,97ta)OU,  of  which  $;18,03U,000  be- 
longed to  the  24  banks  in  Boston,  and  the  80  banks  out  of 
Boston  held  .$!l2,940  00,  of  which  the  18  banks  in  Nan- 
tucket, Barnstable,  Plymouth  and  Bristol,  on  the  east  side, 
and  the  31  banks  in  Berkshire,  Franklin,  Hampden,  Hamp- 
shire, "Worcester  and  Middlesex,  on  the  west  side,  had 
17,855,000,  leaving  ^950,000  to  8  banks  in  Norfolk,  on  the 
south  side,  and  $4,135,000  to  23  banks  in  Essex,  on  the 
north  side.  More  than  three-fourths  of  the  capital  of  all 
the  insurance  companies  in  the  state  is  located  in  Boston. 

In  the  two  following  tables,  the  columns  containing  the 
acres  of  lamL  comprises  all  the  towns  except  Marshpee 
and  Boston  Corner ;  and  that  containing  the  valuation  of 
1840,  all  except  Marshpee. 


TABLE  XV. — Exldhiting  a  Co7nparatii:e  View  of  the  Population,  Territory  and  Wealth  of  Massa 

setts,  by  Counties. 


COUNTIES. 


2 

e2 

d 

Census, 

Acred  of  I.ami 


Sfiuare 
miles. 


Inhabit- 
ants to  a 
sfiiiare 
mile. 


Slate  Valuation, 
iS-W. 


jPropor'n 
no  whole 
I   valua- 
I     lion. 


Suffolk, 

Es^ex, 

Middlesex, 

Worcester, 

Hampshire, 

Hampden, 

Franklin, 

Berkshire, 

Norfolk, 

Bristol, 

Plymouth, 

Barnstable, 

Dukes, 

Nantucket, 


2  95,77:,; 
£8'  y4,y«7| 

461066111 
55|  95,31.3! 
231  30,8971 
18;  37,366| 
26|  28,8i2i 
31  41,745| 
22  53,140 
19!  60,105 
21'  47,373 
14132,5181 
3i  3,958 
1    9,012: 


7,609  1-4 
271,054  1-2 
495,390 
917,587 
329,356 
353.129 
402,307  1-4 
543,737 
247,208  1-8 
314,273 
379,898  1-2 
179,159  2-3 

47,868  1-2 

14,206 


11  •9« 

423  52, 

774-04 

1,433-72 

514-61' 

551-76' 

628  60i 

849-58! 

386-26, 

491  05' 

593-59| 

279-93; 

74-79 

22-19 


7,992-27 
224-27 
137-73 

66-47 

60-03 

67-72! 

45-83! 

49-131 
137-57 
122-52 

79-801 
1 16-671 

52-91; 
406011 


110,000,000  00 

31,111,204  00 

37,593.082  00 

29,804,316  00 

7,298,351  00 

10,188,423  71 

6,548,691  00 

9,54<i,920  76 

15.522,527  00 

19,493,694  84 

10,694,719  00 

4,896.683  00 

1,]07,343»00 

6,074.371  00 


36  68 

10-37 

12-54 

9-94 

2-43 

3-40 

2-18 

3-18 

5-18 

6-50 

3-57 

1-63 

•3 

203 


Valuatii 
per  hei 


!$l,14h 
32*2 
35S 
311 
23t 
27S 
22' 
22( 
29: 


32^. 
22L 
15C 
27S 
67< 


14  Counties,    ,  309 
Suffolk,        -  I       2 


7377U0  4,502,8J3  19-2 1'  7,035-69       101-85    299,b80,33s  31i  lUO 
95,773;         7,669  1-4     |        11-98   7,992-27,   110,000,000  00     36-68 


40» 

I,l4f1 


13  Counties,    I  307 


641927;  4,495,174  13-24   7,023-71 


91-39 


189,880,338  31 


63-31 


29i 


I 


POPULATION,    TEKFilTORV    AND    VVKAl.TH    COMPARED. 


TABLE  XVI: 

Part  I.— Exhibit 

ing  a 

Comparative  View  of 

the  Population,  Territory 

and  Wealth 

■,  )(»/■  Nassachnsetts,  fur  Farts  of  tin 

State 

wniuN  certain  Radial  Distances  f -0711  Boston,  by  Ranges 

of  10  miles. 

s 

Inhabit- 

Prtipor'n 

;   I 

Distance 

Census,  j 

Square 

Hnls  to  a 

Slate  Valuation, 

to  whole 

Valua- 

'. ^ 

iVoiu 

1      Acres  tif  Land. 

square 

valua- 

tion per 

d 

Bo.sion, 

1S40.    I 

miles. 

mile. 

1840. 

tion  per 

head. 

^ 

in  mile.s. 

cent. 

1 

. 

93,383          1,307 

2-04 

45,726 

S109.304,218  50 

36-44 

$1,170  49 

23|     1  to  10 

79,520      150,489 

1-4 

235-13 

338 

26,580,517  07 

8-86 

334  26 

24 

10 

172903      151,79() 

1-4 

237-18 

727 

135,884,735  57 

45-31 

785  90 

40 

10  to  20 

92.515      455,597 

3-4 

711-87 

129 

30,740.009  38 

10-25 

332  27 

64 

20 

265418      607.394 

94905 

279 

166,624,744  95 

55-56 

627  78 

55 

20  to  30 

1213S4!     699,383 

13-24 

1,092-78 

110 

34,874,233  40 

11-62 

287  30 

119 

30 

386802,  1,306.777 

13-24 

2,041-83 

189 

201,498,978  35 

67-19 

520  93 

33 

30  to  40 

78,646i     582,115 

5-6 

909-55 

86 

23,812,347  74 

7-94 

302  77 

152i  40 

465448'  1,888,893 

3-8 

2,951-39 

157 

225,311,326  09 

75  13 

484  07 

2!s 

JO  to  50 

69,007!     508,537 

1-3 

794-59 

86 

22,613,674  84 

7-54 

327  70 

180 

50 

534455  2,397,430 

17-21 

3,745-98 

142 

247,925,000  93 

82-67 

463  88 

23 

50  to  60 

39,976'     391,126 

5-6 

611-13 

64 

10.207,234  91 

3-40 

255  33 

1  203 

60 

574431'  2,788,557 

13-24 

4,357-12 

131 

258,132,235  84 

86  07 

449  37 

26 

60  to  70 

39.415'     390,224 

3-4 

609-72 

64 

7,718,584  86 

2-57 

195  82 

229 

70 

613846  3,178,782 

7-24 

4,966-84 

123 

265,850,820  70 

88-65 

433  09 

J     16 

70  to  80 

31,033      227,799 

1-2 

355  93 

87 

8,817,149  35 

2-94 

284  08 

1  245 

80 

641879  3,406,581 

19-24 

5,322-78 

121 

274,667,970  05 

91-59 

425  92 

1     19 

80  to  90 

35,976      318,737 

498  02 

72 

12.715,906  50 

4-23 

353  46 

i  264 

90 

680855  3,725,318 

19  24 

5,820-81 

116 

287,383,876  55 

95-83 

422  09 

18 

90  to  LOO 

17,929      300,259 

469-15 

38 

3.491,347  26 

1-16 

194  73 

-  282 

100 

698734  4,025,577 

19-24 

6,289-96 

111 

290,875,223  81 

96  99 

416  25 

14 

100  to  110 

19.196      273.225 

426-91 

44 

4,119,645  50 

1-37 

214  60 

296|lll) 

717980  4,298,802 

19-24 

6,716  87 

106 

294,994,869  31 

98  37 

410  86 

lllllO  to  120 

19.217      193,756 

302  74 

63 

4,825,343  00 

1-60 

251  09 

^071 120 

737197  4,192,558 

19-24 

7,019-62 

105 

299,820,212  31 

9997 

406  70 

2 120  to  125 

503        10,285 

16  07 

31 

60,126  00 

-02 

119  53 

1   SU;! 

125 

737700  4,502,843 

19-24 

7,035-69 

104 

299,880,338  31 

100- 

406  50 

106 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XVI :  Part  II. — Exhibiting  a  Comparative  View  of  the  Population,  Territory  and  Weali 
of  Massachusetts,  for  Parts  of  the  State  beyond  certain  Radial  Distances  from  Boston,  by  Rang 
0/  10  miles. 


A 

Inhabil- 

Propor'n 

^ 

Distance 

Census, 

Square 

Ents  lo  a 

State  Valuation, 

lo  whole 

Valua- 

^ 

from 

Acres  of  Land. 

square 

valua- 

tion per 

Boston, 

1840. 

miles. 

1840. 

tion  per 

head. 

i. 

in  miles. 

cent. 

309      - 

737700 

4,502,843 

19-24 

7,035-69 

104 

5299,880,338  31 

100- 

S406  5 

1      - 

93,383 

1,307 

2'04 

45,726 

109,304.218  50 

36-44 

1,170  -1 

308      - 

644317 

4,501,536 

19-24 

7,033-65 

91 

190,576;il9  81 

63-55 

295  7 

23      1  to  10 

79,520 

150,489 

1-4 

235-13 

338 

26,580,517  07 

8-86 

334  2 

285     over  10 

564797 

4,351,047 

13-24 

6,798-52 

83 

163.995.602  74 

54-68 

290  : 

40    10  to  20 

92,515 

455,597 

3-4 

711-87 

129 

30',740,009  38 

10-25 

332  -2 

245     over  20 

472282 

3,895,449 

19-24 

6,086-64 

77 

133,255,593  36 

44-43 

282  1 

55   20  to  30 

121384 

699,383 

13-24 

1,092-78 

110 

34,874,233  40 

11-62 

287 

190     over  30 

350898;  3,196.066 

1-4 

4,993-85 

70 

98,381,359  96 

32-80 

280 

33,  30  to  40 

78,646      582,115 

5-6 

909-55 

86 

23,812,347  74 

7-94 

302 

157     over  40 

272252  2,613.950 

5-12 

4,084-29 

66 

74,569,012  22 

24-86 

273  - 

28   40  to  50 

69,007]     508,537 

1-3 

794  59 

86 

22,613,674  84 

7-54 

327  - 

129|    over  50 

203245J  2,105,413 

1-12 

3,289-70 

61 

51,955,337  38 

17-32 

255  t 

23   50  to  60 

39,976      391,126 

5-6 

611-13 

64 

10,207,234  91 

3-40 

255  L 

106,    over  60 

163269;  1,714,286 

1-4 

2,678-57 

60 

41,748,102  47 

13-92 

255  - 

26   60  to  70 

39.415;     390.224 

3-4 

609-72 

64 

7,718,584  86 

2-57 

195  ^ 

so;    over  70 

123854   1.324,061 

1-2 

2,068-84 

59 

34,029,517  61 

11-34 

274  - 

16,  70  to  80 

31,033 

227,799 

1-2 

355-93 

87 

8,817.149  35 

2-94 

284  1 

()4     over  80 

92,821 

1,096,262 

1,712  90 

54 

25,212,368  26 

8-40 

271  . 

19   80  to  90 

35,976 

318,737 

498-02 

72 

12,715,906  50 

4-23 

353 

45     over  90 

56,845 

777,525 

1,214-88 

46 

12,496,461  76 

4-16 

219  ; 

18   90  to  100 

17,929 

300,259 

469-15 

38 

3,491,347  26 

116 

194  ' 

27     over  100 

38,916 

477,266 

745-72 

52 

9,005.114  50 

3-00 

231  : 

14  100  to  110 

19,196 

273,225 

426-91 

44 

4,119,645  50 

1-37 

211  t 

13     over  110 

19.720 

204,041 

31881 

61 

4,885,469  00 

1-62 

247 

11  110  to  120 

19,217 

173,756 

302-74 

63 

4,825,343  00 

1-60 

251 

2,    over  120 

503 

10,285 

16-07 

31 

60,126  00 

.02 

119  . 

CONCLUSION.  107 

The  number  of  acres  of  land  in  the  last  two  tables  is  the 
aggregate  of  the  returns  in  1840,  and  is  presumed  to  fall 
short  of  the  actual  number ;  but  still,  for  the  purposes  of 
comparison,  with  the  exception  of  Boston,  the  errors  will 
very  much  neutralize  each  other.  A  great  difference  will 
be  perceived  between  the  density  of  the  population  of  Bos- 
ton and  that  of  the  other  towns ;  and  it  will  also  be  seen 
that  the  valuation  of  the  property  is  very  much  greater  in 
Boston  than  in  other  parts  of  the  Commonwealth. 

There  are  circumstances  now  existing,  and  an  impulse 
is  now  felt  in  Massachusetts,  favorable  to  a  more  rapid  in- 
crease of  the  population  for  some  years  to  come,  than  has 
taken  place  at  any  time  since  1790.  The  probability  is 
that  the  increase  has  been  greater  during  the  six  years  since 
1840,  than  during  any  equal  period  since  1765,  but  we 
have  no  means  of  obtaining  the  exact  number  ai  the  present 
time.  A  census  of  a  few  towns  only  has  been  recently 
taken,  showing  a  very  large  increase. 

People  are  attracted  to,  and  are  disposed  to  remain  in, 
places  where  there  is  employment  and  the  prospect  of  a 
comfortable  livelihood.  The  whole  soil  of  Massachusetts 
has  been  long  since  mostly  divided  into  farms,  so  that  for 
the  purposes  of  agriculture  this  Commonwealth  oilers  fewer 
encouragements  than  other  parts  of  the  country :  and 
therefore  we  can  expect  no  very  rapid  increase  of  the  agri- 
cultural population.  The  increase  of  the  population  must 
depend  upon  the  flourishing  condition  of  manufactures 
and  commerce,  aided  by  the  improved  means  of  communi- 
cation with  the  several  parts  of  the  Commonwealth,  with 
other  states  and  with  foreign  countries. 

Rail-roads  radiate  from  Boston,  as  a  centre,  north-east- 
erly to  Portland,  the  capital  of  Maine ;  northerly  to  Con- 
cord, the  capital  of  New  Hampshire  :  westerly  to  Albany, 
the  capital  of  New  York :  south-westerly  into  Connecti- 
cut; southerly  to  Providence,  the  capital  of  Rhode  Island; 


108  POPULATION  OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

and  south-easterly  to  Plymouth,  where  the  First  Pilgrims 
of  New  England  landed.  Branches  for  more  local  pur- 
poses are  made  to  communicate  with  the  main  trunks,  so 
that  the  whole  state  is  overspread  with  a  sort  of  net 
work,  whose  iron  rods  approach  within  small  distances  of 
every  important  town  in  the  Commonwealth.  Upon  these 
rail-roads  there  have  been  expended  some  thirty  millions  of 
dollars,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  conveyance  of  men  and 
merchandise.  These  works  centre  in  Boston,  where  they 
originated,  where  most  of  the  capital  for  building  them 
was  advanced,  and  where  they  have  been  and  still  are 
managed;,  and,  by  being  thus  related  to  Boston,  they  make 
this  the  common  depot  for  the  commerce  of  the  whole  state. 
Great  changes  have  already  been  produced  in  the  world 
by  the  application  of  steam  power  to  the  arts,  and  to  the 
means  of  transportation  by  sea  and  by  land.  Already  it 
carries  men  and  merchandise  up  rivers,  over  lakes  and 
across  the  ocean,  and  through  the  mountain  passes  of  many 
civilized  countries  ;  but  as  yet,  it  seems  to  have  onl}^  begun 
to  show  its  capabilities,"  and  its  effects  on  the  human  con- 
dition appear  hardly  to  have  begun  to  be  matured.  It  has 
essentially  afiected  the  physical,  social,  moral  and  political 
condition  of  man  since  the  commencement  of  the  present 
century.  It  is  impossible  to  foresee  the  result  which  this 
agent  is  destined  to  produce  on  the  condition  of  the  human 
race.  One  thing  it  has  done, — it  has  exploded  the  old  idea 
that  it  is  impossible  to  build  cities  anywhere  except  on  the 
confines  of  navigable  water  communicating  with  the  great 
marts  of  commerce.  Hitherto,  all  or  nearly  all  the  cities 
in  the  world,  have  been  founded  on  spots  to  which  ships 
have  access  with  the  merchandise  of  other  climes.  Now, 
by  means  of  cars  propelled  by  steam  power  on  rail-roads, 
nothing  forbids  cities  being  built  in  the  interior  of  a  coun- 
try distant  from  navigable  water,  with  almost  as  much 
ease  as  on  the  sea-shore.     The  facilities  of  commiuiica- 


CONCLUSION.  109 

tion  may  essentially  affect  the  relative  increase  in  different 
parts  of  Massachusetts,  and  show  the  movement  of  the 
population  to  be  very  different  during  the  last  half  of  the 
present  century  from  what  it  has  been  during  the  forty 
years  which  have  elapsed.  The  central  position  of  Bos- 
ton, and  the  convergency  of  the  new  lines  of  communica- 
tion to  it  as  a  common  centre  for  Massachusetts  and  New 
England,  together  with  the  old  lines  of  communication, 
associated  with  the  habits  of  the  people  for  two  centuries, 
will  operate  to  continue  Boston  as  the  great  central  depot 
of  commerce,  to  which  people  will  be  attracted  by  the  pros- 
pect of  employment  and  the  hope  of  reward.  And  those 
whose  local  attachments  are  about  this  spot,  will  with  a 
sort  of  obstinate  reluctance,  part  with  their  capital  to  build 
up  other  places,  unless  the  fruits  are  to  contribute  to  the 
prosperity  of  Boston.  Still  there  may  be  other  places  be- 
coming more  and  more  central  in  the  course  of  a  few 
years,  and  which  will  unitedly  exercise  some  rivalry  with 
Boston  for  the  business,  or  divert  an  important  portion  of  it 
to  other  places. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  exhibit  a  comparative  view  of 
some  of  the  other  elements  of  the  Commonwealth,  similar 
to  what  has  here  been  given  of  the  population  since  1765  ; 
but  the  considerations  which  have  been  presented  in  the 
foregoing  article,  show  the  importance  of  the  city  of  Bos- 
ton to  the  state  of  Massachusetts.  Within  its  Hmits  there 
was  in  1840  about  one  eight  part  of  the  population  of  the 
state;  in  1790  there  was  less  than  one  twentieth  part;  in 
1765  there  was  one  sixteenth  part.  There  has  been  a  great 
accumulation  of  population  in  and  near  this  city  during  the 
whole  period  of  fifty  years.  Within  10  miles  of  Boston 
there  is  now  (1846,)  one  quarter  part  of  the  population  of  the 
state,  amounting  to  more  than  200,000,  chiefly  dependent 
upon  Boston  as  the  centre  of  business  ;  in  1790  the  number 
within  this  range  was  less  than  a  ninth  part  of  the  whole. 
15 


llO  POPULATION  OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Besides,  Boston  is  not  merely  the  seat  of  wealth  and  capi- 
tal, but  the  centre  of  the  commerce  and  manufactures  of 
Massachusetts,  and  to  a  great  extent  of  New  England, 
though  a  large  portion  of  the  manufacturing  establishments 
are  located  at  a  distance  from  the  capital.  Its  prosperity  or 
decline  will  be  the  prosperity  or  decline  of  the  state.  In 
fact,  Boston  represents  Massachusetts  more  fully  than  Paris 
does  France,  or  London,  England,  and  in  a  far  more  em- 
phatic sense  than  New  York  city,  Philadelphia,  Cincinna- 
ti, or  any  other  principal  city  in  the  Union,  the  states  to 
which  they  respectively  belong.  If  the  business  of  Bos- 
ton is  affected  by  any  cause,  it  will  be  felt  in  every  town  in 
this  and  in  the  other  New  England  states,  and  far  beyond. 


THE   COLORED   POPULATION. 


The  following  view  of  the  colored  population  is  designed 
to  exhibit  their  comparative  numbers  at  different  epochs, 
and  to  present  some  general  conclusions  respecting  their 
future  prospects. 

The  colored  population  never  formed  but  a  very  small 
part  of  the  whole  population  of  Massachusetts,  and  their 
proportion  to  the  whites  has  been  reduced  nearly  one  half 
since  1765,  and  is  likely  to  be  reduced  much  more  here- 
after. 

It  seems  that  within  a  few  years  after  the  first  settlement 
in  Massachusetts,  some  colored  persons  were  brought  into 
the  Province  and  reduced  to  slavery.  Only  a  very  few  of 
the  whites,  however,  were  ever  concerned  in  the  slave 
trade.  Opposition  to  slavery  manifested  itself  from  the 
first,  and  increased  until  the  Revolution.  Very  few  seem 
to  have  satisfied  their  minds  that  it  was  right  to  reduce 
human  beings  to  slavery,  without  fault  of  their  own. 
Public  sentiment  was  excited  more  and  more  in  opposition 
to  slavery  until  1780,  when  the  Constitution  was  adopted, 
which  declares  "all  men  free  and  equal."* 

*  Since  preparing  thia  article  on  the  colored  population  of  Massachusetts,  I  have  seen  "  Que- 
ries respecting  the  Slavery  and  Emancipation  of  Negroes  in  Massachusetts,  proposed  by  the 
Hon.  Judge  Tucker,  of  Virginia,  and  answered  liy  the  Rev.  Dr.  Belknap,"  in  179-5,  and  pub- 
lished in  the  4th  volume  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Collections,  from  which  I  shall  insert 
in  the  notes  extracts,  to  confirm  the  positions  I  have  taken.     Dr.  B.  says  : 

"  It  [the  traffic  in  slaves,]  was  never  supported  by  public  opinion  ;  and  the  voice  of  conscience 
was  against  it.  A  degree  of  infamy  was  attached  to  the  characters  of  those  who  were  em- 
ployed in  it :  several  of  them  in  their  last  hours  bitterly  lamenting  their  concern  in  it ;  and  the 
friei.ds  of  seamen,  who  had  perished  by  the  climate  of  Guinea,  or  in  contests  with  the  natives, 
became  seriously  prejudiced  against  the  business." — P.  197. 

"  Not  much,  however,  was  said  in  a  public  and  formal  manner,  till  we  began  to  feel  the 
weight  of  oppression  from  '  our  mother  country,'  as  Britain  was  then  called.  The  inconsist- 
ency of  pleading  for  our  own  rights  and  liljerties,  whilst  we  encouraged  the  subjugation  of  oth- 
ers, was  very  apparent ;  and  from  that  time,  both  slavery  and  the  slave  trade  began  to  be  dis- 


112  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  colored  population  of  Massachusetts  comprise  not 
merely  the  pure  blacks  of  the  African  race  and  their  vari- 
ous mixtures  with  the  whites,  commonly  called  mulatloes, 
but  also  mixtures  of  the  whites  and  others  with  the  Indi- 
ans, particularly  at  Marshpee.  The  number  of  those  who 
are  the  pure  descendants  of  the  African  race,  is  believed  to 
constitute  a  very  small  part  of  the  colored  population  of 
this  Commonwealth,  while  most  of  them  are  a  mixed 
breed  of  whites  with  Indians  and  negroes,  and  have  been 
so,  to  a  great  degree,  for  the  last  fifty  years  or  more. 

In  1840,  according  to  the  United  States  census,  Marsh- 
pee  contained  9  white  males  and  6  white  females;  146  col- 
ored males  and  148  colored  females;  total,  15  whites  and 
294  colored  persons.  The  population  of  that  place  are  now, 
and  have  been  for  more  than  half  a  century,  mostly  a 
mixed  race  of  Indians,  negroes  and  others. 

According  to  the  Provincial  census  of  1765,  the  colored 
population  in  the  returns  of  182  towns,  was  4,978,  to 
which  by  adding  147,  the  number  according  to  the  United 
States  census  for  16  towns  in  1790,  which  were  not  re- 
turned in  1765,  and  74  for  their  number  in  Newbury  and 
Newburyport,  whose  returns  in  1765  did  not  specify  the 
color, — this  last  lumiber  being  in  proportion  to  the  number 
in  those  towns  in  1790, — we  have  5,199  for  the  estimated 
number  of  the  colored  population  in  1765.  The  next  ta- 
ble contains  the  number  of  the  colored  persons  in  Massa- 
chusetts, according  to  the  Provincial  census  of  1765  and  the 
six  United  States  censuses,  the  number  in  the  IS  towns 
just  referred  to  being  included  in  a  parenthesis. 


countenanced.  The  principal  cause  was  jmhlic  opinion  ;  and  tlie  present  generation,  at  an 
early  stage  of  life,  imbibed  that  opinion,  which  has  grown  up  with  their  growth  and  strength- 
ened with  their  strength." — P.  19S. 

"  Negro  children  were  reckoned  as  an  incumbrance  in  a  family ;  and  when  weaned,  were 
given  away  like  puppies.  They  have  teen  publicly  advertised  in  the  newspapers  'to  be  given 
away.'  "—P.  2{X). 

"The  condition  of  our  slaves,  liowever,  was  far  from  rigorous.  No  greater  labor  was  exacted 
of  them  than  of  white  people  ;  in  general,  they  are  not  cMe  to  perform  so  much." — Id. 


COLOKEU    PERSONS    IN    THE    TOWNS   AND    COUNTIES. 


113 


TABLE  XVn. — Exhibiting  the  Number  of  Colored  Persons  in  the  Towns  of  Massachusetts, 
according  to  the  seven  Censuses,  by  Counties. 


TOWNS. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Male. 
759 

Fern. 
931 

Total 
1690 

Male 

865 

Fem.l  Total 
1010  1875 

Male. 
1399 

Fern. 
1028 

Total 

Boston, 

848 

766 

1174 

1468 

2427 

Chelsea, 

43 

21 

20 

16 

15 

774 

21 
952 

36 

1726 

5 

3 

8 

8 
1407 

3 
1031 

11 

Suffolk  County,     - 

891 

787 

1194 

1484 

870 

1013  1883 

2438 

Amesbury,  - 

17 

3 

6 

4 

. 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

Andover,     - 

86 

94 

83 

83 

26 

35 

61 

19 

34 

53 

11 

14 

25 

Beverly, 

80 

58 

92 

61 

7 

7 

14 

9 

13 

22 

■     9 

14 

23 

Boxford, 

10 

6 

16 

1 

- 

. 

. 

1 

4 

5 

. 

1 

1 

Bradford,    - 

15 

5 

4 

■^1 

3 

1 

4 

3 

9 

5 

2 

, 

9 

Danvers, 

72 

34 

29 

2l' 

7 

13 

20 

1 

3 

4 

. 

- 

Essex, 

- 

. 

- 

- 

13 

11 

24 

6 

8 

14 

4 

4 

8 

Georgetown, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

. 

, 

- 

. 

. 

. 

. 

1 

1 

Gloucester,  - 

109 

41 

44 

40, 

11 

14 

25 

7 

10 

17 

6 

3 

9 

Hamilton,  - 

. 

- 

12 

16' 

5 

7 

12 

2 

1 

3 

5 

2 

7 

Haverhill,  - 

25 

7 

16 

3 

. 

2 

2 

. 

1 

1 

2 

- 

2 

Ipswich, 

101 

79 

57 

55 

10 

7 

17 

3 

5 

8 

4 

7 

11 

Lynn, 

49 

20 

13 

7 

5 

3 

8 

4 

7 

11 

i     21 

23 

44 

Lynnfield,  - 

. 

3 

1 

4 

2 

3 

5 

3 

3 

6 

1          9 

4 

6 

Manchester, 

24 

9 

3 

2| 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

3 

. 

- 

- 

Marblehead, 

100 

87 

68 

114 

8 

12 

20 

3 

5 

8 

4 

5 

Methuen,    - 

3 

4 

2 

l' 

. 

. 

. 

9 

2 

4 

1 

2 

Middleton,  - 

35 

16 

16 

11 

2 

3 

5 

5 

3 

8 

- 

1 

Newbury,    - 

(38) 

42 

24 

42 

7 

3 

10 

7 

5 

12 

13 

20 

Newburyport, 

(36) 

70 

70 

83 

56 

42 

98 

26 

28 

54 

17 

2u 

43 

Rockport,'   - 

" 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Bowley, 

22 

9 

16 

4 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

- 

- 

. 

Salem, 

173 

260 

308 

273 

152 

142 

294 

132 

132 

264 

139 

152 

291 

Salisbury,   - 

7 

10 

18 

16 

4 

11 

15 

5 

6 

11 

- 

- 

- 

Saugus, 

. 

. 

. 

.    1 

9 

3 

5 

. 

1 

1 

- 

. 

- 

Topsfield,    - 

16 

13 

5 

7 

1 

3 

4 

. 

2 

9 

1 

4 

5 

Wenham,    - 

33 

10 

8 

5 

3 

] 

4 

. 

1 

1 

. 

. 

. 

West  Newbury,  - 

- 

- 

- 

-    I 

1 

1 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Essex  County, 

1051 

880 

911 

860 

328 

327 

655 

242 

280 

522 

233 

274 

507 

Acton, 

3 

6 

7 

7 

7 

10 

1 
17 

3 

9 

12 

3 

. 

3 

Ashby, 

1 

3 

- 

- 

. 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

Bedford,      - 

16 

2 

5 

9 

. 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Billerica,     - 

14 

5 

4 

2 

5 

3 

8 

. 

2 

2 

1        2 

Boxborough, 

. 

9 

5 

6 

6 

8 

14 

15 

12 

27 

7 

4      11 

Brighton,     - 

. 

. 

. 

2 

1 

. 

1 

1 

1 

2 

-   1       1 

Burlington, 

- 

- 

2 

2 

- 

1 

1 

" 

1 

1 

- 

1 

1 

114 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


TOWNS 

1765 

1790  1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Male 
23 

Fern. 
30 

Total 
53 

Male. 
34 

Fem. 
45 

Toul 
79 

Male 
35 

Fem. 
42 

T 

Cambridge, 

90 

60 

25 

38 

Carlisle, 

. 

2 

7 

8 

3 

5 

8 

2 

3 

5 

. 

. 

Charlestown, 

136 

25 

38 

61 

23 

15 

38 

60 

36 

96 

99 

30 

1 

Chelmsford, 

11 

12 

13 

10 

2 

3 

5 

. 

2 

2 

. 

1 

Concord, 

27 

29 

38 

28 

24 

10 

34 

15 

13 

28 

10 

13 

-0 

Dracut, 

(39) 

39 

42 

25 

18 

15 

33 

13 

11 

24 

14 

10 

LM 

Dunsiable,  . 

16 

1 

1 

. 

- 

. 

. 

. 

1 

1 

- 

Framingham, 

25 

26 

18 

13 

10 

7 

17 

6 

9 

15 

1 

6 

7 

Groton, 

15 

5 

4 

1 

5 

4 

9 

4 

5 

9 

1 

3 

! 

HoUiston,     . 

8 

15 

3 

10 

- 

. 

. 

1 

- 

1 

3 

- 

?, 

Hopkinton,  . 

17 

12 

8 

16 

1 

- 

1 

3 

7 

10 

2 

■-> 

Lexington,  . 

44 

8 

6 

10 

1 

3 

4 

2 

1 

3 

. 

- 

Lincoln, 

28 

6 

5 

4 

4 

4 

8 

. 

. 

. 

- 

. 

' 

Littleton, 

17 

16 

16 

6 

3 

4 

7 

1 

0 

4 

13 

6 

19 

Lowell, 

- 

- 

. 

. 

- 

- 

. 

7 

4 

11 

26 

28 

54 

Maiden, 

48 

20 

9 

. 

. 

. 

. 

15 

15 

30 

2 

3 

5 

Marlborough, 

21 

8 

4 

2 

5 

6 

11 

4 

4 

8 

3 

6 

9 

Medford,      . 

49 

34 

25 

- 

7 

7 

14 

12 

7 

19 

8 

6 

14 

Natick, 

24 

39 

24 

24 

9 

13 

22 

10 

5 

15 

13 

13 

26 

Newton, 

18 

25 

26 

19 

2 

6 

8 

4 

4 

8 

6 

- 

6 

Pepperell,    . 

4 

20 

9 

9 

2 

3 

5 

5 

3 

8 

2 

4 

6 

Reading, 

34 

31 

21 

- 

12 

8 

20 

4 

3 

7 

5 

4 

9 

Sherburne,  . 

15 

6 

5 

8 

- 

. 

. 

5 

5 

10 

] 

1 

2 

Shirley, 

6 

2 

6 

15 

19 

14 

33 

16 

16 

32 

10 

10 

20 

South  Reading,    . 

- 

. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

4 

7 

1 

- 

1 

Stoneham,   . 

32 

8 

4 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

- 

1 

1 

2 

Stow,  , 

9 

3 

9 

1 

2 

1 

3 

. 

- 

- 

- 

Sudbury, 

28 

2 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Tewksbury, 

5 

7 

5 

- 

- 

- 

4 

3 

7 

- 

- 

Townsend,  . 

8 

4 

1 

3 

2 

6 

3 

- 

3 

6 

3 

9 

Tyngsborough,     . 

- 

17 

12 

8 

8 

12 

2 

9 

11 

2 

2 

4 

Waltham,    . 

13 

10 

6 

5 

2 

3 

- 

. 

7 

3 

10 

Watertown, 

11 

11 

5 

9 

4 

9 

5 

6 

11 

0 

0 

4 

"Wayland,    . 

- 

9 

3 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

. 

- 

We.st  Cambridge, 

. 

. 

. 

5 

2 

3 

. 

2 

0 

- 

0 

'2 

Westford,     . 

12 

4 

4 

. 

- 

. 

. 

1 

1 

2 

- 

- 

Weston, 

18 

23 

16 

4 

2 

1 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Wilmington, 

10 

12 

8 

() 

. 

. 

. 

- 

- 

- 

Woburn, 

39 

23 

16 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

Middlesex  County,     910 

597 

470 

374 

213 

202 

415 

263 

251 

517 

285 

208 

493 

Ashbnrnham, 

(y) 

9 

1 

91 

2 

2 

4 

1 

1 

Athol, 

^  2 

5 

10 

1; 

1 

2 

3 

Auburn, 

1 

.  1 

1 

*1 

2 

Barre, 

19 

38 

71 

59 

15 

17 

32 

6 

6 

12 

'9 

15 

24 

Berlin, 

1 

1 

. 

_ 

Bolton, 

2 

"l 

1 

'l 

2 

1 

'3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

'  \ 

Boylslon, 

15 

15 

7 

1       1 

1 

Brookfield, 

15 

7 

14 

20 

1      4 

"4 

8 

1 

'1 

'5 

0 

'7 

Charleton, 

1 

o 

7 

5 

2 

5 

7 

9 

'9 

18 

8 

T) 

17 

COLORED   PERSONS    IN    THE    TOWNS    .AND   COUNTIES. 


115 


- 

TOWNS. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Male 
1 

Fern 

Total 

1 

Male 

Fem 

Total 

Male 
1 

Fern 

Total 

Dana, 

1 

Douglas, 

14 

2 

'3 

5 

1       5 

"2 

1      '7 

3 

"3 

6 

Dudley, 

15 

12 

9 

'3 

5 

5 

10 

4 

7 

11 

Fitchburg,   . 

2 

1 

2 

'7 

'& 

15 

Gardner, 

1 

*7 

'5 

'4 

'9 

6 

"2 

"s 

3 

2 

5 

Grafton, 

21 

18 

12 

5 

7 

12 

9 

7 

16 

11 

8 

19 

Hardwick,  . 

5 

13 

9 

7 

10 

16 

26 

4 

6 

10 

6 

4 

10 

Harvard,     . 

12 

11 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

4 

13 

Holden,       . 

2 

^ 

2 

2 

"1 

1 

Hubbardston, 

15 

18 

14 

9 

10 

19 

'6 

4 

10 

13 

11 

24 

Lancaster,   . 

27 

23 

19 

9 

7 

3 

10 

1 

2 

3 

2 

4 

6 

Leicester,     . 

7 

8 

7 

23 

2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

4 

6 

Leominster, 

5 

8 

9 

1 

1 

Lunenburg, 

7 

2 

8 

21 

9 

'3 

12 

'7 

9 

16 

'4 

'2 

6 

Mendon, 

9 

3 

9 

11 

5 

5 

10 

3 

10 

13 

17 

20 

37 

Milford,       . 

12 

12 

5 

2 

2 

4 

2 

8 

10 

4 

1 

5 

Millbury,     . 

. 

3 

3 

1 

7 

8 

New  Braintree,    . 

"3 

14 

'g 

'9 

1 

"2 

'3 

1 

1 

3 

5 

8 

Northborough,     . 

4 

2 

1 

1 

Northbridge, 

5 

6 

1' 

'1 

'2 

"3 

1 

1 

North  Brook-field, 

. 

"5 

'3 

"8 

. 

Oakham, 

1 

1 

'1 

"5 

3 

5 

8 

1 

1 

'2' 

Oxford, 

6 

5 

4 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3' 

'2 

0 

Paxton, 

8 

4 

4^ 

"3 

5 

8 

2 

2 

4 

1 

1 

2 

Petersham,  . 

"s 

5 

13 

1 

6 

3 

9 

3 

3 

6 

3 

2 

5 

Phillipston, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Princeton,    . 

3 

1 

4 

"1 

5 

Koyalston,  . 

(2) 

2 

7 

4 

2 

6 

1 

'1 

2 

"1 

1 

2 

Rutland, 

17 

8 

10 

13 

5 

6 

11 

1 

1 

Shrewsbury, 

16 

12 

13 

5' 

4 

1 

5 

1 

1 

Southborough,     . 

10 

1 

Southbridge, 

'l 

"1 

"2 

1 

"3 

'4 

'3 

"5 

's 

Spencer, 

'5 

6 

'1 

'5 

10 

5 

15 

1 

5 

6 

4 

2 

6 

Sterling, 

14 

21 

22 

9 

10 

19 

4 

6 

10 

Sturbridge, 

7 

4 

8 

14 

7 

3 

10 

3 

4 

7 

'6 

11 

17 

Sutton, 

18 

12 

4 

7 

3 

1 

4 

1 

1 

Templeton, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

'4 

6 

10 

Upton, 

"5 

29 

16 

'7 

1 

1 

2 

3 

5 

3 

4 

7 

Uxbridge, 

13 

17 

23 

19 

9 

7 

16 

14 

16 

30 

18 

26 

44 

Warren, 

4 

11 

14 

41 

17 

15 

32 

13 

13 

26 

12 

10 

22 

Webster, 

23 

25 

48 

Westborough, 

13 

'4 

2 

"4 

"9 

'5 

14 

7 

"4 

11 

0 

11 

14 

West  Boylston,    . 

2 

Westminster, 

'2 

'4 

1 

1 

"4 

1 

5; 

"3 

'3 

"e 

Winchendon, 

(2) 

2 

1 

W 

5 

2 

7 

Worcester,  . 

25 

51 

83 

88 

41 

54 

95 

36 

54 

90 

6. 

26l| 

89 
3121 

151 

Worcester  Cc 

unty, 

317 

409 

490 

468 

237I 

220 

457 

164 

204) 

368 

573 

*The  1  in  the  census  of  Gardner,  is  altered  to  7  in  the  table,  in  order  to  make  the  total. 


116 

POPULATION 

OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

i 

TOWNS.           1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Male.l 
12 

Fem. 
14 

Total 
26 

Male. 
21 

Fern. 
29 

Total' 
50 

JIale. 
17 

Fem 

Total 

Amherst,     . 

6 

2 

4 

15 

18       35 

Belchertown, 

6 

12 

24 

8 

12 

20 

4 

5 

9 

3 

1 

4 

Chesterfield, 

2 

5 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

4 

Cuminiugton, 

5 

11 

22 

2 

3 

5 

3 

3 

6 

5 

3         ^ 

Easthampton, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

4 

7j 

1 

1        2 

Enfield, 

2 

1 

3 

4 

3 

7 

1 

1 

Goshen, 

8 

10 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. 

Gran  by. 

2 

# 

. 

1 

1 

Greenwich, 

5 

b 

2 

2 

2 

4 

4 

3 

I 

Hadley,        . 

20 

19 

22 

7 

8 

9 

17 

5 

9 

14 

13 

9     22 

Hatfield,      . 

21 

14 

29 

33 

25 

27 

52 

21 

14 

35 

8 

8      16 

Middlefield, 

5 

7 

5 

3 

8 

7 

5 

12 

1 

1 

Northampton, 

U 

18 

22 

31 

16 

24 

40 

16 

17 

33 

26 

32      5- 

Norwich,     . 

4 

40 

16 

1 

1 

Pelham, 

2 

5 

. 

Plainfield,    . 

5 

1 

1 

Pre  scot  t, 

, 

3 

1 

4 

South  Hadley,     . 

10 

9 

4 

2 

2 

4 

3 

7; 

2 

- 

Southampton, 

1 

7 

6 

1 

^1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

Ware, 

1 

1 

3 

6 

5 

2 

"'] 

y 

6 

15 

7 

4 

11 

Westhampton,      . 

2 

3 

3 

3 

2 

5 

4 

3 

7 

6 

8 

11 

Williamsburg, 

10 

15 

7 

1 

2 

3 

. 

Worlhington, 

5 

22 

12 

9 

10 

19 

4 

4 

8 

10 

b 

lt3 

Hampshire  County 

62 

126 

219 

205 

104 

112 

216 

113 

110 

223 

106 

95 

201 

Blandford,   . 

2 

y 

19 

38 

17 

11 

28 

15 

12 

27 

6 

8 

14 

Brimfield,    . 

4 

2 

11 

2 

11 

10 

21 

y 

6 

15 

4 

5 

'J 

Chester, 

(1) 

7 

3 

14 

11 

3 

14 

8 

7 

15 

4 

y 

i;; 

Granville,    . 

4 

13 

2 

14 

9 

10 

19 

9 

10 

19 

1       4 

3 

7 

Holland,      . 

12 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Longmeadow, 

6 

3 

4 

1 

1 

2 

3 

2 

5 

1 

1 

Ludlow, 

2 

19 

17 

9 

11 

20 

9 

13 

22 

10 

15 

-J 

Monson, 

7 

18 

19 

31 

31 

21 

52 

24 

21 

45 

15 

li 

■Jt) 

Montgomery, 

2 

2 

6 

3 

1 

4 

1 

2 

3 

Palmer, 

2 

12 

15 

19 

5 

3 

8 

13 

12 

20 

13 

8 

L'l 

Russell, 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Southwick,  . 

12 

7 

17 

3 

4 

7 

3 

1 

4 

5 

1 

li 

Springfield, 

39 

13 

18 

47 

12 

16 

28 

22 

26 

48 

42 

59 

IHL 

Tolland, 

1 

4 

2 

6 

6 

7 

13 

7 

7 

1  1 

Wales, 

4 

5 

3 

3 

6 

1 

1 

. 

Westfield,    . 

41 

58 

29 

18 

22 

18 

40 

20 

19 

39 

7 

S 

West  Springfield, 

52 

54 

55 

16 

18 

34 

24 

27 

51 

26 

20 

ir. 

Wilbraham, 

2 

25 

10 

12 

/ 

8 

15 

1 

7 

14 

ti 

6 

i-J 

Hampden  County, 

112 

243 

215 

303 

166 

140 

306 

174 

173 

347 

152    160    -M-: 

*  In  the  census  for  1800,  there  are  225  instead  of  219  colored  persons  put  down  ns  belonging  to  the  tnw  n- 
at  preHenl  in  Haniixshire  county,  tlie  fi  in  Granby  being  proMiiied  lo  be  n  nii.vlnkc  for  0.  as  the  lurprc^'aii; 
of  its  popnlalion  wa.s  ~'^(J  and  not  T'J2 


COLORED   PERSONS    IN    THE    TOWNS   AND    COUNTIES. 


117 


TOWNS. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Male. 
6 

Fem. 

7 

Total 
13 

Male. 
8 

Fein. 

1 

Total 

9 

Male. 
1 

Fern. 
1 

Total 

Ashfield, 

fl) 

1 

3 

8 

2 

Bernardston, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Buckland,    . 

1 

1 

Charlemont, 

2 

2 

9 

2 

4 

1 

5 

Coleraine,    . 

ii 

31 

31 

19 

14 

33 

a 

17 

38 

20 

9 

29 

Conway, 

13 

7 

12 

10 

3 

13 

4 

2 

6 

Deerlicld,     . 

17 

24 

25 

25 

11 

o 

14 

9 

2 

11 

2 

3 

5 

Erving, 

. 

17 

51 

68 

Gill,     . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Greenfield,  . 

1 

3 

19 

1 

9 

13 

22 

5 

10 

15 

9 

11 

20 

Hawley, 

1 

1 

2 

Heath, 

1 

Leverett, 

1 

1 

1 

Leyden, 

2 

9 

3 

1 

1 

4 

8 

12 

6 

1 

7 

Monroe, 

. 

Montague,  . 

1 

2 

2 

. 

, 

New  Salem, 

1 

1 

16 

5 

3 

8 

3 

3 

6 

Northfield,  . 

6 

5 

1 

1 

3 

3 

6 

4 

4 

8 

3 

6 

9 

Orange, 

Rowe, 

] 

1 

Shelburne,  . 

12 

8 

13 

3 

3 

6 

2 

2 

4 

1 

1 

2 

Shutesbury, 

1 

3 

5 

3 

2 

5 

5 

4 

9 

4 

1 

5 

Sunderland, 

d) 

1 

2 

2 

. 

1 

1 

Warwick.    . 

2 

2 

4 

6 

1 

1 

Wendell,      . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

] 

1 

Whately,     . 

1 

1 

1 

Franklin  County, 

29 

82 

131 

98 

77 

58 

135 

85 

106 

191 

52 

36 

88 

Adams, 

15 

15. 

28 

10 

13 

23 

14 

14 

28 

21 

14 

35 

Alford, 

4 

5 

1 

6 

8 

6 

14 

8 

7 

15 

Becket, 

n) 

7 

6 

25 

7 

3 

10 

2 

1 

3 

6 

5 

11 

Boston  Corner,     . 

. 

Cheshire,     . 

12 

18 

13 

14 

27 

5 

6 

ii 

3 

2 

5 

Clarksburg, 

Dalton, 

8 

9 

37 

17 

12 

29 

18 

11 

29 

16 

16 

32 

Egremont,  . 

f5) 

5 

1 

2 

3 

8 

11 

4 

7 

11 

7 

6 

13 

Florida, 

3 

3 

6 

. 

Great  Barrington, 

19 

46 

57 

56 

41 

41 

82 

36 

39 

75 

64 

55 

119 

Hancock,     . 

1 

3 

4 

3 

J 

4 

4 

2 

6 

7 

8 

15 

Hinsdale,     . 

3 

1 

] 

1 

1 

10 

8 

18 

Lanes  borough,     . 

ri5) 

15 

29 

45 

22 

29 

51 

27 

34 

61 

50 

50 

100 

Lee,     . 

o 

A 

3 

9 

5 

14 

7 

18 

25 

26 

40 

66 

Lenox, 

17 

11 

40 

37 

39 

76 

44 

39 

83 

54 

54 

108 

Mt.  Washington, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

New  Ashford, 

2 

, 

New  Marlboro',  . 

ri3) 

13 

16 

12 

5 

6 

11 

3 

3 

6 

9 

12 

21 

Otis,    . 

1 

9 

1 

3 

4 

7 

13 

11 

24 

3 

3 

6 

Peru,  . 

22 

5 

1 

6 

4 

3 

7 

10 

5 

15 

16 


118 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TOWNS. 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Male. 
72 

Fern 
75 

Total 
147 

Male. 

Fern. 

Total 

Male.i 

1 

95 

Fem. 
107 

Total 

Pittsfield,     . 

10 

45 

80 

128 

79 

87 

166 

202 

Richmond,  . 

(4) 

4 

6 

4 

5 

9 

14 

3 

3 

6 

8 

7 

15 

Sandisfield, 

4 

9 

8 

29; 

4 

5 

9 

3 

6 

9 

2 

3 

5 

Savoy, 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Sheffield,      . 

26 

n 

103 

85 

87 

71 

158 

92 

91 

183 

99 

79 

178 

Stockbridge, 

27 

64 

71 

49 

16 

22 

38 

33 

31 

64 

46 

44 

90 

Tyringham, 

o 

y 

5 

8 

7 

8 

15 

10 

12 

22 

13 

12 

25 

Washington, 

2 

10 

11 

4 

1 

5 

1 

2 

3 

7 

12 

19 

W.  Stockbridge,  . 

10 

4 

2 

18 

20 

38 

22 

22 

44 

25 

19 

44 

Windsor, 

7 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

4 

3 

7 

Williamstown,     . 

(5) 

5 

31 

33 

28 

43 

71 

46 

56 

102 

64 

56 

120 

Berkshire  County, 

137 

323 

494 

653 

427 

435 

862 

484 

507 

991 

654 

624 

1278 

Bellingham, 

14 

2 

1 

4 

6 

10 

5 

2 

7 

Braintree,    . 

66 

18 

7 

'2 

9 

4 

6 

2 

4 

6 

'2 

3 

'5 

Brookhne,    . 

18 

13 

15 

6 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1' 

1 

2 

3 

Canton, 

10 

16 

8 

8 

16 

ii 

13 

24 

14 

23 

37 

Cohasset,     . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

Dedham, 

36 

16 

29 

31 

12 

15 

27 

4 

14 

18 

10 

11 

21 

Dorchester, 

37 

30 

35 

26 

7 

8 

15 

4 

9 

13 

4 

12 

16 

Dover, 

4 

1 

3 

0 

1 

3 

1 

1 

. 

Foxborough, 

1 

. 

1 

1 

Franklin,     . 

"3 

15 

6 

'4 

14 

18 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Medfield,      . 

'4 

15 

19 

10 

5 

5 

10 

6 

2 

8 

2 

"s;  10 

Medvvay, 

17 

21 

14 

11 

4 

5 

9 

2 

2 

Milton, 

47 

27 

30 

19 

12 

10 

22 

'5 

7 

12 

'4 

'3 

7 

Needham,    . 

14 

13 

16 

14 

7 

6 

13 

1 

3 

4 

Quincy, 

22 

6 

7 

6 

13 

"3 

'5 

*8 

3 

3 

Randolph,    . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

'1 

1 

Roxbury, 

80 

40 

71 

76 

26 

17 

43 

h 

16 

27 

11 

15 

26 

Sharon, 

5 

5 

8 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

Stoughton,  . 

26 

21 

2 

13 

10 

23 

6 

"s 

14 

'9 

10 

19 

Walpole, 

4 

5 

3 

2 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1        1 

AVey  mouth, 

27 

8 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

0 

3       3 

Wreniham, 

30 

2 

29 

15 

"9 

10 

19 

8 

7 

15 

'3 

3 

Norfolk  County,    . 

420 

243 

326 

256 

126 

131 

257 

69 

100 

169 

63 

97i  160 

Attleborough, 

15 

18 

10 

15 

7 

6 

13 

9 

2 

11 

11 

5 

16 

Berkley, 

10 

11 

4 

4 

2 

1 

3 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

3 

Dartmouth, 

61 

83 

167 

223 

1     87 

95 

182 

67 

4 

71 

22 

28 

50 

Dighton,*    . 

59 

89 

40 

53 

15 

16 

31 

2 

69 

71 

1 

7 

8 

Easton, 

4 

17 

12 

6 

7 

4 

11 

6 

6 

12 

7 

9 

16 

Fairhaven,  . 

17 

19 

36 

16 

18 

34 

17 

30 

47 

Fall  River,  . 

42 

1     16 

30 

46 

23 

23 

46 

11 

15 

26 

Freetown,    . 

67 

55 

41 

20 

5 

9 

14 

6 

4 

10 

. 

. 

Mansfield,    . 

5 

7 

3 

2 

1 

3 

"1 

1 

*  Wellington  waa  set  off  from  Dighton  in  1814,  and  was  united  to  Dighton  in  1828.    It  contained  7  col- 
ored males  and  11  colored  females  in  1820,  who  are  added  to  those  of  Dighton  in  the  above  table. 


COLORED    PERSONS    IN    THE    TOWNS    AND    COUNTIES. 


119 


TOWNS 

1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

I 

1820 

1830 

1840 

|Male. 

Fern. 

Total 

Male. 

Fern. 

Total  Male. 

Fern. 

Total 

New  Bedford, 

. 

38 

160 

190 

97 

113 

210 

212 

171 

383 

405 

362 

767 

Norton, 

30 

13 

12 

8 

3 

- 

3 

. 

. 

. 

2 

3 

5 

Pawtucket, 

- 

. 

- 

- 

- 

3 

5 

8 

4 

5 

9 

Raynham, 

6 

29 

30 

21 

13 

14 

27 

12 

18 

30 

13 

17 

30 

Rehoboth, 

53 

91 

70 

70 

13 

10 

27 

8 

11 

19 

13 

14 

27 

Seekonk, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9 

13 

22 

6 

16 

22 

14 

7 

21 

Somerset, 

- 

62 

20 

14 

3 

7 

10 

. 

3 

3 

. 

. 

. 

Swanzey, 

41 

72 

52 

75 

19 

21 

40 

23 

22 

45 

13 

11 

24 

Taunton, 

55 

90 

105 

105 

42 

38 

80 

33 

52 

85 

65 

67 

132 

Westport, 

- 

56 

78 

75 

23 

1 

24 

47 

36 

36 

72 

1 

25 

24 

49 

Bristol  County, 

401 

729 

808 

924 

1  378 

420 

798 

465 

463 

928 

626 

605 

1231 

Abington,    . 

21 

15 

34 

14 

7 

8 

15 

4 

4 

8 

6 

7 

13 

Bridgewaler, 

94 

129 

140 

109 

46 

45 

91 

15 

23 

38 

7 

12 

19 

Carver, 

. 

12 

6 

. 

3 

1 

4 

. 

. 

. 

1 

1 

Duxbury,     . 

8 

10 

7 

8 

5 

7 

12 

13 

15 

26 

2 

11 

13 

East  Bridgewater, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

. 

- 

- 

9 

6 

15 

4 

3 

7 

Halifax, 

11 

2 

. 

. 

2 

3 

5 

4 

2 

6 

- 

- 

- 

Hanson, 

. 

. 

. 

. 

5 

3 

8 

6 

13 

19 

4 

8 

12 

Hanover,     . 

(35) 

35 

21 

15 

7 

8 

15 

2 

1 

3 

8 

5 

13 

Hingham,    . 

77 

24 

41 

33 

18 

16 

34 

9 

16 

25 

16 

18 

34 

Hull,   . 

16 

2 

3 

2 

1 

- 

1 

1 

1 

2 

. 

- 

- 

Kingston,     . 

11 

18 

17 

5 

4 

3 

7 

. 

1 

1 

3 

2 

5 

Marshfield, 

40 

28 

19 

34 

14 

13 

27 

6 

7 

13 

5 

7 

12 

Bliddleborough,    . 

32 

24 

14 

19 

8 

6 

14 

13 

8 

21 

16 

19 

35 

N.  Bridgewater,  . 

- 

- 

- 

. 

. 

- 

23 

17 

40 

11 

11 

22 

Pembroke,   . 

22 

43 

40 

44 

2 

7 

9 

7 

11 

18 

5 

3 

8 

Plvmontli, 

77 

54 

55 

34 

24 

22 

46 

19 

24 

43 

12 

13 

25 

Plympton, 

12 

4 

1 

2 

- 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Rochester, 

22 

54 

24 

25 

19 

21 

40 

22 

25 

47 

18 

19 

37 

Scituate, 

107 

65 

64 

74 

30 

18 

48 

21 

25 

46 

21 

32 

53 

Wareham, 

5 

10 

15 

2 

3 

8 

11 

2 

4 

6 

9 

10 

19 

W.  Bridgewater, . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

17 

13 

30 

13 

10 

23 

Flymouth  County, 

590 

529 

501 

420 

198 

190 

388 

194 

217 

411 

161 

192   353 

Barnstable, 

56 

55 

50 

47 

17 

22 

39 

26 

30 

56 

20 

12 

32 

Brewster,     . 

. 

. 

. 

3 

5 

10 

15 

4 

10 

14 

10 

y 

19 

Chatham, 

5 

3 

3 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Dennis, 

- 

- 

1 

4 

. 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Eastham, 

11 

3      - 

2 

- 

- 

- 

2 

1 

3 

- 

- 

- 

Falmouth, 

31 

38     41 

49 

23 

19 

42 

8 

18 

26 

8 

11 

19 

Harwich, 

23 

11     29 

1 

1 

5 

6 

3 

3 

6 

1 

- 

1 

Marshpee, 

31 

174     39 

47 

17 

12 

29 

- 

- 

- 

146 

148 

294 

Orleans, 

. 

. 

2 

4 

3 

2 

5 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

i 

Provincetow 

n. 

(2) 

2 

4 

. 

2 

. 

2 

. 

. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Sandwich, 

'32 

47 

36 

56 

20 

6 

26 

16 

11 

27 

21 

24 

45 

Truro, 

6 

4 

3 

- 

- 

- 

. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Wellfleet, 

14 

2|       9 

- 

. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

. 

- 

- 

- 

Yarmouth, 

22 

33 

46 

23 

10 

7 

17 

18 

17 

35 

10 

14 

24 

Barnstable  County, 

233 

372 

263 

236 

98 

83 

181 

78 

90 

168 

218 

219 

437 

120 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TOWNS. 

1765  17901800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Male.  Fem. 
6i       2 

Total 



8 

Male. 
13 

Fem. 
9 

Total 
22 

Male. 

Fem.  Total 

Chilmark,    . 

17      16      94 

42 

-    i 

Edgartown, 

20       7      30 

86 

40      43 

83 

5 

10 

15 

13 

7 

20 

Tisbury, 

9:     10      78 

28 

4       2 

6 

9 

2 

11 

- 

- 

- 

Dukes  Cou7ity, 

46     33 

1 

202 

156 

j     50 

47 

97 

27 

21 

48 

13 

7 

20 

Nantucket,  . 

110 

228 

300 

132 

115 

247 

! 

132 

147 

279 

423 

155 

578 

TABLE  XVIII. — Exhibiting  the  Number  of  Totvns  and  Districts  incorporated,  and  the 
Number  containing  Colored  Persons,  at  the  dates  of  the  Censuses,  within  the  territorial 
limits  of  the  several  Counties  as  now  constituted. 


1765 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

COUNTIES. 

Towns. 

Towns. 

Towns. 

Towns. 

Towns. 

Towns. 

Towns. 

In- 

Witli 

In- 

With 

In 

VVitii 

In- 

Witli 

In- 

With 

In- 

With 

In- 

With 

cor- 

col'd 

cor- 

col'd 

cor 

col'd 

cor- 

col'd 

cor- 

col'd 

cor- 

col'd 

cor- 

col'd 

pora- 

per- 

pora- 

per- 

pora- 

per- 

pora- 

per- 

po ra- 

per- 

pora- 

per- 

po ra- 

per- 

ted. 

sons. 

ted. 

sons. 

ted. 

sons. 

ted. 

sons. 

ted. 

sons. 

ted. 

sons. 

ted. 

sons. 

Suffolk,      -     - 

o 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

0 

2 

Essex,  -     -    - 

21 

21 

22 

22 

23 

23 

23 

23 

26 

23 

26 

25 

28 

20 

Middlesex,     - 

36 

36 

41 

41 

42 

41 

44 

34 

45 

34 

46 

38 

'  46 

35 

Worcester,     - 

39 

35 

49 

43 

49 

40 

51 

40 

54 

45 

54 

41 

55 

38 

Hampshire,    - 

11 

7 

21 

19 

21 

17 

21 

19 

22 

18 

23 

18 

23 

17 

Hampden, 

10 

10 

16 

15 

17 

16 

18 

18 

18 

18 

18 

17 

18 

16 

Franklin,  -    - 

12 

8 

22 

15 

24 

1\S 

24 

12 

24 

17 

25 

15 

26 

12 

Berkshire, 

12 

12 

26 

23 

30 

24 

31 

27 

30 

27 

30 

26 

31 

25 

Norfolk,    -    - 

15 

U 

19 

17 

22 

20 

22 

20 

22 

20 

22 

21 

22 

16 

Bristol,      -     - 

]1 

11 

15 

15 

15 

15 

16 

16 

19 

18 

19 

18 

19 

17 

Plymouth, 

16 

16 

17 

17 

17 

16 

17 

15 

21 

18 

21 

20 

21 

19 

Barnstable,     - 

11 

11 

11 

11 

13 

12 

M 

U) 

M 

ij 

14 

8 

14 

il 

Dukes,  -     -     - 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

o 

3 

o 

3 

o 

o 

3       1 

Nantucket,     - 

1 

- 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1       1 

Total,      - 

200 

186 

265 

244 

279 

246 

287 

240 

301 

253 

304 

253 

3091  228 

NUMBER    OF    TOWNS    CONTAINING    COLORED    PERSONS.         121 

It  appears  from  this  tabic,  (XVIII)  that  the  whole  num- 
ber of  incorporated  towns  and  districts  was  greater  than 
that  of  those  containing  colored  persons,  in  17G5,  by  14; 
in  1790,  by  21 ;  in  1800,  by  33 ;  in  1810,  by  47  ;  in  1820, 
by  48;  in  1830,  by  51 ;  and  in  1840,  by  81 ;  that,  while 
the  number  of  towns  had  increased  109  in  seventy-five 
years,  those  with  colored  persons  had  increased  only  42;  and 
that,  in  the  fifty  years  from  1790,  while  the  increase  of  towns 
incorporated  had  been  44,  the  decrease  of  those  with  col- 
ored persons  had  been  16.  In  the  period  of  twenty  years, 
from  1820  to  1840,  the  increase  of  the  towns  was  only  8, 
but  there  was  a  decrease  of  25  of  those  with  colored  per- 
sons. The  proportion  of  the  incorporated  towns  contain- 
ing colored  persons,  to  the  whole  number,  was  93  jier  cent. 
in  1765;  92-07  ;w  cen^.  in  1790;  8817  y>er  cent,  in  1800; 
83-62  per  cent,  in  1810 ;  84-05  ;jer  ce7it.  in  1820 ;  8322 
per  cent,  in  1830;  and  73-78  />er  cent,  in  1840; — showing 
a  decrease  of  the  former  of  nearly  20  p>Gr  cent,  during  the 
seventy-five  years.  Most  of  the  towns  incorporated  from 
1765  to  1790,  were  formed  out  of  unincorporated  places  in 
the  westerly  section  of  the  Commonwealth;  but  since 
1790,  the  new  towns  have  been  almost  wholly  formed  in 
consequence  of  a  division  of  towns.  From  1790  to  1840, 
29  of  the  towns  containing  colored  persons,  were  taken  from 
other  towns,  and  incorporated,  so  that  199  are  all  that  re- 
mained in  1840  with  colored  persons,  of  the  244  towns 
which  had  them  in  1790,  fifty  years  before.  It  seems  from 
this  that  the  colored  population  are  now  less  distributed 
over  the  Commonwealth,  and  more  concentrated  in  certain 
towns  and  localities,  and  have  been  so  of  late  years,  than 
formerly.  In  1840,  there  were  30,  and,  in  1830,  32  towns, 
which  had  only  one  colored  person  each. 


122 


POPULATION  OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XIX. — Exhibiting  the  Colored  Population  of  Massachusetts,  according  to  seven 
Censuses,  from  1765  to  1840,  togWier  nith  the  Increase  during  each  Period,  and  the  Pro- 
portion of  the  Colored  to  the  White  Population  in  1765,  1790  and  1840,  by  Counties,  the 
Decrease  being  marked  thus  — . 


r? — 

1-^ 

=                  .1=1                                             1  o 

1 

3^ 

o 

c 

1 

c 

o 
a* 

■= 

Census,  1820. 

c 

COUNTIES. 

3 

§ 

S2 

3 

ci  i: 

= 

a  !: 

is 

C 

h'^ 

a 

a 

o   f-> 

S           o  >. 

Male. 

Fem. 

Total 

c  >» 

o 

O 

" 

o 

a     £ 

952 

Suffolk, 

... 

891-104 

'  787 

4071194 

i  290 

1484!  24S 

774 

1726    157 

Essex, 

. 

1051-171 

!  880 

31]  911 

j-51 

860 

-20c 

328 

327 

655L133 

Middlesex, 

. 

910-313 

1  597 

-1271  470 

-96 

374 

41 

213 

2U2 

415i   102 

AVorcester, 

. 

317 

92 

i  409      81  i  490 

1-22 

468 

—11 

237 

220 

457 

-S9 

Hampshire, 

. 

62 

64 

126     93   219 

1-14 

205 

IJ 

104 

112 

216 

7 

Hampden, 

. 

112 

131 

243—28   215 

I     88 

303 

% 

i    166 

140 

306     41 

Franklin, 

. 

29 

52 

82;     49    131 

'—33 

98 

3- 

'      77 

58 

135 

56 

Berkshire, 

- 

137 

181 

323 

171|  494 

159 

653 

20t 

)    427 

435 

862 

129 

Norfolk, 

- 

420-177 

243 

83    326 

—70 

256 

] 

L    126 

131 

257—88 

Bristol, 

. 

401!  325 

729 

79,  80E 

116 

924 

-12( 

)   378 

420 

798 

130 

Plymouth, 

. 

590—61 

529 

—28    501 

—81 

4201— 31 

I    198 

190 

388 

23 

Barnstable, 

. 

233    13t 

'  372 

Uiof 

26: 

-27 

236—5. 

3     98 

83 

181':— 13 

Dukes, 

- 

46— i: 

!      35 

16t 

20^ 

'—46 

156—5' 

i     50 

47 

97;— 49 

Nantucket, 

- 

- 

lie 

)    IIL 

lie 

226 

J      72 

300;— 53i  132 

1         1 

115 

247 

32 

Total, 

. 

5199 

264 

1546: 

98t 

645i: 

285 

6737 

3  3308 

3432'6740 

1 

305 

Increase  per  cent., 

- 

5-0' 

f      . 

18-lC 

)      - 

4-41 

-   1    -041     - 

. 

4-52 

o 

e  Ec 

°  ss 

Census,  1830. 

c 

Census,  IS40. 

rtr£ 

aiT 

Proportion  of  the  Colored 

It 

SeI 

to  the  While  Population. 

COUNTIES. 

Male.  Fem. 

Total 

c 

Male 

Fern.  Total 

££g 

1765 

1790 

1840 

Suffolk, 

8701013 

1883i       555 

1407 

10312438 

154'; 

1651 

I0I6-9: 

I  to  22-8/ 

1  to  38-29 

Essex, 

242    280 

522;     —15 

233 

274 

507 

—54-1 

— 373 

40  41 

64-81 

186-35 

Middlesex, 

263    254 

517,     —24 

285 

208 

493 

—All 

—  104 

37-391    70-58 

215-24 

Worcester, 

164    204 

368!       205 

261 

312 

573 

25L 

164 

106-78  137-89!  165-34 

Hampshire 

113    110 

223     22 

106 

95 

201 

131 

75 

102-69  148-38'  152-72 

Hampden, 

174    173 

347  i     —35 

152 

160 

312 

20C 

69 

79-54 

77-98  118-66 

Franklin, 

85:   106 

191     -103 

52 

36 

88 

6e 

6 

205-8t 

260-96,  326-40 

Berkshire, 

484    507 

991'       287 

654 

624 

1278 

1141 

955 

81-52 

92-531    31-66 

Norfolk, 

69 

100 

1691     —  9 

63 

97 

160 

— 26t 

—83 

4MC 

97-26;  331-12 

Bristol, 

465 

4631  928       303 

626 

605 

1231 

S3C 

)       502 

52-1 1|    42-49;    47-87 

Plymouth, 

194 

217 

411      —58 

161 

192 

353 

—23- 

J    —176 

42-65 

5900  133-20 

Barnstable 

78 

90 

168       269 

218 

219 

437 

20^ 

1         65 

52-11 

45  65    73-48 

Dukes, 

27 

21 

48     —28 

13 

7 

20 

—261     —13 

50-00 

97-93'  196-90 

Nantucket, 

132 

147 

279:       299 

423 

155 

578 

578       468 

- 

41-00     14-59 

Total, 

3360 

3685  7045 

1624 

4654  4015'8669 

3470      3206 

45-96'    68-33    84  09 

Increase, 

1 

per  cent. 

- 

- 

- 

2305 

- 

- 

66-74     58-66 

It  appears  from  Table  XIX.,  that,  during  the  period  of  75  and  of  50  years,  acconiing  to  the  censuses,  there 
was  ab.siilutely  an  increase  of  the  colored  population  in  9,  and  a  decrease  in  .'>  counties  ;  but  their  proportion 
to  ihi;  whiles,  during  llie  7.')  years,  was  decreased  in  11  counties  and  increased  only  in  lltrkxhire.  lirislol 
and  Nuntucket,  and  dnrin?  the  50  years  it  decreased  in  12  counties  and  increased  oidy  in  Berkahirt:  axvX 
Nuntiii-kil. 


PROPORTION    OF    COLORED    TO    WHITE    POPULATION. 


123 


TABLE  XX. — Exhibiting  the  Number  of  the  Colored,  and  their  Proportion  to 
the  White  Population,  in  Massachusetts,  according  to  the  seven  Ce7isuses. 


CENSUS. 

COLORED  POPULATION. 

TOTAL. 

PROPORTION  TO  WHITES. 

Males. 

Females. 

Per  cent. 

Ratio. 

In  1765 

"  1790 
"  1800 
"  1810 
"  1820 
"  1830 
"  1840 

3,308 
3,360 
4,554 

3,432 
3,685 
4,015 

5,199 
5,463 
6,452 

6,737 
6,740 
7,045 
8,669 

2-17 
1-46 
1-54 
1-44 
1-30 
1-16 
1-18 

1  to  45-96 
1  to  68-33 
1  to  64  53 
1  to  69-06 
1  to  76-59 
1  to  85-64 
1  to  84-09 

TABLE  XXI. — Exhibiting  the  Number  of  the  White,  of  the  Colored,  and  of  the 
Whole  Population,  according  to  the  seven  Censuses,  together  with  their  increase 
during  six  Periods. 


NUMBER. 

INCREASE  DURING  THE  PERIODS. 

CENSUS. 

Whites. 

Blacks. 

Total. 

Whites. 

Blacks. 

Total. 

In  1765 

238950 

5,199 

244149 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

«   1790 

373324 

5,463 

378787 

134374 

56-23 

264 

5-07 

134638 

55-14 

"   1800 

416393 

6,452 

422845 

43,069 

11-53 

989 

1810 

44,058 

11-63 

"   1810 

465303 

6,737 

472040 

48,910 

11-74 

285 

4-41 

49,195 

11-63 

"   1820 

516547 

6,740 

523287 

51,244 

11-01 

3 

•04 

51,247 

10-85 

"   1830 

603363 

7,045 

610408 

86,816 

16-80 

305 

4-52 

87,121 

16-64 

"  1840 

729031 

8,669 

737700 

125668 

20-58 

1,624 

23-05 

127292 

20-85 

It  is  apparent  that  the  increase  of  the  colored  population 
during  the  several  periods  has  been  very  unequal,  and  also 
that  it  has  been  much  less  than  that  of  the  whites,  with 
two  exceptions,  namely,  from  1790  to  1800,  and  from  1830 
to  1840.  These  exceptions  may  have  been,  in  part  at 
least,  owing  to  the  immigration  of  blacks  from  other  states. 

The  increase  of  the  blacks  during  the  seventy-five  years 
from  1765  to  1840,  was  3,470,  or  66-74  ;?er  ceiit. ;  which  is 
less  than  one  third  of  that  (205-09  'per  cent.)  of  the  whites. 
During  the  twenty-live  years  from  1765  to  1790,  it  was 
only  264,  or  5  07  per  cent. ;  which  is  not  one  eleventh  part 
of  that  (56-23  per  cent.)  of  the  whites.     During  the  fifty 


124  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

years  from  1790  to  1840,  it  was  3,206,  or  58-66  jpcr  cent., 
which  is  a  little  more  than  three  fifths  of  that  (95*28  'per 
cent.^  of  the  whites. 

The  small  increase  of  the  colored  population  from  1765 
to  1790,  being  only  264,  or  5 '07  per  cent.,  while  that  of  the 
whites  was  56  23  pe?^  cent.,  or  over  eleven  times  as  great, 
we  ascribe  chiefly  to  the  effects  of  the  Revolutionary  War 
on  that  class,  conjoined  with  their  degraded  condition 
among  the  whites.  Before  the  war,  most  of  them  were 
substantially  in  the  condition  of  slaves.*  Public  senti- 
ment, however,  partly  by  the  advance  of  more  correct  moral 
views  in  the  community,  and  partly  by  the  increasing 
desire  of  freedom  from  British  rule,  which  stimulated 
the  colonists  to  gain  their  own  freedom,  had  been,  to  a 
great  degree,  awakened  to  the  right  and  propriety  of  the 
blacks  enjoying  their  freedom  ;f  and,  accordingly,  in  1776, 


*"  I  am  inclined  to  think,"  says  Dr.  Belknap,  "  thai  slaves  were  more  numerous  before  1763, 
.than  at  thai  time,  because,  in  the  two  preceding  wars,  many  of  thena  enlisted  either  into  the 
army  or  on  board  vessels  of  war,  with  a  view  to  procure  llieir  freedom.  One  of  my  informants, 
Prince  Hall,  a  very  intelligent  black  man,  aged  fifty-seven  years,  thinks  that  slaves  were 
most  numerous  about  the  year  1745.  What  their  proportion  was,  to  the  whites,  at  that  time,  I 
have  no  means  to  ascertain  ;  but  I  think  it  could  not  have  been  more  than  1  to  40.  I  do  not 
make  use  of  bills  of  mortality  in  estimating  their  number  in  proportion  to  the  whiles,  because 
the  blacks  were  always  more  sickly  ami  died  in  greater  proportion." — Collections  of  the  Mas- 
sac/msetfs  Historical  Society,  Vol.  IV.  p.  199. 

"  The  winter  here  was  always  unfavorable  to  the  African  constitution.  For  this  reason,  white 
laborers  were  preferred  to  lilacks  ;  and  as  whites  were  more  numerous,  there  was  not  much  en- 
couragement to  the  importation  of  blaclcs,  nor  were  they  ever  so  prolific  here  as  the  whiles.  In 
the  maritime  towns,  blacks  were  more  numerous  than  in  the  country ;  and  I  supjwse  Boston 
generally  contained  nearly  one  fourth  part  of  the  whole  number  of  them.  Excepting  such 
tradesmen  as  rope-makers,  anchor-smiths  and  shipcarpenlers,  who  employ  a  great  many  hands, 
scarcely  any  family  had  more  than  two ;  some  not  more  than  one  ;  and  many  none  at  all.  In 
the  country  towns,  1  have  never  heard  of  more  than  three  or  four  on  a  farm,  except  in  one  in- 
stance, where  tlie  number  was  sixteen,  and  this  was  a  didtingiashod  singularity.  The  greater 
number  of  husbandmen  preferred  white  to  black  laborers." — id. 

tTo  the  intiuiry  respecting  '  the  mode  by  which  slavery  hath  been  abolished?'  Dr.  Belknap 
says  :  "  The  general  answer  is,  that  slavery  hath  been  alxilished  here  hy  public  opinion,  which 
began  to  be  established  alxiul  thirty  years  ago  [1765].  At  the  beginning  of  our  controversy 
with  Great  Britain,  several  persons,  who  before  had  eiitrrtaincd  sentiments  opposed  to  the  sla- 
very of  the  blacks,  did  tlicn  take  occasion  publicly  to  remonstrate  again.st  tlie  inconsistency  of 
contending  for  our  own  liberty,  and  at  tlie  same  time  depriving  other  people  of  theirs."  *  * 
"  The  controversy  began  about  the  year  1766,  and  was  renewed  al  various  times  till  1773."  *  * 


INCREASE    OF    COLOKED    PERSONS    IN    DIFFERENT    PERIODS.    125 

slavery  was  virtually  abolished  in  Massachusetts  by  an 
act  of  the  legislature,  after  having  existed  there  about  a 
century.  During  the  Revolutionary  War  many  of  the 
slaves  were  offered  their  freedom  on  condition  of  their  en- 
listing in  the  army.  Medical  men,  attached  to  the  army, 
have  expressed  their  fall  conviction  that  the  mortality  was 
much  greater  among  the  blacks  than  among  the  whites,  in 
the  army  of  the  Revolution.  This  is  to  be  expected,  from 
their  degraded  condition,  among  a  population  in  which  the 
whites  so  greatly  predominated,  in  a  time  of  war  no  less 
than  in  a  time  of  peace.* 

The  great  increase  of  the  whites  during  these  twenty- 


"  In  1767,  an  attempt  was  made  by  the  legislature  to  discourage  the  slave  trade."— Co//ec- 
tions  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  Vol  IV.  p.  201. 

In  1770,  and  to  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  there  were  trials  in  court  to  recover  of  master.-}  for 
services  by  negroes  after  twenty-one  years  of  age.— id.  p.  202. 

"  During  the  Revolutionary  War,  l\\&  public  opinion  was  so  strongly  in  favor  of  the  abolition 
of  slavery,  that  in  some  of  tlie  country  towns,  votes  were  passed  in  town  meeting.?,  that  they 
would  have  no  slaves  among  them ;  and  that  they  would  not  exact  of  masters  any  bonds  for  the 
maintenance  of  liberated  blacks,  if  they  should  become  incapable  of  supporting  themselves."  * 

"In  New  Hampshire,  blacks,  by  three  years  service  in  the  army,  obtained  their  freedom." — 
id.  p.  203. 

*  As  to  the  query  7,  respecting  the  condition  of  emancipated  blacks.  Dr.  Belknap  says  :  "  If 
a  comparison  be  made  between  the  former  and  present  condition  of  this  class  of  people  in  the 
New  England  states,  it  may  be  said  that  unless  liberty  be  reckoned  as  a  compensation  for  many 
inconveniences  and  hardships,  the  former  condition  of  most  of  them  was  preferable  to  the  pres- 
ent. They  have  generally,  though  not  wholly,  left  the  country,  and  resorted  to  the  raarilirrie 
towns.  Some  are  incorporated,  and  their  breed  is  mixed  with  the  Indians  of  Cape  Cod  and 
Martha's  Vineyard  ;  and  the  Indians  are  said  to  be  meliorated  by  the  mixture.  Some  are  in- 
dustrious and  prudent,  and  a  few  have  acquired  property  ;  but  too  many  are  improvident  and 
indolent,  though  a  subsistence  for  laboring  people  is  here  very  easily  obtained."   *    * 

"  They  often  suffer  by  damp,  unwholesome  lodgings,  because  they  are  unable  to  pay  the  rent 
of  belter ;  and  they  are  subject  to  many  infirmities  and  diseases,  especially  in  the  winter."  *    * 

"  Tlie  same  provision  is  made  by  the  public  for  the  education  of  their  children,  as  for  those  of 
the  whites."— CoWec<io?is  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  Vol.  IV.  p.  206. 

"  In  age,  decrepitude  or  insanity,  they  have  the  benefit  of  the  laws,  which  oblige  every  town 
to  provide  for  the  poor  and  infirm." — id.  p.  207. 

Dr.  Belknap  knew  one  colored  man  who  was  chosen  a  town  clerk  in  one  of  the  country 
towns.  *  *  In  the  insurrection  of  17S6,  "  they  offered  their  services  to  Gov.  Bowdoin,  to 
go  against  the  insurgents,  to  the  number  of  700."  *  *  Dr.  Belknap  inclines  to  tlie  opinion 
of  those  who  maintain  that  no  difference  can  be  traced  between  the  blacks  and  the  whites  simi- 
larly educated,  as  to  their  moral  and  social  character ;  and  asserts  that  black  men  more  fre- 
quently marry  white  women  than  the  contrary.— id.  p.  209. 

17 


126  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

five  years,  beiug  nearly  as  great  as  that  during  any  period 
of  thirty  years  since,  is  to  be  referred  to  the  settlement  of 
the  western  part  of  the  Commonwealth,  which,  in  1765, 
was  almost  a  wilderness. 

During  the  ten  years  from  1790  to  ISOO,  the  increase  of 
the  blacks  was  9S9,  or  IS  10  per  ceiit.^  which  is  more  than 
one  and  a  half  times  that  of  the  whites  in  Massachusetts, 
and  yet  even  this  was  only  about  half  the  average  increase 
of  the  whole  population  of  the  United  States.  This  increase 
of  IS  per  cent,  of  the  blacks  is  undoubtedly  less  than  their 
natural  increase  would  be  under  the  most  favorable  cir- 
cumstances of  society;  but  when  we  consider  their  condi- 
tion— chiefly  as  servants,  with  some  few  in  almost  every 
town,  and  subjected  to  many  disadvantages  unfavorable  to 
their  physical  comfort  and  enjoyment,  to  their  moral  im- 
provement, and  even  to  life — among  the  predominant  class, 
the  whiles,  even  this  increase  of  theirs  was  probably 
owing,  in  part  at  least,  to  immigration  into  Massachusetts, 
now  made//-ee  to  them.,  virtually  by  the  legislature  in  1776, 
and  absolutely  by  the  state  constitution  in  1780.  But,  in 
1790,  the  territory  of  Massachusetts  was  mostly  divided 
into  incorporated  towns,  and  from  that  time  we  may  con- 
sider the  emigration  of  the  whites  out  of  the  state  as  com- 
mencing, which  has  continued  since,  especially  for  about  a 
quarter  of  a  century.  This  accounts  for  the  small  increase 
of  the  whites  from  1790  to  1800. 

From  1800  to  1810,  the  increase  of  the  blacks  Avas  only 
285,  or  4-41  per  cent..,  which  is  less  than  half  that  of  the 
whites,  who  emigrated  out  of  the  state  in  large  numbers, 
and  with  them  probably  a  portion  of  the  blacks. 

From  1810  to  1820,  the  increase  of  the  blacks  was  only 
3,  or  -04  j)er  cent..,  which  is  less  than  one  222d  part  of  that 
of  the  whites.  This  very  small  increase  may  be  very 
much  accounted  for  by  the  three  following  causes  : 

1.  In  1813  and  in  1817,  important  changes  were  made 


INCREASE    OF    COLORED    PERSONS    IN    DIFFERENT    PERIODS.    127 

in  the  laws  of  New  York,  by  which  slavery  was  substan- 
tially or  prospectively  abolished  in  that  state,  and  the 
blacks  were  admitted  to  nearly  equal  privileges  with  the 
whites,  which  they  have  enjoyed  ever  since.  The  conse- 
quence was,  that  some  blacks  who  had,  before  1810,  left 
New  York,  then  a  slave  state,  and  settled  in  Massachusetts, 
ay>ee  state,  were  known  during  these  ten  years  to  return 
to  New  York,  their  native  state,  after  it  became  free,  thus 
reducing  the  number  of  blacks  in  Massachusetts  in  1820. 

2.  During  the  war  of  1812  to  181.5,  some  colored  persons 
joined  the  army  and  never  returned ;  the  mortality  of  the 
blacks  in  the  army  being  presumed  to  have  been  much 
greater  than  that  of  the  whites.  At  least  one  company  of 
blacks  was  formed  in  Boston  during  the  war  of  1812,  and 
placed  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Mackintosh.     Major 

,  who  was  in  the   service  during  the  whole  of  that 

war,  thinks  that  the  mortality  of  the  blacks  in  the  army 
was  three  times  as  great  as  that  of  the  whites  during  that 
contest. 

3.  The  third  cause  was  the  emigration  of  the  blacks  out 
of  the  Commonwealth.  The  American  Colonization  Soci- 
ety was  formed  at  Washington  in  1816.  "  In  1817,  two 
agents  were  sent  by  the  society  to  examine  the  western 
coast  of  Africa,  for  a  suitable  spot  for  the  colony.  They 
selected  a  position  on  the  Sherbro,  and  in  February,  1820, 
the  first  vessel  was  despatched,  with  88  colonists."  We 
are  unable  to  say  whether  this  expedition  affected  the  num- 
ber of  the  colored  population  in  Massachusetts  during  this 
period.  But  it  is  stated  in  the  third  Annual  Report  of  the 
Colonization  Society,  of  the  date  of  February  8,  1820,  that 
''  it  is  but  a  few  years  since  Capt.  Paul  CufFee  (who  was 
born  in  New  Bedford,  and  who  for  many  years  sailed  out 
of  Westport  in  his  own  vessel  on  various  voyages,)  carried 
38  from  Boston  to  Sierra  Leone,  chiefly  at  his  own  ex- 
pense ;  and  in  a  letter,  written  after  his  voyage,  he  declares 


12S  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

that  he  could  have  obtained  the  consent  of  the  greater  part 
of  the  free  people  of  color  in  that  city  and  its  vicinity  to 
remove  to  Africa.  And,  let  it  not  be  forgotten,  that  of 
those  whom  he  actually  carried,  there  was  not  one  disposed 
to  return  with  him  to  America."  During  these  ten  years, 
also,  upon  the  invitation  of  the  Emperor  of  Hayti,  some 
colored  persons  left  Massachusetts,  as  well  as  other  parts 
of  the  United  States,  and  removed  to  St.  Domingo. 

From  1820  to  1830,  ihe  increase  of  the  blacks  was  305, 
or  4-52  per  cent.,  which  is  a  little  more  than  one  quarter 
of  that  of  the  whites ;  and  this  is  probably  full  as  great  as 
their  average  decennial  increase  has  been  during  the  whole 
seventy-five  years,  considering  their  condition  among  the 
whites  as  the  predominant  class  of  the  population.  Some 
have  doubted  whether  their  natural  increase  in  Massachu- 
setts has  equalled  the  number  of  those  who  have  died,  and 
who  have  emigrated  out  of  the  state  during  the  last  fifty  or 
seventy-five  years ;  and  some  have  even  supposed  ihat, 
without  immigration,  and  without  mixture  with  the  whites, 
the  whole  race  would,  in  a  few  years,  be  extinct  in  this 
Commonwealth. 

The  increase  of  tlie  blacks  from  1830  to  1S40,  was  1,624, 
or  23*05  /jer  cent.\  according  to  the  censuses  of  these  years, 
which  is  nearly  2|  (2-47)  per  cent,  more  than  that  of  the 
whites,  though  this  was  378  per  cent,  more  than  it  had 
been  in  any  ten  years  since  1790.  This  increase  of  the 
blacks  is  more  than  half  their  whole  increase  during  the 
fifty  years  from  1790  to  1840,  and  deserves  explanation. 
Nearly  four  fifths  of  this  increase  were  males,  and  only 
about  one  fifth /ema/e5 ;  that  of  the  females  being  330,  or 
8-95  ^jer  cent.,  and  that  of  the  males  1,294,  or  38-51  per 
cent.  A  great  part  of  the  whole  increase  of  23'05  per  cent. 
is  clearly  to  be  traced  to  the  effect  of  immigration  from 
abroad,  or  to  some  cause  other  than  their  natural  increase. 

We  feel  sure  that  the  increase  of  the  colored  population, 


INCREASE    OF    COLORED    PERSONS    IN    DIFFERENT    PERIODS.    129 

from  natural  causes,  and  exclusive  of  immigration,  aver- 
aged not  more  than  5  per  cent,  during  each  ten  years  from 
176.3  to  1810,  and  less  than  half  of  1  per  cent,  per  annum. 
It  is  also  apparent  that  their  increase,  exclusive  of  immi- 
gration, during  each  ten  years  from  1790  to  1810,  cannot 
have  averaged  over  1  per  cent..,  while  that  of  the  whole 
population  has  averaged  over  14  jwer  cent.  ;  and,  owing  to 
the  emigration  of  the  whites  out  of  the  state,  this  last 
average  has  been  less  than  half  of  that  of  the  United  States. 

In  1820,  the  number  of  the  colored  females  was  124 
more,  and  in  1830,  325  more,  than  that  of  the  males ;  but 
in  1840,  the  males  were  639  more  than  the  females ;  so 
that  the  proportion  of  the  sexes  was  materially  changed 
during  these  last  ten  years.  In  other  words,  the  proportion 
of  the  females  to  the  males,  in  1820,  was  as  100  to  96-38; 
in  1830,  as  100  to  9118;  and  in  1840,  as  100  to  115-91. 
This  change  in  the  proportion  of  the  sexes,  from  1830  to 
1840,  can  hardly  be  ascribed  to  natural  causes,  and  sug- 
gests the  idea  of  immigration  from  other  places  as  the  cause. 
We  should  expect  this  as  the  cause,  from  the  well  known 
interest  that  has  been  felt  very  extensively  over  the  whole 
country,  respecting  the  condition  of  the  colored  population 
during  these  ten  years. 

We  are  confirmed  in  the  correctness  of  this  idea,  when 
we  examine  more  closely  the  ages  and  the  residences  of 
the  males  especially,  according  to  the  censuses  of  1830  and 
1840,  as  exhibited  in  the  next  two  tables. 


130 


POPULATION  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XXII. — Exhibiting  the  Ce7isus  of  the  Free  Colored  Persons  in  Massachusetts,  in 

1830,  bij  Counties. 


MALES. 

FEMALES. 

COUNTIES. 

o  . 

Ptt< 

5? 

is" 

o 

8 

S 

s 

1 

o 

a" 

1* 

13  "^ 

1' 

i 

C3 

i 
•3 
1 

3 

Suffolk, 

178 

173 

250 

209 

60 

. 

870 

194 

259 

278 

210 

71 

1 

1013 

1883 

Essex, 

54 

68 

48 

41 

31 

- 

242 

58 

51 

52 

67 

51 

1 

280 

522 

Middlesex, 

56 

86 

55 

42 

24 

. 

263 

59 

71 

53 

43 

28 

. 

254 

517 

Worcester, 

37 

52 

31 

19 

25 

. 

164 

47 

67 

35 

33 

22 

- 

204 

368 

Hampshire, 

32 

37 

13 

13 

15 

3 

113 

27 

34 

23 

15 

10 

1 

110 

223 

Hampden, 

50 

42 

27 

33 

21 

1 

174 

44 

43 

33 

31 

22 

- 

173 

347 

franklin, 

29 

14 

14 

20 

8 

. 

85 

26 

22 

9 

13 

9 

34 

106 

191 

Berkshire, 

156 

118 

82 

86 

42 

. 

484 

142 

136 

105 

73 

50 

1 

507 

991 

Norfolk,, 

13 

17 

11 

13 

15 

. 

69 

15 

22 

20 

21 

22 

- 

100 

169 

Bristol, 

118 

141 

105 

77 

24 

- 

465 

106 

115 

103 

85 

53 

1 

463 

928 

Plymouth, 

38 

61 

32 

32 

29|  2 

194 

41 

57 

44 

35 

40 

. 

217 

411 

Barnstable, 

9 

37 

16 

5 

7 

4 

78 

15 

42 

12 

11 

9 

1 

90 

168 

Dukes, 

2 

2 

8 

10 

5 

. 

27! 

4 

6 

5 

2 

4 

- 

21 

48 

Nantucket, 

22 

41 

33 

26 

10 

- 

132 

.31 

40 

44 

22 

10 

- 

147 

279 

Total  in  1830, 

794 

889 

725 

626 

316 

10 

3360 

809 

965 

816 

661 

394 

40  3685 

7045 

Increase  in  10 

1 

years, 

114 

230 

719 

245 

—10 

-4 

1294 

91 

92 

52 

110 

23 

38  330 

1 

1624 

Total  in  1840, 

908 

1119 

1444 

871 

306 

6 

4654j 

900 

1057 

868 

771 

417 

2;4015 

8669 

TABLE  XXIII. — Exhibiting  the  Censjfs  of  the  Free  Colored  Persons  in  Massachusetts,  in 

1840.  bij  Counties. 


MALES. 

FEMALES. 

COUNTIES. 

o 

72 

1^ 

is" 

d 

g 

o 

=  S 

c  . 

is 

& 

c5 

5.S 
to  " 

CO 

'ii 

1 

fS 

=3 

1^ 

1^ 

5.S 

1 

1 

Suffolk, 

205 

212 

621 

319 

49 

1 

1407 

211 

254 

279 

216 

71 

. 

1031 

2438 

Essex, 

56 

59 

56 

45 

17 

. 

233 

63 

52 

63 

57 

39 

- 

274 

507  ; 

Middlesex, 

63 

70 

77 

47 

28 

. 

285 

56 

53 

34 

38 

27 

. 

208 

493 

Worcester, 

68 

71 

46 

47 

29 

. 

261 

77 

80 

72 

54 

29 

- 

312 

573 

Hampshire, 

30 

39 

10 

17 

9 

1 

106 

24 

32 

10 

23 

6 

- 

95'  201  1 

Hampden, 

35 

48 

35 

22 

12 

. 

152 

41 

48 

31 

29 

11 

. 

160i  312  : 

Franklin, 

8 

21 

12 

5 

5 

1 

52 

4 

13 

6 

7 

() 

- 

36!  88 

]5erkshire. 

178 

199 

108 

102 

65 

0 

654 

168 

170 

112 

101 

72 

1 

624  1278 

Norfolk, 

11 

19 

12 

10 

11 

. 

63 

17 

33 

12 

21 

13 

1 

97|  160 

Bristol, 

122 

121 

246 

104 

33 

. 

626' 

121 

159 

157 

110 

58 

- 

605  1231  1 

Plymouth, 

44 

40 

29 

31 

16 

1 

161| 

45 

41 

38 

40 

28 

- 

192 

353  ! 

Bnrnstable, 

52 

63 

43 

40 

20 

. 

2l8i 

51 

59 

28 

43 

38 

. 

219 

437 

Dukes, 

. 

12 

. 

. 

1 

. 

13 

. 

3 

2 

1 

1 

- 

/ 

20 

Nantucket, 

36 

145 

149 

82 

11 

- 

423  j 

22 

60 

24 

31 

18 

- 

155 

578 

Total  in  1840, 

908 

1119 

1444 

871 

306 

6 

4651 

900 

1057 

868 

771 

417 

o 

4ul5 

8669 

INCREASE    OF    COLORED    PERSONS    IN    THE    COUNTIES.  13 J 

From  the  last  two  tables  it  appears  that  the  increase  of 
the  colored  persons  under  ten  years  was,  of  females,  91, 
and  of  males,  114,  or  as  lOU  to  125-27 ;  of  ten  years  and  un- 
der twenty-four,  of  females,  92,  and  of  males,  230,  or  as 
100  to  250;  of  twenty-four  years  and  imder  thirty-six,  of 
females,  52,  and  of  males,  719,  or  as  100  to  138269;  of 
thirty-six  years  and  imder  fifty-five,  of  females,  110,  and 
of  males,  245,  or  as  100  to  22272 ;  of  fifty-five  years  and 
under  one  hundred,  there  was  an  increase  of  23  females, 
and  a  decrease  of  10  males ;  and  of  one  hundred  years 
and  upwards,  there  was  a  decrease  of  both  sexes.  We 
leave  out  of  the  account  the  last  two  columns  of  ages,  as 
unimportant  in  this  comparison. 

It  is  evident  that  the  preponderance  of  the  increase  of  the 
males  over  that  of  the  females,  daring  the  ten  years  from 
1S30  to  1840,  has  been  of  those  in  tniddle  and  active  life, 
especially  of  the  age  of  twenty-four  years  and  under  thir- 
ty-six years — a  result  which  is  not  surprising,  when  we 
consider  the  discussions  which  have  taken  place  during 
this  period  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  respecting  the 
municipal  regulations  of  some  of  the  states.  Those  of  the 
tnale  sex,  and  in  active  and  middle  life,  would  be  most 
likely,  under  the  circumstances,  to  have  emigrated  from 
other  states  into  Massachusetts. 

Undoubtedly  there  is  an  error  in  the  census  of  Erving's 
Grant  in  1830,  a  town  incorporated  in  1838,  and  situated  in 
Franklin  county.  It  is  very  singular  that  there  should  have 
been  exactly  17  colored  males  and  17  colored  females  un- 
der one  hundred  years,  and  34  colored  females  and  no  col- 
ored males,  of  one  hundred  years  and  upwards,  in  Er- 
ving's  Grant,  in  1830,  but  no  colored  person  in  that  town 
in  1840.  The  population  of  Erving  stood  thus  at  the  two 
dates : — 


1^0 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


Census,  183U. 
Whites  males,       -            .            .            . 
"      females, 

Total  whites, 

- 

-  215 
205 

250 

Census, 
136 
153 

1840. 
309 

Colored  males  under  one  hundred  years, 
"      females        "            "            "     - 

- 

17 
-     17 

0 
0 

Total  colored  persons   " 

- 

34 

0 

Colored  males  of  one  hundred  years  and 
"       females         "               "                 ' 

upw 

ards,    0 
-     34 

0 
0 

Total  colored  of  all  ages, 

- 

- 

68 

0 

Total  Population, 

- 

488 

309 

The  increase  of  the  blacks  from  1830  to  1S40,  was  1,624, 
or  23-05  pet^  cent,  according  to  the  census ;  if  we  correct 
the  census  by  rejecting  68  put  down  as  belonging  to  Erv- 
ing's  Grant,  in  1830,  the  number  in  that  year  would  be 
(7,045-68=-)  6,977,  and  the  increase  in  ten  years,  1,692,  or 
24-23  per  ce?it.,  which  is  3-65  per  cent,  more  than  that  of 
the  whites  during  the  same  period.  But  Marshpee  was 
wholly  omitted  in  the  census  of  1830;  and  contained  294 
colored  persons  in  1840,  and.  is  more  than  an  offset  to  the 
presumed  error  for  Erving  in  1830.  Adding  294,  which 
may  be  supposed  to  have  been  the  number  of  colored  per- 
sons in  Marshpee  in  1830,  to  6,977,  and  we  have  7,271  as 
the  estimated  number  of  blacks  in  1830,  instead  of  7,045 ; 
and  consequently  the  increase  from  1830  to  1840,  will  be 
(8,669—7,271=)  1,398,  or  19-21  jjer  cent.,  which  is  164 
per  cent,  less  than  that  of  the  whites.  This  increase  should, 
perhaps,  be  reduced  some  452  on  account  of  over-number- 
ing, particularly  of  sea-faring  persons,  in  Ward  2  in  the 
city  of  Boston.  By  deducting  452  from  1,398,  we  have 
946,  or  13-01  per  cent..,  as  the  estimated  increase  of  blacks 
in  Massachusetts  from  1830  to  1840,  which  is  1-^1  'per  cent. 
less  than  that  of  the  whites.  We  cannot  depend  upon 
those  general  censuses  for  minute  details  in  small  locali- 


INCREASE  OF  COLORED  PERSONS  IN  THE  STATE.      133 

ties ;  they  rather  serve  for  general  comparisons  for  large 
districts.  We  conclude  that  the  increase  of  the  blacks, 
from  1830  to  1840,  was  considerabhj  larger  titan  their  aver- 
age din'in  g  the  preceding  decennial  periods ;  andyet^  though 
aided  by  emigration  from  other  states,  was  not  more  than 
two  thirds  that  of  the  whites. 

According  to  the  state  census  of  May  1,  1840,  the  whole 
population  of  Boston,  except  "state  paupers  and  convicts 
in  the  state  prison,"  was  83,979,  May  1, 1840  ;  but  accord- 
ing to  the  United  States  census,  June  1,  1840,  one  month 
later,  it  was  93,383,  or  9,404  more.  According  to  the 
United  States  census,  the  number  in  Ward  2  was  15,282, 
or  8,465  more  than  the  number  in  the  state  census.  7,683 
are  put  down  in  this  ward  as  '-employed  in  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  ocean,"  which  is  undoubtedly  too  large  a  num- 
ber. From  the  loose  manner  in  which  the  United  States 
census  was  taken  in  this  city — such  as  sailor  boarding- 
houses  containing  over  a  thousand  persons  in  a  single  fam- 
ily— this  census  represents  the  population  of  Boston  to  have 
been  at  least  some  8,000  more  than  it  actually  was  in 
1840.  A  portion  of  this  over-enumeration  were  undoubt- 
edly colored  persons  in  the  United  States  census  of  1840. 

In  the  views,  however,  which  we  propose  to  give  relat- 
ing to  the  colored  population  of  Massachusetts,  we  shall 
follow  the  numbers  as  they  stand  in  the  censuses,  and  the 
inferences  which  we  draw  respecting  their  condition  and 
prospects,  will  require  but  little  modification  from  the  slight 
errors  which  may  exist  in  the  censuses  themselves. 

The  two  following  tables  exhibit  the  colored  population 
of  the  several  wards  of  Boston,  according  to  the  United 
States  censuses  of  1830  and  1840  : 


18 


134 


POPULATION  OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Exhibiting  the  Census  of  the  Colored  Population  of  Boston  in  1830. 


MALES. 

FEJLALES. 

WARDS. 

c 

o 

Co 

30 
C  I- 

0 

c. 
5 

1  1 
g 

1 
60 

P 

10 

. 

0 

9 

S5 

i| 

10 

§8 
3 

Q. 

■a 

c 

s 

i 

"a 

47 

c 

Ward  1 

9 

5 

29 

14 

3 

15 

r  " 

a          o 

16 

6 

62 

18 

2 

. 

104 

19 

19 

30 

17 

4 

89 

1 

"   3 

o 

5 

10 

4 

1 

- 

22 

2 

2 

12 

3 

1 

L'li    1'.-' 

a         4 

. 

9 

3 

6 

1 

. 

19 

3 

11 

8 

5 

. 

'J  7   i " 

"   5 

12 

17 

18 

22 

1 

. 

70 

21 

31 

37 

22 

4 

li-  >5 

6 

65 

55 

55 

77 

17 

. 

269 

69 

83 

80 

77 

27 

3: ''  i'ij5 

"   1\ 

49 

49 

48 

45 

15 

. 

206 

47 

65 

58 

52 

22 

241  1-'' 

"   s' 

2 

5 

7i   5 

. 

- 

19 

1 

6 

7 

5 

. 

19 

"   9 

. 

o 

i:  - 

1|- 

4 

9 

2 

1 

1 

1 

7 

"   10 

3 

8 

5{   5 

5  - 

26 

8 

13 

11 

4 

2 

:■>  ■  ; 

"   11 

3 

1 

4   - 

. 

. 

8 

2 

7 

8 

3 

. 

:.'  ' 

"   12 

17 

11 

8   11 

11 

- 

58 

10 

10 

11 

11 

5 

4^  U'lI 

Total, 

178 

173 

250 

207 

57 

. 

865 

194 

258 

278 

210 

69 

1010 1S75 

Inc.  in  10  yrs. 

27 

39 

364 

111 

—8 

1 

534 

17 

—4 

1 

5 

- 

-1 

18  5:V-' 

Total  in  1840, 

205 

212 

6I4I  318 

49 

1 

1399 

211 

254 

279 

215 

69 

- 

10282127 

TABLE  XXY.— Exhibiting  the  Census  of  the  Colored  Population  of  Boston  in  1840. 


MALES. 

FEIMALES. 

WARDS. 

0  . 

Z  p 

1^ 
2^ 

=  St 
5§^ 

is 

e 
ca 

8 

£ 

E 
"a 

0 
12 

5^ 
22 

16 

c  . 

15 

is 

c  Ir, 

1 

d. 

•3 
c 
a 

s 

i 

"3 
66 

■3 
f2 

Ward  a  1 

10 

22 

25 

16 

9 

. 

82 

148 

((  ■  9 

14 

26 

403 

133 

6 

. 

582 

23 

40 

24 

19 

5 

. 

111 

693 

"   3 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

- 

- 

1 

4 

9 

1 

. 

. 

8 

8 

"   4 

7 

15 

39 

16 

4 

- 

81 

8 

19 

14 

14 

2 

. 

57 

138 

"   5 

25 

24 

20 

16 

5 

1 

91 

25 

25 

30 

22 

9 

. 

111 

202 

"   6 

137 

95 

116 

127 

14 

489 

139 

120 

164 

130 

46 

. 

599 

1088 

7 

. 

4 

6 

- 

10 

- 

5 

10 

1 

. 

16 

26 

"   8 

. 

2 

. 

- 

. 

- 

2 

. 

2 

1 

- 

1 

. 

4 

6 

"   9 

. 

9 

. 

. 

1 

_ 

3 

1 

3 

4 

5 

1 

- 

14 

17 

"  10 

. 

1 

1 

1 

- 

. 

3 

- 

. 

- 

. 

- 

. 

. 

3 

■'     11 

3 

7 

1 

4 

9 

. 

17 

. 

8 

2 

3 

2 

, 

15 

32 

"  12 

9 

14 
212 

614 

5 
318 

8 
49 

1 

39 
1399 

9 
211 

6 
254 

12 
279 

5 
215 

2 
69 

— 

27 

66 

Total, 

205 

1028 

2427 

INCREASE    OF    COLORED    PERSONS    IN    BOSTON.  135 

By  comparing  the  census  of  the  colored  population  of 
Boston  in  1830,  with  that  in  1840,  we  see  that  their  in- 
crease in  Ward  2,  in  these  years,  was  500,  of  whom  478 
were  males  and  only  22  females.  We  have  no  reason  for 
supposing  that  there  was  any  material  increase  in  this  ward 
during  the  time.  The  reason  of  the  great  increase,  accord- 
ing to  the  census,  was  probably  this  :  that  those  who  were 
employed  in  taking  the  United  States  census  of  1840,  in- 
cluded all  the  colored  persons  who  were  reported  to  them 
as  having  been  for  several  years  previously  residents  in 
families,  especially  in  sailor  boarding-houses,  instead  of  in- 
cluding those  only  who  actually  had  their  residence  in  that 
ward,  June  1,  1840,  as  appears  to  have  been  the  case  in 
enumerating  the  white  population. 

From  1830  to  1840,  the  increase  of  the  males,  in  Ward 
2,  was  478,  while  that  of  the  females  was  only  22,  accord- 
ing to  the  United  States  census;  of  this  increase  of  the 
males,  456  were  of  24  and  under  55  years  of  age,  and 
amount  to  within  96  of  552,  the  increase  in  all  the  wards. 
In  Ward  2  there  were  502  colored  persons  "  employed  in 
the  navigation  of  the  ocean."  There  was  also  a  large  in- 
crease in  Ward  6,  in  which  a  large  portion  of  the  colored 
population  have  resided  for  many  years.  In  explanation 
of  the  great  increase  in  Ward  6,  and  the  great  decrease  in 
Ward  7,  during  the  ten  years,  it  may  be  remarked  that  by 
a  new  division  of  the  w.ards  of  the  city  in  1838,  a  portion 
of  Ward  7,  the  most  densely  populated  with  blacks  of  any, 
was  annexed  to  Ward  6  ;  and  it  will  be  perceived  that  the 
aggregate  of  the  two  wards,  6  and  7,  is  nearly  the  same  in 
the  two  censuses.  Also,  previous  to  1838,  Ward  12  consti- 
tuted most  of  the  present  Wards  11  and  12.  In  the  re- 
maining 7  wards,  the  numbers  of  the  colored  people  were 
nearly  the  same  at  both  epochs.  After  making  allowances 
for  the  probable  over-enumeration  of  the  inhabitants  in 
Ward  2,  it  is  fair  to  suppose  that  the  increase  of  the  col- 


136  POPULATION   OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

ored  population  of  Boston  was  very  small  during  these  ten 
yearsj  and  had  they  not  been  sustained  by  immigration, 
there  would  in  all  probability  have  been  a  decrease. 

If  we  reduce  the  number  of  the  colored  population  in 
the  United  States  census  of  1840,  four  or  five  hundred,  on 
account  of  over-enumeration  in  Boston,  their  proportional 
increase  in  the  whole  state  will  be  only  about  two  thirds 
that  of  the  whites  ;  and  thus  reduced,  it  has  been  sustained 
very  evidently  by  means  of  emigration  from  abroad :  and 
without  such  emigration,  the  increase  would  have  been 
very  small  from  1830  to  1840.  And  we  may  presume, 
that  without  emigration  from  abroad,  the  colored  popula- 
tion, by  occasionally  leaving  the  state,  will  at  length  de- 
crease, and  finally  become  extinct  as  a  race. 

According  to  the  United  States  census  of  1840,  the  pro- 
portion of  the  blacks  to  the  whites  in  Massachusetts,  was 
as  1  to  8409.  It  may  be  interesting  to  see  the  proportion 
in  the  state  of  New  York  at  the  same  time.  In  the  north- 
ern district,  the  number  of  the  colored  males  was  6,435, 
females  6,428, — total  colored,  12,863 ;  and  that  of  the 
whites,  of  both  sexes,  1,670,205,  or  in  the  proportion  of  1 
colored  person  to  129-84  whites. 

In  the  southern  district,  the  number  of  colored  males 
was  17,374,  females  19,790, — total  free  colored,  37,164; 
and  that  of  the  whites,  of  both  sexes,  708,685,  or  in  the 
proportion  of  1  free  colored  to  19  whites. 

The  total  colored  were  50,027;  to  which  add  4  female 
slaves,  and  we  have  50,031  for  the  whole  number  of  colored 
persons,  while  the  whites  amounted  to  2,378,890.  The  pro- 
portion of  the  colored  to  the  whites  in  that  state  was  as  1  to 
47-55,  or  nearly  twice  as  great  as  it  was  in  Massachusetts 
at  that  date,  and  nearly  45-96,  the  proportion  in  Massachu- 
setts seventy-five  years  before. 

The  number  of  colored  males  in  New  York  was  23,809, 
and  of  females,  including  4  slaves,  was  26,222,  showhig  an 


INCREASE    OF    COLORED    PERSONS    IN    DIFFERENT    COUNTIES.    137 

excess  of  females  of  2,413.  This  gives  the  proportion  of 
females  to  males  of  100  to  90*80,  a  result  very  difl'erent 
from  what  it  was  in  Massachusetts  in  1840,  and  indicating 
the  absence  of  the  kind  of  emigration  to  New  York  which 
obviously  took  place  in  Massachusetts. 

From  the  peculiarities  of  the  blacks,  and  their  position 
among  the  whites  in  Massachusetts — their  color  giving 
rise  to  prejudices  against  them,  fixed  and  immoveable — 
their  servile  and  degraded  condition  among  the  whites, 
their  small  numbers,  their  poverty  and  dependence,  their 
want  of  sympathy  not  merely  with  the  whites,  but  on  ac- 
count of  their  scattered  position — there  being  228  out  of 
309  towns,  in  1840,  containing  some  of  them — their  want 
of  sympathy  and  of  easy  intercourse  with  each  oiher,  by 
which  they  are  deprived  of  social  enjoyments,  and  are  far 
distant  from  the  means  of  mental  improvement,  which 
give  a  zest  and  a  value  to  life,  and  add  years  to  its  dura- 
tion ;  from  these  circumstances  we  expect  their  localities  to 
be  more  changeful,  and  their  increase  less  regular  from 
year  to  year  than  that  of  the  predominant  class.  We  find 
that  in  8  counties,  namely,  Essex.,  Middlesex^  Hatnpshire, 
Hampden^  Franklin.^  Norfolk^  Plymouth  and  Dukes ^  there 
was  a  decrease  of  the  blacks  of  294,  or  12-10  jter  cent., 
from  1830  to  1840.  In  Franklin  and  Dukes  counties  the 
number  was  diminished  one  half 

In  the  other  6  counties,  namely,  Suffolk,  Worcester, 
Berkshire,  Bristol,  Barnstable  and  Nantucket,  as  will  ap- 
pear from  Tables  XXVI  and  XXVII,  there  was  an  increase 
of  1,918,  or  4:1  04:  per  cent.,  a  number  sufficient  not  merely 
to  ofi'-set  the  decrease  in  the  8  counties,  but  to  make  the 
proportion  of  their  increase  in  the  state  exceed  that  of  the 
whites.  Of  these  1.918,  the  females  were  522  and  the 
males  1,396,  or  in  the  proportion  of  100  to  267*43.  The 
large  proportion  of  the  increase  of  the  males  in  these  6 
counties,  confirm  us  in  the  opinion  of  their  emigration 
from  other  states. 


13S 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XXVI. — Exhibiting  the  Census  of  the  Free  Colored  Population  of  six  Counties 

in  1830. 


BIALES. 

FEMALES. 

COUNTIES. 

o    . 

0)  ffl 
t3 

is 

in 
o 

5 

"5 

1 

o 

=3 

1' 

£  h 

Co 

o 

3 

■a 
§ 

8 

1 

1 

Suffolk, 

178 

173 

250 

209 

60 

, 

870 

194 

259 

278 

210 

71 

1 

1013 

1883 

Worcester, 

37 

52 

31 

19 

25 

164 

47 

67 

35 

33 

22 

- 

204 

368 

Berkshire, 

156 

118 

82 

86 

42 

. 

484 

142 

136 

105 

73 

50 

1 

507 

991 

Bristol, 

118 

141 

105 

77 

24 

. 

465 

106 

115 

103 

85 

53 

1 

463 

928 

Barnstable, 

9 

37 

16 

5 

7 

4 

78 

15 

42 

12 

11 

9 

1 

90 

168 

Nantucket, 

22 

41 

33 

26 

10 

- 

132 

31 

40 

44 

22 

10 

- 

147 

279 

Total  in  1830, 

520 

562 

517 

422 

168 

42193 

535 

659 

577 

434 

215 

4 

2424 

4617 

Increase  in  10 

1 

years. 

141 

249 

696 

272 

39 

-11396 

115 

123 

95 

121 

71 

-3 

522 

191B 

Total  in  1840, 

661 

811 

1213 

694 

207 

3  3589 

650 

782 

672 

555 

286 

1 

2946 

6535 

TABLE  XXVII. — Exhibiting  the  Census  of  the  Free   Colored  Population  of  six  Counties 

in  1840. 


MALES. 

FEMALES. 

COUNTIES. 

o 

1-1  ^ 

c    . 
1^ 

c    . 

■a" 
c  ^ 

1"° 

§8 

■a" 
0 

d 
■a 

g 

g 

0 
I-  ^ 

211 

254 

c    . 

to 
n 

216 

1"° 

c. 

-3 
C 

s 

i 

"3 
1 

Suffolk, 

205 

212 

621 

319 

49 

1 

1407 

279 

71 

1031 

2438 

Worcester, 

68      71 

46 

47 

29 

. 

261 

77 

80 

72 

54 

29 

- 

312 

573 

Berkshire, 

178    199 

108 

102 

65 

2 

654 

168 

170 

112 

101 

72 

1 

624 

1278 

Bristol, 

122    121 

246 

104 

33 

. 

626 

121 

159 

157 

110 

58 

. 

605 

1231 

Barnstable, 

52     63 

43 

40 

20 

. 

218 

51 

59 

28 

43 

38 

- 

219 

437 

Nantucket, 

36    145 

149 

82 

11 

- 

423 

22 
650 

60 

782 

24 

31 

18 

- 

155 

578 

Total  in  1840, 

66l'  811 

1213'  694 

207 

3  3589 

672 

555 

286 

1 

2946 

6535 

In  the  8  counties  in  which  there  was  a  decrease  of  294  persons, 
according  to  the  censuses,  it  will  be  seen  by  Table  XXVIII,  that  of 
this  decrease  102  were  males  and  192  were  females.* 


*If  we  omit  the  colored  population  for  Erving,  in  Franklin  county,  in  1830,  on  account  of  probable  error 
in  the  census,  the  number  of  males  in  lliese  8  counties,  in  1830,  would  be  1,150,  and  their  decrease  in  ten 
yeans  85  ;  and  that  of  the  females  1,210,  and  of  their  decrease  in  the  ten  years  141 ;  and  the  total  decrease 
226,  instead  of  294,  as  will  appear  from  the  table  on  the  last  half  of  page  139. 


INCREASE   OF   COLORED    PERSONS   IN    DIFFERENT   COUNTIES. 


139 


TABLE  XXVIII. — Exhibiting  a  Comparative  View  of  the  Colored  Population  of  the  eight 
Counties  which  decreased  from  1830  to  1840. 


MALES. 

FEMALES. 

o    . 

o  " 

c5 

Sir- 

is     = 

•3'"       C 

:;^  8 

o          — 

"3 
S 
"3 

o    . 

3^- 

c  •- 

o  ^ 

3l; 
-a'-" 

is 

5.2 
o 

■a 
a 
g 

s 

1 

■3 
1 

14  counties  in 

1830,       . 

794 

889 

725 

626 

316  10 

3360 

809 

965 

816 

661 

394 

40 

3685 

7045 

6  counties  in 

1830, 

520 

562 

517 

422 

168 

4 

2193 

535 

659 

577 

434 

215 

4 

2424 

4617 

8  counties  in 

1830,       . 

274 

327 

208 

204 

148 

6 

1167 

274 

306 

239 

227 

179 

36 

1261 

2428 

14  counties  in 

1840,       . 

90S 

1119 

1444 

871 

306 

6 

4654 

900 

1057 

868 

771 

417 

2 

4015 

8669 

6  counties  in 

1840,       . 

661 

811 

1213 

694 

207 

' 

3589 

650 

782 

672 

555 

286 

1 

2946 

6535 

8  counties  in 

1840,       . 

247 

308 

231 

177 

99'  3 

1065 

250 

275 

196 

216 

131 

1 

1069 

2134 

Decrease  of  8 

counties  in 

10  years, 

27      19 

+23 

27 

49    3 

102 

24 

31 

43 

11 

48 

35 

192 

294 

^ 

^ 

8 

i 

2 

^ 

s§ 

1 

1 

ca 

i^ 

S 

■a 

■3 

-3 

cS 

C3 

c 

a 

'-' 

3 

■a 

3 
•T3 

3 

3 
T3 

■3 

S 

■a 

■a 

■3 

■3 

^ 

S 

t3 

o 

S 

a 
a 
to 

!3 

C3 

8 

•3 
1 

c 
a 
o 

c 

A. 

3 

3 
o 

8 

2 
.5 

•3 

Franklin  county  in  1830,  ac- 

29     14 

14 

20 

8 

. 

85 

26 

22 

9 

13 

2 

34 

1U6 

191 

F.rving, 

7      - 

3 

6 

1 

17 

7 

6 

2 

2 

- 

•M 

61 

68 

Franlilin  county  exclusive  of 

















Erving,         .        .        -         . 

22      14 

11 

14 

68 

19 

16 

V 

11 

2 

- 

bb 

123 

Decrease  in  Franklin  county 

in  ten   years,  exclusive  of 

Erving,        .... 

14,*+7 

+1 

y 

2 

+1 

16 

lb 

3 

1 

4 

-H 

19 

3b 

Franklin  county  in  1540,  ac- 

cording to  census. 

8 

21 

12 

5 

5 

1 

52 

4 

13 

6 

7 

6 

36 

88 

8  counties  in  1830,  according 

- 

to  census,     .        -        .        - 

274 

327 

20S 

2fM 

148 

6 

U67 

274 

306 

239 

227 

179 

36 

1261 

•.il2i! 

Erving, 

7 

3 

6 

1 

17 

7 

6 

2 

^ 

34 

51 

68 

8  counties  exclusive  of  Ervin?, 

267 

327 

205 

193 

147 

6 

1150 

267 

300 

237 

225 

179 

2 

1210 

2360 

Decrease  in  8  counties  exclu- 

! 

sive  of  Ervin?,     - 

20 

19 

+26 

21 

48 

3 

85 

17 

25 

41 

9 

48 

I 

141 

226 

8  counties  in  1840,  according 

to  census,     .        -        -        . 

247 

308 

231 

177 

99 

3 

1065 

250 

275 

196 

216 

131 

1 

1069 

2m 

*  The  figures  marked  thus  +  show  an  increase. 


140 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


Thus  the  number  of  males  in  the  8  counties,  exchisive 
of  Erving,  would  be  1,150,  or  60  less  than  that  of  the  fe- 
males in  1830,  and  only  4  less  in  1840.  At  each  of  the 
dates  the  sexes  were  very  nearly  equal.  The  causes,  apart 
from  the  peculiar  immigration  during  these  ten  years, 
which  aflect  the  increase  or  decrease  of  the  colored  popu- 
lation, seem  to  have  been  remarkably  free  to  operate  in 
these  8  counties.  In  the  county  of  Middlesex,  there  was 
an  increase  of  22  males,  while  the  decrease  of  females  was 
46,  as  will  appear  from  the  following  table,  exhibiting  the 
decrease  in  these  8  counties  : 


COUNTIES. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Essex,   -            -            -            - 

9 

(J 

15 

Middlesex,   - 

+22 

46 

24 

Hampshire, 

7 

15 

22 

Hampden,    - 

22 

13 

35 

Franklin,  exclusive  of  Erving, 

16 

19 

35 

Norfolk, 

6 

3 

9 

Plymouth.    - 

33 

25 

58 

Dukes,  .            -            -            - 

14 

14 

28 

Total, 

85 

141 

226 

It  is  obvious  that  natural  causes  of  increase  had  not  sus- 
tained the  number  of  blacks  in  these  counties,  and  that 
there  was  a  decided  tendency  to  a  decrease  of  their  num- 
ber during  these  ten  years. 

In  two  of  the  6  counties  in  which  there  was  an  increase 
of  the  blacks,  namely,  in  Worcester  and  Barnstable^  the 
females  preponderated  over  the  males  in  1830  and  in  1840, 
but  the  increase  of  each  sex  was  237,  and  the  whole  in- 
crease 474,  or  88-43  7>er  cent.^  as  appears  from  Table  XXX. 
In  the  4  remaining  counties,  the  whole  increase  of  the 
blacks  was  1,444,  or  35*30  per  cent.,  of  whom  285  only 
were  females  and  1,159  were  males,  or  in  the  proportion  of 


INCREASE    OF   COLORED   PERSONS    IN   DIFFERENT    COUNTIES. 


141 


100  to  406-66,  which  is  over  4  males  to  1  female,  and  dilFers  very- 
little  from  the  proportion  of  increase  in  the  whole  state,  where  the 
females  were  330  and  the  males  1,294,  or  as  100  to  392-12. 

TABLE  XXIX. — Exhibiting  a  Comparative   View  of  the   Colored  Population  of  the  six 
Counties  (see  Tables  XXVI  and  XXVII,)  which  increased  from  1830  to  1840. 


MALES. 

FEMALES. 

a   . 

4, 

i, 

g 

1  ^            A 

i 

Co 

s- 

^ 

3-* 

=  CD 

so 

t-  *-■ 

-^'■■^ 

^'-' 

^ 

^2-3^ 

"w  "^ 

i 

%-■ 

1^ 

C3 

c  " 

^1. 

1^ 

s 

d 
^ 

B  " 

CN 

5^ 

is 

— 

Total 
Total 

Census  of  6 

counties  in 

1830, 

520 

562 

517 

422 

168 

4  21931 

535 

659  577 

434 

215 

4 

24244617 

Census   of 

Worcester 

and  Barn- 

stable  in 

1830, 

46 

89 

47 

24 

32 

4  242 

62 

109 

47 

44 

31 

1 

294  536 

Census  of  4 

counties  in 

1830, 

474 

473 

470 

398 

136 

-  19511 

473 

550 

530 

390 

184 

3 

2130 

4081 

Increase  of 

Worcester 

and  Barn- 

stable  in 

10  years, 

74 

45 

42 

63 

17 

-4 

237 

66 

30 

53 

53   36 

-1 

237 

474 

Census   of 

Worcester 

and  Barn- 

stable  in 

1840, 

120 

134 

89 

87 

49 

- 

479 

128 

139 

100 

97^  67 

" 

531 

1010 

Census  of  6 

1 

counties  m 

1840, 

661 

811 

1213 

694 

207 

3  3589 

650 

782 

672 

555 

286 

1 

2946  6535 

Census   of 

Worces.  & 

Barnstable 

in  1840, 

120 

134 

89 

87 

49 

, 

479 

128 

139 

100  97 

67  -  1  53i;i01D 

counties  in 

1 

1    1 

1840, 

541 

677 

1124 

607 

158 

3 

3110 

522 

643  572!  458 

219 

1  2415  5525 

Census  of  4 

1 
1 

I 

counties  in 

1 

1830, 

474 

4731  470'  398 

136 

. 

1951 

473 

550  530  390 

184 

3  2130  4081 

Increase  of  4 
counties  in 

i 

1 

1 

!   1 

10  years. 

67 

204 

654 

209 

22 

3 

1159 

49 

93 

42  68 

35 

-2  2851444 

19 


142  POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

We  perceive  by  inspecting  Table  XXX,  that  in  two  of 
these  counties,  namely,  Berkshire  and  Bristol,  the  propor- 
tion of  the  sexes  was  not  materially  different  at  the  two 
dates,  and  that  the  increase  of  the  males  was  331,  or  34-S7/?er 
cejit.,  and  that  of  the  females  259,  or  26-70  per  cent. ;  that 
of  the  whole  being  590,  or  28-70  per  cent.  These  numbers 
of  increase  give  the  proportion  of  100  females  to  127-79 
males,  which  differs  from  the  usual  law  of  a  near  equality 
of  the  sexes  from  natural  causes  alone,  and  must  arise 
from  immigration.  But  when  we  examine  the  increase  in 
Suffolk  and  Nantucket  counties,  the  difference  of  increase 
in  the  proportion  of  the  sexes  becomes  much  more  mani- 
fest, and  indicates  much  more  strongly  the  influence  of  for- 
eign causes.  Here  we  find  the  increase  of  the  males  828, 
or  82-63  per  cent.,  of  females  only  26,  or  2-24  per  cent., 
and  of  both  sexes  854,  or  39-50  per  cent.  These  numbers 
give  the  proportion  of  100  females  to  3,184-61  males. 


INCREASE   OF   COLORED   PERSONS   IN   DIFFERENT   COUNTIES. 


143 


TABLE  XXX. — Exhibiting  a  Comparative  View  of  the  Colored  Population  of  the  four 
Counties  of  Suffolk,  Berkshire,  Bristol  and  Na7itucket,  (see  Table  XX.lX,)from  1830  to  1810. 


MALES. 

FEMALES. 

o    . 

S^ 

1^' 

a   . 

is 

3 

"a 

B 

o 
71  E 

i^ 

1^ 

§8 

d 

g 

1" 

CO 

in 

g 

^ 

C3 

o 

g 

g 

2 

Census  of  4 

counties  in 

1830, 

474 

473 

470 

398 

136 

. 

1951 

473 

550 

530 

390 

184 

3 

2130 

4081 

Inc.  of  4  co's 

in  10  yrs., 

67 

204 

654 

209 

22 

3 

1159 

49 

93 

42 

68 

35 

-2 

285 

1444 

Census  of  4 
counties  in 

1840, 

541   677 

1124 

607    158 

3 

3110 

522 

643 

572    458 

219 

1 

2415 

5525 

Census        of 

Berkshire 

and  Bristol 

in  1830, 

274 

259 

187 

163 

66 

. 

949 

248 

251 

208 

158 

103 

2 

970 

1919 

Increase     of 

Berkshire 

and  Bristol 

in  10  yrs., 

26 

61 

167 

43 

32 

0 

331 

41 

78 

61 

53 

27 

-1 

259 

590 

Berkshire 

and  Bristol 

in  1840, 

300 

320 

354 

206 

98 

2 

1280 

289 

329 

269 

211 

130 

1 

1229 

2509 

Census       of 

Suffolk    & 

Nantucket 

in  1830, 

200 

214 

283 

235 

70 

. 

1002 

225 

299 

322 

232 

81 

1 

1160 

2162 

Increase     of 

Suffolk    & 

Nantucket 

in  10  yrs., 

41 

143 

487    166 

-10 

1 

828 

8 

15 

—19 

15 

8 

-1 

26 

854 

Census       of 



— 

— 

Suffolk   & 

Nantucket 

in  1840, 

241 

357 

770   401 

60 

1 

1830 

233 

314 

303 

247 

89 

- 

1186 

3016 

144 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


From  the  next  table  (XXXI,)  it  appears  that  the  increase  in  the 
two  counties  of  Suffolk  and  Nantucket  was  greater,  especially  of 
the  males,  than  in  any  of  the  other  counties  during  the  last  decen- 
nial period. 


TABLE  XXXI. — Exhibiting  a  Comparative  View  of  the  Colored  Population  of  the  Coun- 
ties of  Suffolk  and  Nantucket,  with  those  of  the  other  twelve  Counties,  from  1830  to  1840. 


MALES. 

FEMALES. 

c 

e  . 

CO 

55  and  un- 
der 100. 

100  and  up 

"3 

E 

1 

o  . 

si 

2" 

is 

-a  " 

■a 

i 

8 

1 

Increase  of 

14  go's  in 

10  years, 

1J4 

230  719i  2451—10-4 

1294 

91 

92 

52 

110 

23 

38 

330 

1624 

Increase  of 

12   coun- 

ties, 

73'  87 

232 

79 

. 

-5 

466 

83 

77 

71 

95 

15 

o7 

304 

770 

Increase  of 
Suffolk  & 

Nantucket, 

41 

143 

487 

166 

—10 

1  828 

8 

15 

—19 

15 

8 

-1 

26 

854 

Census  of  14 

counties  in 

1830, 

794 

889 

725 

626 

31610 

3360 

809 

965 

816 

661 

394  40 

3685  7045 

Census   of 

Suffolk  & 

Nantucket 

in  1830, 

200 

214 

283 

235 

70 

- 

1002 

225 

299 

3221  232 

81[  1 

11602162 

Census  of  12 

— 

•  1 

counties  in 

1 

1830, 

594 

675 

442 

391 

24610 

2358 

584 

566 

494 

429 

313  39  2525  4883 

1  1    : 

Census  of  14 
counties  in 
1840, 

Census  of 
Suffolk  & 
Nantucket 
in  ISIO, 

Census  of  12 
counties  in 
1840, 

908 

241 
667 

1119 

357 
762 

1444 

770 
674 

871 

101 
470 

306 

60 
246 

6 

1 
5 

4654 

1830 
2824 

900 
233 

1057 

311 
743 

868 

303 
565 

771 

217 
524 

417 

89 
328 

2 
2 

4015 

1186 

8669 
30 IG 

667 

2829 

5653 

PROPORTIONS    OF   COLORED    PERSONS,  146 

The  proportions  of  the  number  of  the  free  colored  per- 
sons under  the  several  ages,  in  the  United  States,  was  very 
nearly  the  same  in  1830  and  in  1840,  and  may  be  regarded 
as  the  standard  proportions  with  which  to  compare  those 
in  any  one  of  the  slates.  They  differ  considerably  from 
those  in  Massachusetts  and  in  parts  of  Massachusetts  at 
the  two  dates,  as  will  be  seen  by  inspecting  Table  XXXII. 

The  proportions  of  both  sexes  under  10  years  of  age,  in 
1830  and  in  1840,  was  greater  in  the  United  States  than  in 
Massachusetts  or  in  any  instance  in  parts  of  Massachusetts. 

The  change  in  the  proportions  of  the  colored  population 
of  Massachusetts  was  very  perceptible  during  these  ten 
years  ;  that  of  the  males  being  6  per  cent,  more,  and  that 
of  the  females  6  per  cent,  less,  in  1840  than  in  1830 ;  and 
this  is  even  less  than  what  belonged  to  the  males  alone  of 
24  years  and  under  36.  The  proportion  of  the  increase  of 
the  males  was  nearly  four  times  that  of  the  whites  during 
these  ten  years,  or  as  79-68  to  20-32  per  cent.,  showing  the 
great  disproportion  in  the  increase  of  the  sexes. 

As  we  examine  the  parts  of  the  Commonwealth,  we  no- 
tice some  changes  in  the  proportions  of  the  people  of  color 
from  1830  to  1840.  In  the  8  counties  in  which  there  was 
a  decrease  of  the  people  of  color,  the  proportions  generally 
were  not  much  altered  during  the  period,  that  of  the  fe- 
males being  1-85  per  cent,  more  in  1830  than  in  1840.  But 
the  proportion  of  the  decrease  of  the  females  in  these  coun- 
ties was  over  30  per  cent,  more  than  that  of  the  males. 

The  increase  of  the  colored  population  in  the  6  counties 
of  Suffolk,  Worcester,  Berkshire,  Bristol,  Barnstable  and 
Nantucket,  was  1,918,  or  41-54  per  cent.,  during  the  ten 
years.  The  proportion  of  the  males  was  7*42  j^er  cent. 
greater  in  1840  than  in  1830.  The  proportion  of  the  in- 
crease of  the  males  was  72*78  per  cent.,  and  that  of  the  fe- 
males only  27-22  per  cent. 

In  the  counties  of  Worcester  and  Barnstable,  the  increase 


146  POPULATION   OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

of  the  males  and  of  the  females  was  equal,  namely,  237 
during  this  period  ;  but  the  proportions  were  changed,  both 
of  the  sexes  and  of  the  ages.  The  proportions  of  the  in- 
crease of  the  sexes  differed  from  each  other,  and  from  the 
proportions  of  the  census  at  each  epoch. 

In  the  4  remaining  counties  of  Suffolk,  Berkshire,  Bris- 
tol and  Nantucket,  the  whole  increase  was  1,444,  and  the 
proportions  very  much  altered.  The  increase  was,  of 
males,  8026 /?e;'  cent.,  and  of  females  19-74  per  cent. 

In  Berkshire  and  Bristol,  the  whole  increase  was  590,  of 
which  that  of  the  males  was  56-10  per  cent.,  and  that  of  the 
females  43-90  per  cent,  of  the  whole.  The  increase  was  es- 
pecially of  the  males  of  the  age  of  36  and  under  55  years. 

Finally,  the  most  extraordinary  change  in  the  propor- 
tions was  in  Suffolk  and  Nantucket.  The  whole  increase 
was  854,  or  39-50  per  cent.,  of  whom  828  were  males  and 
26  females,  amounting  to  96-96,  and  3-04  per  cent,  respec- 
tively, the  former  being  nearly  32  times  that  of  the  latter. 

In  Boston,  the  increase  of  the  males  in  the  ten  years  was 
534.  and  that  of  the  females  18 ;  and  in  Nantucket,  that  of 
the  males  291  and  that  of  the  females  only  8.  In  Boston 
the  increase  of  the  males  was  twenty-nine  times,  and  in 
Nantucket  thirty-six  times,  that  of  the  females. 

Thus,  we  find  there  was  a  decrease  of  the  colored  popu- 
lation of  Massachusetts  from  1830  to  1840,  in  8  counties, 
and  an  increase  in  the  6  counties  of  Suffolk,  Worcester, 
Berkshire,  Bristol,  Barnstable  and  Nantncket.  The  in- 
crease of  the  males  in  these  comities  and  in  the  state, 
greatly  preponderated  over  that  of  the  females.  In  Wor- 
cester and  Barnstable*  the  increase  of  the  two  sexes  was 


*The  great  increase  of  the  colored  population  of  Barnstable  county,  in  the  ten  years,  is  ow- 
ing to  the  omission  of  Mars/ipre,  in  the  census  of  1830 ;  but  in  1840  it  contained  M6  males  and 
MS  females^tolal  294.  Omitting  Marshpce,  there  was  a  loss  of  25,  or  1468  per  ceiil.,  so  that, 
really,  there  was  an  incrtasi:  in  only  5  counties,  and  a  ihcnasc  in  9  counties.  The  increase  of 
the  colored  population  from  1830  to  1840,  according  to  the  cen^-uses,  was  as  follows : 


PROPORTIONS   OF   COLORED   PERSONS.  147 

equal.  In  the  4  remaining  counties,  and  especially  in  ^vf- 
folk  and  Nantucket,  the  increase  of  the  males  vastly  pre- 
ponderated over  that  of  the  females.  The  proportions  of 
those  under  the  several  ages  were  also  very  much  changed 
during  these  ten  years.  These  facts  show  clearly  that 
other  causes  besides  the  natural  increase,  have  had  an 
effect  in  producing  these  changes.  After  making  reason- 
able allowances  for  the  presumed  over-enumeration  in  the 
returns  of  Ward  2,  in  the  city  of  Boston,  we  are  confirmed 
by  these  results  in  the  opinion,  that  immigration  has  been 
the  principal  cause  of  the  increase  of  the  people  of  color, 
and  of  the  changes  of  the  proportions  during  these  ten 
years.  The  increase  has  been  mostly  of  'males  from  24  to 
55  years  of  age,  a  period  within  which  the  men  would 
be  most  likely  to  have  emigrated  from  other  states.  Nearly 
half  of  their  increase  was  of  those  of  24  to  36  years  of  age. 
Only  a  very  small  number  of  females  would  be  expected  to 
have  emigrated  at  any  age  or  under  any  circumstances. 

The  decrease  of  the  blacks  in  the  8  counties,  while  the 
proportions  by  ages  continued  nearly  the  same,  shows  that 
the  blacks  are  not  likely  to  increase  much  in  Massachu- 
setts, situated  as  they  are  in  the  midst  of,  and  dependent 
upon,  a  predominant  class  of  a  different  color,  whose  sym- 
pathies are  vastly  less  fully  in  unison  with  the  colored  than 
with  the  white  race. 


In  the  state,  containing  7,045  colored  in  1S30,  the  increase  was  1,624  or  2305;)er  cent. 

In  8  counties        "  2,428 

In  6        "  "  4,617 

In  4        "  "  4,081 

Worces'r  and  Barnstable,  536 

Berkshire  and  Bristol,    1,919 

Suffolk  and  Nantucket,  2,162 
The  increase  of  Worcester  county  was  205  or  5570  ;jer  cent.,  and  that  of  Barnstable  county  269, 
or  160-11  per  cent.,  but,  exclusive  of  Marshpee,  there  was  a  decrease  in  that  county  of  25,  or 
14-83  per  cent.  The  increase  of  Worcester  and  Barnstable  counties,  exclusive  of  Murshpee, 
was  180,  or  34-69 /)er  cent. 


"              "           decrease    ' 

294  or  12-10 

"             "           increase    ' 

'    1,918  or  41-54 

u                       «                            «                 < 

'     1,144  or  35-38 

a                  ■■                      «             < 

474  or  SS-43 

a                  11                      11             1 

'       590  or  30-74 

11                  11                     11             1 

'       854  or  39-49 

148 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XXXir — Exhibiting  the  Proportions  per  cent.,  of  the  Free  Colored 
People  in  the  United  States,  in  Massachusetts,  and  in  Parts  of  Massachusetts, 
in  1830  and  in  1840,  and  also  their  Proportiotis  of  Increase  or  Decrease,  in  10 
years,  from  1830  to  1840,  by  Sexes  and  Ages. 

I.    United  States. 


MALES. 


c    . 

c    . 

c    . 

Co 

& 

;:S 

~  E 

■S" 

-o-o 

■a  '^ 

"c  =*> 

«-§ 

«l 

*•§ 

o  S 

rt 

t> 

o 

s 

^ 

g 

^ 

Census  of  1830, 

15-23 

13-48 

8-65 

6-97 

3-60 

•08 

48-01 

Increase  in  10  years,  - 

1141 

14-58 

11-50 

900 

3-00 

•02 

49-51 

Census  of  1840, 

14-57 

13-67 

9-14 

7-32 

3-50 

•07 

48-27 

Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years, 
Census  of  1840, 


Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years, 
Census  of  1840, 

Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years. 
Census  of  1840, 


FEMALES. 

14-81 

15-07 

10-18 

7-61 

4-20 

•12  1 

11-59 

12  68 

13-71 

9-06 

3-49 

—04 

14-25 

14-65 

10-79 

7-86 

4  08 

•10  1 

II.     Massachusetts. 


MALES. 

11-27 

12-62 

10-29 

8-89 

4-48 

•14 

7-02 

14-16 

44-27 

15-09 

—61 

—■25 

10-47 

12-91 

16-66 

10-U5 

3-53 

•07 

FEMALES. 

11-49 

13-70 

11-58 

9  38 

5-59 

•57 

5-60 

567 

320 

6-77 

1-42 

—2-34 

10-38 

12-19 

1001 

8-90 

4-81 

•02 

51-99 
50-49 
51-73 


47-69 
79-68 
53-69 

52-31 
2U-32 
46-31 


III.  Parts  of  Massachusetts.  1.  Eight  Counties  which  decreased  in  the 
10  years,  viz.  Essex,  3Iiddlesex,  Hampshire,  Hampden,  Franklin,  Norfolk, 
Plymouth  and  Dukes. 


MALES. 


Census  of  1830, 
Decrease  in  10  years, 
Census  of  1840, 

Census  of  1830, 
Decrease  in  10  years, 
Census  of  1840, 


11-28 

13-47 

8-57 

8-40 

6-09 

•25 

9-18 

6-46 

—7-82 

9-18 

16-67 

1-02 

11-58 

14-43 

10-83 

8-29 

4-64 

•14 

FEMALES. 


11-29 

12-60 

9-84 

9-35 

7-37 

1-49 

8  16 

10-54 

14-63 

3-74 

16-33 

11-91 

11-71 

12-89 

9-18 

10-12 

6-14 

•05 

48-06 
34-69 
49-91 

51-94 
65-31 
50-09 


2.  Six  Counties  which  increased  in  the  10  years,  viz.  Suffolk,  Worcester,  Berk- 
shire, Bristol,  Barnstable  and  Nantucket. 


MALES. 


Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years. 
Census  of  1840, 


11-26 

12-17 

11-20 

914 

3-64 

•09 

7-35 

12-98 

36-29 

14-18 

2-03 

—•05 

10-11 

12-41 

18-56 

10-62 

3-17 

-05 

47-50 
72-78 
54-92 


PROPORTIONS    OF    COLORED    PERSONS. 
TABLE  XXXll.— Continued. 


149 


FE3IALES. 


o 

si 

1^ 
2"^ 

5«g 

1^ 

Is 

a. 

3     . 

8* 

1 

Census  of  1830, 
Increase  ia  10  }'ears,  - 
Census  of  1840, 

11-59 
6  00 
9-95 

14-27 

6-41 

11-97 

12-50 

4-96 

10  28 

9-40 
6-31 
8-49 

4-66 
3-70 
4-38 

•08 

—  16 

-01 

52-50 
27-22 
45-03 

4  Counties,  viz.  Suffolk,  Berkshire,  Bristol  and  Nantucket. 
MALES. 


Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years,  - 
Census  of  1840, 

Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years,  - 
Census  of  1840, 


11-62 

11-59 

11-52 

9-75 

3-33 

. 

4-64 

1413 

45-29 

14-47 

1-52 

•21 

9-79 

12-25 

20-34 

10  99 

2-86 

•06 

FEBULES. 


11-59 

13-48 

12-99 

9-55 

4-51 

•07 

3-39 

6-44 

2-91 

4-72 

2-42 

—  14 

9-45 

11-64 

10-35 

829 

3-96 

•02 

b.    2  Counties,  viz.  Worcester  and  Barnstable. 
MALES. 


Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years,  - 
Census  of  1840, 

Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years,  - 
Census  of  1840, 


8-58     1660 

8-77 

4-48 

5-97 

•75 

15-61      9-49 

8-86 

13-29 

3-59 

—84 

1188     13-27 

8-81 

8-62 

4-85 

- 

FEMALES. 


11-57 

20-33 

8-77 

8-21 

5-78 

•19 

13-92 

6-33 

11-18 

11-18 

7-60 

—21 

12-67 

13-76 

9-90 

9-61 

6-63 

- 

2  Counties,  viz.  Berkshire  and  Bristol. 
MALES. 


Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years. 
Census  of  1840, 


14^28 

13-50 

9-74 

8-49  1 

3-44 

. 

4^41 

10-34 

28-30 

7-29  1 

5-42 

•34 

11^96 

12-75 

14-11 

8-21  ! 

3-91 

•08 

FEMALES. 


Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years. 
Census  of  1840, 


12-92     13-08 

10-84 

8-23 

5-37 

•11 

6-95     13-22 

10-34 

8-98 

4-58 

—  17 

11-52     13-11 

10-72 

8-41 

5-18 

•041 

d.    2  Counties,  viz.  Suffolk  and  Nantucket. 


Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years, 
Census  of  1840, 

Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years, 
Census  of  1840, 

20 


MALES. 

9-25 

9-90 

13-09 

10-87 

4-80 

16-74 

57-03 

19-44 

7-99 

1184 

2553 

13-30 

FEMALES. 

10-41 

13-83 

14-89 

10-73 

3-75 

-04 

.94 

1-75 

—2-22 

1-75 

•94 

—  12 

7-72 

10-41 

10-05 

8-19 

2-95 

- 

47-81 
80-26 
56-29 

52-19 
19-74 
43-71 


45-15 
5000 
47-43 

54-85 
50-00 
52-57 


49-45 
56-10 
5102 

50-55 
43-90 
48-98 


46-35 
96-96 
60-68 

53-65 

3^04 

39^32 


150 


POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 


TABLE  XXXII.— Continued. 
Boston. 


MALES. 


;, 

c    . 

c    . 

cc 

g. 

so 

sm 

-S 

■c-^ 

-a" 

"§■2 

'^  9 

g^ 

§  J 

3 

p 

S 

S 

in 

H 

Census  of  1830, 

9-49 

9-23 

13-13 

11-04 

3-04 

. 

4613 

Increase  in  10  years,  - 

4-89 

7-07 

65-94 

20-11 

—1-45 

•18 

96-74 

Census  of  1840, 

8-45 

8-73 

25-30 

13-10 

2-02 

•04 

57-64 

Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years. 
Census  of  1840, 


Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years, 
Census  of  1840, 

Census  of  1830, 
Increase  in  10  years, 
Census  of  1840, 


FEMALES. 

10-35 

13-76 

14-83 

11-20 

3-68 

•05 

3-08 

—72 

-18 

•90 

. 

—•18 

8-69 

10-47 

11-50 

8-86 

2-84 

- 

Najitucket. 
MALES. 


7-88 

14-70 

11-83 

9-32 

3-58 

4-68 

34-78 

38  80 

18-73 

•33 

6-23 

25-08 

25-78 

14-19 

1-90 

FEMALES. 

11-11     14  34 

15-77 

7^89 

3-58 

- 

—3-01       6-69 

—6-69 

301 

2-68 

. 

3-81 

10-38 

4-15 

5-36 

3-12 

- 

53-87 

3-26 

42-36 


47-31 
97^32 
73-18 

52-69 

2-68 

26-82 


According  to  the  census  of  1S30,  the  number  of  the  col- 
ored persons  in  the  state  was, 

of  males  3,360,      of  females  3,685,  total      7,04^ 

To  which  add  from 

the  census  of  '40, 

under  10   years,  "        908,  "  900,  "        1,808 


And  we  have  «     4,268,  "  4,585,  «        8,853 

as  the  highest  number  possible  on  the  supposition  that 
these  censuses  loere  correct.,  and  that  there  was  no  death  nor 
immigration  of  colored  persons  into  the  Commonwealth  dur- 
ing these  ten  years.  But  according  to  the  census  of  1840, 
there  were  4,654  males,  4,015  females,  and  8,669  of  both 
sexes ;  that  is,  there  were  386  more  males,  and  570  less  of 
females,  and  184  less  of  both  sexes,  tiian  the  highest  possi- 
ble number  by  the  first  position.    Now,  it  is  to  be  presumed. 


PROBABLE   NUMBER    OF   COLORED    PERSONS   IN    1840.         151 

that  during  this  period  not  less  than  570  deaths  of  colored 
females  must  have  occurred,  which  is  only  57  per  an- 
num, or  1  to  65  persons  out  of  3,685.  A  proportional  num- 
ber of  deaths  among  the  3,360  males  would  be  520,  which 
being  taken  from  4,268,  the  highest  number  possible  by 
the  first  position,  we  have  3,748  for  the  males,  and  the  num- 
ber of  both  sexes  will  then  be  7,763,  without  immigration, 
instead  of  8,669  in  the  census.  Thus,  it  is  clear  that  at 
least  906  of  the  colored  population  in  1840,  must  have  been 
emigrants  into  the  state  during  the  preceding  ten  years ; 
906  deducted  from  1,294,  the  increase  of  the  males,  give 
388  as  their  increase,  apart  from  immigration  during  the 
lime,  which  is  58  only  more  than  that  of  the  females,  giv- 
ing the  proportion  of  100  females  to  117-57  males. 

The  following  will  show  the  immigration  of  colored  per- 
sons into  Boston  during  these  ten  years,  according  to  the 
censuses.     The  census  of  1830  contained, 

of  males      865,  of  females      1,010,  total    1,875 
To  whicli  add  from  the  cea- 

sus  of '40,  under  10  years,         "  205,         "  211,     "         416 


And  we  have  "         1,070,         "  1,221,     "      2,229 

*  as  the  highest  possible  number  in  1840,  on  the  supposition 
there  was  no  immigration  nor  death  of  colored  persons 
during  the  ten  years.  But  according  to  the  census  of  1840, 
the  number  was,  of  males  1,399,  of  females  1,028,  and  of 
both  sexes  2,427,  The  females  in  1840  were  actually  less 
than  their  highest  possible  number  was,  by  193  ;  which  we 
may  suppose  to  have  been  deaths  in  ten  years,  averaging  19 
per  annum,  or  1  to  52-33  persons  out  of  1,010,  and  the  pro- 
portional deaths  among  the  males  would  be  165  in  the  ten 
years,  averaging  16|  per  annum.  These  165  taken  from 
the  highest  possible  number,  1,070,  leave  885  as  the  high- 
est number  of  males  without  immigration,  being  an  increase 
of  only  20  persons  in  ten  years;  885  added  to  1,028,  give 
1,913  as  the  highest  number  of  colored  persons  in  Boston 


152  POPULATION   OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 

without  immigration,  which  is  514  less  than  that  of  the 
census,  and  these  514  must  be  males,  and  must  be  appor- 
tioned among  the  immigrants  and  those  erroneously  includ- 
ed in  the  census. 

But  we  find  that  in  Ward  2,  in  which  we  see  no  suffi- 
cient reason  for  supposing  any  material  increase,  there  are 
500  more  in  the  census  of  1840  than  in  that  of  1S30.  We 
think  these  500  are  an  over-enumeration.  In  this  ward, 
according  to  the  census  returns  in  1840,  36  colored  families 
contained  688  persons,  and  there  were  5  colored  persons  in 
white  families;  11  families,  consisting  of  631  colored  per- 
sons, of  whom  552  were  males  and  79  females,  contained 
490  "persons  employed  in  navigation  of  the  ocean."  One 
of  these  families  contained  163  persons,  of  whom  150 
were  sea-faring.  Also  34  white  families  had  6,006  males 
and  162  females,  and  5,854  sea-faring;  and  11  other  families, 
1,366  males  and  84  females,  with  no  sea-faring  specified. 

In  Boston,  the  nam,es  of  the  extraordinary  number  of 
persons,  both  white  and  colored,  engaged  in  the  navigation 
of  the  ocean,  are  not  specified,  which  is  strongly  suspicious 
of  their  being  false :  but  in  Nantucket,  in  which  the  in- 
crease of  the  colored  is  very  large,  and  the  number  of  sea- 
faring also  very  large,  the  names  of  these  last  are  generally 
mentioned  in  the  returns. 

In  Nantucket,  the  number  of  colored  persons  in  1830 
was  279,  of  whom  132  were  males  and  147  females.  In 
1840  it  was  578,  of  whom  423  were  males  and  155  females. 
Of  the  423  males,  327  are  specified  in  the  returns  as  em- 
ployed in  the  navigation  of  the  ocean,  and  nearly  all  of 
them  are  named.  There  appears  no  reason  for  suspecting 
the  correctness  of  these  returns,  except  the  great  increase, 
which  must  have  been  by  immigration,  and  the  dispropor- 
tion of  the  sexes,  but  these  circumstances  are  easily  ex- 
plained by  the  supposition  of  their  more  readily  finding 
employment  in  Nantucket  than  elsewhere. 


PROBABLE    NUMBER    OF   COLORED   PERSONS    IN    1840.        153 

In  view  of  these  considerations,  we  regard  the  reported 
increase  of  colored  persons  in  Ward  2  as  false,  and  that  in 
reality  there  was  little  or  no  increase  of  blacks  in  Boston 
from  1830  to  1840. 

The  number  of  colored  persons  in  Boston,  according  to 
the  census,  was  1,875  in  1830  and  2,427  in  1840,  the  in- 
crease during  the  ten  years  purporting  to  have  been  552,  of 
whom  at  least  514  must  have  been  either  male  immigrants 
or  an  over-enumeration  of  males,  leaving  only  38  as  the 
greatest  possible  increase  of  both  sexes.  Of  this  increase 
18  were  females,  as  appears  by  the  census  of  1840,  and  the 
rest  of  course  must  be  males.  But  as  it  appears  highly 
probable  that  very  near  500  are  an  over-enumeration  in 
Ward  2,  the  number  of  colored  emigrants  must  have  been 
very  small  in  Boston,  and  the  increase  was  in  reality  very 
little,  and  was  probably  confined  to  4  comities,  viz.  Wo7- 
cesier,  Berkshire,  Bristol  and  Nantucket ;  and  accordingly 
we  should  correct  the  census  nearly  as  follows  : 


TABLE  XXXIII.- 


-Exhibiting  the  Censuses  of  1830  and  1840,  corrected,  for  10 
Counties  mhich  decreased. 


Census  of  1830. 

Decrease  in 

10  ys. 

Census  of  1S40. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Mai. 

Fern. 

Total. 

Mai. 

Fem.  Total. 

Suffolk,  - 

870 

1013 

1883 

. 

. 

870 

101318S3 

Essex,    - 

242 

280 

522 

9 

6 

15 

233 

274 

507 

Middlesex, 

263 

254 

517 

4-22 

46 

24 

285 

208 

493 

Hampshire,    - 

113 

110 

223 

7 

15 

22 

106 

95 

201 

Hampden, 

174 

173 

347 

22 

13 

35 

152 

160 

312 

Franklin,    ex- 

clusive     of 

Erving, 

68 

55 

123 

16 

19 

35 

52 

36 

88 

Norfolk, 

69 

100 

169 

6 

3 

9 

63 

97 

160 

Plymouth, 

194 

217 

411 

33 

25 

58 

161 

192 

353 

Barnstable,     -  ) 

78 

90 

168 

Marshpee,  '40.  ) 

146 

148 

294 

224 

238 

462 

6 

19 

25 

218 

219 

437 

Dukes,   - 

27 

21 

48 

14 

14 

28 

13 

' 

20 

Total,     - 

2244 

2461 

4705 

91 

160 

251 

2153  2301 

4454 

154 


POPULATION    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


Thus  it  appears  that  the  aggregate  loss  in  these  10  coun- 
ties was  351,  of  whom  160  were  females  and  91  males,  the 
presumption  being  that  the  number  of  males  were  more 
sustained  by  immigration  than  that  of  the  females,  partic- 
ularly in  the  county  of  Middlesex^  and  the  inference  is  that 
the  natural  increase  was  not  sufficient  to  keep  the  number 
good.  In  Dukes  county,  where  the  decrease  was  14  of 
each  sex,  the  number  was  not  probably  affected  by  immi- 
gration. 

The  population  of  the  4  remaining  counties  which  in- 
creased during  the  ten  years,  was  as  follows  : 


TABLE  XXXiy. — Exhibiting  Die  Population  of  4  Counties  wliich  increased 
from  1830  to  1840. 


Census  of  1830. 

Increase  in  10  yrs. 

Census  of  1840. 

Males. 

Females 

Total. 

Males. 

Females 

Total. 

Males. 

Females 

Total. 

Worces'r, 
Berifshire, 
Bristol, 
Nantuc't, 

164 
484 
465 
132 

204 
507 
463 
147 

368 
991 
928 
279 

97 
170 
161 
291 

108 

117 

142 

8 

205 
287 
303 
299 

261 
654 
626 
423 

312 
624 
605 
155 

573 
1278 
1231 

578 

4  co's, 
10    " 

1245 

2244 

1321 
2461 

2566 
4705 

719 
dec  91 

375 
del60 

1094 
de251 

1964 
2153 

1696 
2301 

3660 
4454 

Correct'd, 
Difference 

3489 
129 

3782 
97 

7271 
226 

628 
-666 

215 
-115 

843 

-781 

4117 
-537 

3997 
-18 

8114 
-555 

Censuses, 

3360 

3685 

7045 

1294 

330 

1624 

4654 

4015 

8669 

According  to  these  corrections,  the  number  of  the  colored 
population  in  1830  would  be  7,271,  or  220  moi^e  than  the 
census,  and  the  increase  in  ten  years,  including  immigra- 
tion, 843,  or  11-59  yjer  cent.,  and  the  number  in  1840,  8,114, 
or  555  less  than  the  census.  Of  the  increase  in  the  4  coun- 
ties, that  of  the  males  was  (719 — 375=)  344  more  than 
the  females;  of  the  aggregate  increase  in  the  14  counties, 
that  of  the  males  was  (028 — 215-=)  413  more  than  that  of 


PROBABLE    NUMBER    OF    COLORED    PERSONS    IN    1810.  155 

the  females,  and  is  presumed  to  have  consisted  of  emi- 
grants in  the  several  parts  of  the  Commonwealth,  especi- 
ally in  the  county  of  Nantucket.  Some  of  them  appear  in 
Berkshire  and  Bristol  counties,  also  in  Middlesex^  where 
there  was  a  loss  of  46  females  and  a  gain  of  22  males,  and 
in  Suffolk^  where  there  were  probably  a  few  emigrants, 
though  in  this  estimate  of  the  number  this  county  is  pre- 
sumed to  have  been  stationary;  and  thus  the  whole  increase 
of  both  sexes  in  the  Commonwealth  did  not  exceed  five  or  six 
hmidred  in  ten  years.  After  deducting  413  from  the  whole 
increase  843,  we  have  430  only,  or  5-91  per  cent,  as  the 
whole  natural  increase  in  Massachusetts,  and  even  this 
number  contains  undoubtedly  some  emigrants,  for  the  re- 
duction of  the  increase  is  here  made  on  the  supposition  that 
only  males  immigrated;  but  it  is  known  to  many  that  col- 
ored females  have  come  into  Massachusetts,  and  have  been 
declared  free  by  the  Supreme  Court. 

Concluding  that  the  natural  increase  of  the  colored  pop- 
ulation in  the  ten  years  was  only  about  215  persons  of 
each  sex,  making  the  number,  in  1840,  of  males  3,704,  of 
females  3,997,  and  the  total  7,701,  the  proportion  j)er  cent. 
would  be  48-10  males  to  51*90  females,  which  is  very  near 
what  it  was  in  the  state,  in  1830,  and  what  it  was  in  1840, 
in  the  8  counties  which  had  decreased,  and  is  also  very  near 
that  of  the  whole  free  colored  in  the  United  States  at  the  two 
epochs  (see  Table  XXXII) ;  and  therefore  we  may  regard 
this  result  as  a  very  near  approximation  to  the  true  number. 

From  what  has  been  said  it  is  evident  that,  considering 
the  degraded  condition  of  the  colored  population  in  Massa- 
chusetts, their  increase,  though  aided  by  immigratioji,  has 
been,  dxiring  the  ichole  jwriod  of  seventy-Jive  years,  less  than 
one  third  that  of  the  whites,  and  we  conclude  that  without 
immigration  this  increase  would  have  been  very  small.  This 
condition  of  theirs  has  arisen  partly  from  the  effects  of  sla- 
very in  this  Commonwealth  for  about  a  century  .previous 


156  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

to  1776,  when  it  was  virtually  abolished  by  an  act  of  the 
legislature.  A  prejudice  has  existed  in  the  community, 
and  still  exists  against  them  on  account  of  their  color,  and 
on  account  of  their  being  the  descendants  of  slaves.  They 
cannot  obtain  employment  on  equal  terms  with  the  whites, 
and  wherever  they  go  a  sneer  is  passed  upon  them,  as  if 
this  sportive  inhumanity  were  an  act  of  merit.  They  have 
been,  and  still  are,  mostly,  servants,  or  doomed  to  accept 
such  menial  employment  as  the  whites  decline.  They 
have  been,  and  are,  scattered  over  the  Commonwealth,  one 
or  more  in  over  two  thirds  of  all  the  towns ;  they  continue 
poor,  with  small  means  and  opportunities  for  enjoying  the 
social  comforts  and  advantages  which  are  so  much  at  the 
command  of  the  whites.  Thus,  though  their  legal  rights 
are  the  same  as  those  of  the  whites,  their  condition  is  one 
of  degredation  and  dependence,  and  renders  existence  less 
valuable,  and  impairs  the  duration  of  life  itself 

2.  We  conclude,  also,  that  the  ina^ease  of  tJie  colored  pop- 
tilalion  is  not  likely  hereafter  to  keep  pace  with  that  of  the 
whites  in  this  Commonwealth.  Past  experience  for  seventy- 
five  years  indicates  this.  The  proportion  of  the  colored  to 
the  white  population  has  been  reduced  during  every  period, 
and  since  1765,  in  the  state,  from  2*17  to  1-18  per  cent., 
and  in  Boston,  from  5-77  to  2-^'o  per  cent. 

The  prejudices  which  are  now  felt  in  this  Common- 
wealth against  the  people  of  color,  and  the  disadvantages 
under  which  they  labor,  unfavorable  to  their  comfort,  their 
increase,  and  their  improvement,  we  can  hardly  expect 
will  soon  be  removed. 

They  are  excluded  from  the  more  honorable  and  profit- 
able employments,  and  are  likely  to  continue  so.  Owing 
to  their  color  and  the  prejudice  against  them,  they  can 
hardly  be  said  to  receive  that  sympathy  in  sickness  or  in 
sorrow,  fresh  from  the  heart  of  the  whites,  which  the 
whites  would  feel  for  each  other,  in  this  free  state,  nor 


CONCLUSION.  1 57 

even  so  cordial  a  sympathy  as  would  be  shown  to  them  in 
a  slave  state,  owing  to  their  different  position  in  society. 
This  want  of  true  sympathy,  and  this  sense  of  degrada- 
tion, must  operate  on  their  sensibility,  and  unfavorably 
affect  their  physical,  moral  and  social  condition,  and  shorten 
to  them  the  duration  of  life. 

Most  of  the  colored  people  in  this  Commonwealth  arc  a 
mixture  of  races,  of  Africans,  Indians  and  whites,  in  vari- 
ous degrees  of  purity,  a  circumstance  regarded  by  physiol- 
ogists as  unfavorable  to  the  increase  of  a  healthy  and 
hardy  progeny,  and  predisposing  them  to  an  early  matu- 
rity and  an  early  decay  of  the  physical  and  intellectual 
powers.  It  is  said  that  a  mulatto  is  seldom  known  to  have 
survived  70  years  in  the  West  Indies,  while  pure  blacks 
often  live  twice  that  age.  It  is  remarked  by  those  who 
have  been  conversant  with  our  public  charities,  that  a 
larger  proportion  of  colored  than  of  white  persons  are, 
in  early  life,  found  to  be  subjects  of  fatal  disease,  particu- 
larly of  consumption. 

The  number  of  colored  children  born  during  the  year 
next  preceding  May  1,  1S44,  in  28S  towns,  whose  whole 
population  was  593,876,  and  whose  colored  population  was 
5,710  in  1840,  was,  according  to  the  returns  of  the  town 
clerks,  only  47,  or  1  to  12 1 '48  colored  persons,  while  the 
number  of  white  children  was  (14,757 — 47=)  14,710,  or  1 
to  39-98  white  persons.  After  making  due  allowances  for 
the  imperfections  of  these  returns,  we  are  fully  of  the  opin- 
ion that  these  returns  strongly  indicate  the  great  inferiority 
of  the  proportion  of  the  births  of  colored  children  to  that 
of  the  whites. 

We  infer  that  there  is  to  be  expected  but  a  small  in- 
crease of  the  colored  population  in  Massachusetts,  from 
the  large  mortality  among  them,  especially  considering 
their  degraded  and  dependent  position  among  the  predomi- 
nant class  of  a  different  color.  In  Baltimore,  Philadelphia 
21 


158  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

and  New  York,  according  to  the  bills  of  mortality,  the 
deaths  have  been  much  more  numerous  among  the  free 
colored  population  than  among  the  whites. 

On  the  records  of  the  superintendent  of  burials  in  Bos- 
ton, 320  deaths  are  designated  as  of  colored  persons  during 
the  five  years  from  1841  to  1845  inclusive,  averaging  64 
per  annum.  All  the  deaths  of  colored  persons  are  not  thus 
designated.  These  deaths  give  the  proportion  of  1  death 
to  37-92,  or  2-63  per  cent,  out  of  2,427  colored  persons.  We 
believe,  however,  their  number  could  not  have  exceeded 
1,975  at  most ;  and  in  this  case,  the  proportion  would  be  1 
to  30-85,  or  3-24  per  cent.  Of  these  320  deaths,  the  males 
were  145  and  the  females  175,  in  the  five  years,  averaging, 
per  annum,  29  males  and  35  females,  and  giving  the  pro- 
portion of  100  females  to  82-85  males.  This  proportion  is 
very  different  from  what  we  should  expect  from  the  great 
predominance  of  the  males  over  the  females,  as  exhibited 
in  the  census  of  1840,  and  may  be  accounted  for  on  the 
supposition  of  error  in  that  census,  or  that  many  of  the 
colored  males  who  are  sea-faring,  have  died  abroad.  Of 
these  320  deaths,  1  colored  female  died  at  the  age  of  101, 
and  several  colored  persons  died  at  80  and  upwards.  It  is 
the  opinion  of  some  persons,  that  the  mortality  of  the  col- 
ored people  in  Boston  is  as  great  as  1  to  15  persons. 

The  whole  number  of  deaths  in  Boston  in  1844,  exclu- 
sive of  187  stillborn,  was  2,054,  according  to  the  abstract  of 
the  bill  of  mortality,  or  1  to  53-76  persons,  in  a  population 
estimated  at  110,441  in  the  middle  of  that  year.  Of  these 
2,054  deaths,  over  900  were  of  Catholics,  mostly  whites,  in 
a  population  estimated  at  24,000,  or  1  to  26-67  persons  ; 
and  there  will  remain  1,154  deaths  of  the  Protestant  whites 
and  blacks,  in  a  population  of  86,441,  or  1  to  7490  per- 
sons. Of  these  1,154  deaths,  64  are  the  reported  annual 
average  of  the  blacks  for  the  last  five  years,  estimated  at 
2,427,  giving  the  proportion  of  1  to  37-92  persons,  or  2-63 /^er 


CONCLUSION.  159 

cent. ;  and  there  will  remain  1,090  deaths  among  the  Pro- 
testant whites,  estimated  at  not  less  than  84,014,  giving 
the  proportion  of  1  to  7707  persons,  or  1-29  jier  cent.,  which 
is  not  half  the  mortality  of  the  blacks.  Or  if  we  suppose 
the  number  of  the  colored  people  to  have  been  1,875,  that 
of  the  Protestant  whites  would  be  84,565.  The  mortality 
of  the  blacks  would  average  per  annum  1  to  29-29  persons, 
or  3-41  per  cent..,  which  we  believe  to  be  much  too  small ; 
and  that  of  the  Protestant  whites  would  be  1  to  77-58  per- 
sons, or  1  -28  per  cent. 

The  small  increase  of  the  colored  people  in  Massachu- 
setts necessarily  arises  from  their  insulated  and  degraded 
position  among  the  predominant  class,  the  whites.  Vari- 
ous circumstances  connected  with  this  position  operate  to 
the  disadvantage  of  this  class  in  all  their  relations  in  life. 
The  effect  is  fully  accounted  for  without  supposing,  as 
some  may,  that  the  condition  of  the  colored  population 
would  be  better  in  a  state  of  slavery.  Whatever  might  be 
their  condition  in  a  state  of  slavery,  there  does  not  seem  to 
be  any  more  right  to  reduce  to  slavery  a  body  of  human 
beings  on  account  of  their  dark  color,  than  on  account  of 
their  white  color.  But  at  present,  the  current  of  public 
sentiment  having  its  source  in  Revelation,  and  in  the  inspi- 
rations of  the  human  mind,  is  now  circulating  throughout 
all  the  civilized  nations  of  the  earth,  opposing  and  wash- 
ing away  the  inhuman  and  barbarous  relics  of  slavery 
among  men,  and  is  ^not  likely  to  be  spent  till  it  has  com- 
pleted its  \vork.        •  i 

The  increase  of^ftie  people  of  color  has  very  obviously 
been  sustained  in  Massachusetts  by  emigrants  from  abroad ; 
and  without  such  aid,  it  has  been  doubted  whether  there 
would  have  been  any  increase  whatever.  It  is  clear  that 
their  number  can  hardly  be  sustained  by  the  natural 
increase  of  those  now  in  the  Commonwealth  alone,  consid- 
ering their  insulated   and   degraded  position  among  the 


160  POPULATION    OF    MASSACHUSETTS. 

whites.  The  mixed  race  of  which  they  are  now,  and  have 
been  for  fifty  years  mostly  composed,  are  a  feeble  race ; 
and  a  further  mixture  with  the  whites  will,  from  time  to 
time,  cause  a  portion  of  them  to  be  undistinguishable  in 
the  community  from  the  whites  themselves;  so  that  the 
^  tendency  seems  to  be  ultimately  to  extinguish  them  as 
a  race,  as  has  been  the  case  with  the  more  numerous, 
and,  in  many  respects,  more  hardy  tribes  of  Indians  in 
this  Commonwealth,  who  have  been  displaced  by  the  Eu- 
ropean emigrants.  Many  instances  of  similar  displace- 
ment are  to  be  found  in  history.  The  blacks,  thus  far, 
have  been  aided  in  retaining  their  numbers  by  means  of 
emigration  from  abroad;  while  the  Indians,  now  nearly 
extinct  as  a  race,  have  received  no  accessions  from  that 
source  since  our  first  knowledge  of  them,  though  their 
blood,  with  scarcely  distinguishable  traces,  still  flows  in 
the  veins  of  some  of  our  citizens. 


CORRECTIONS    AND    ADDITIONS. 

Besides  the  corrections  and  additions  mentioned  on  the  35th  page,  the  following  pi^v  iip  mnile. 
namely:    On  the  5th  page,  4th  line  from  the  bottom,  for  "Massachusetts  I'  ec- 

tioiis,"  read  "  Collections  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society."  7lh  paL  .  i  .  .•  ';om 
the  bottom,  for  "  her,"  read  "  our."  9th  page,  5th  line  from  the  bottom,  for  '<^^d|&a^  ••i^^* 
15th  page,  2d  note,  for  "  See  Saugus,"  read  "  See  North  Chelsea,  Ltjnii  (^j^^KKfP^  Ohlfie 
16th  page,  9th  note,  erase  "  CAeteea."  18th  page,  3d  line,  t  r  ■  I  riiO,"  i>irf*1^  '  '  ■■  '  no 
last  column,  for  "1800,"  read  "  ISIO."  31st  page,  llthlme,  for  "Tannl,^ 
TON."  32d  page,  5th  note,  erase  "and  Plymptou.''  3Sd  page,  lllh  li 
"^,026."  36th  page,  last  line,  5th  column,  for  "  '^  r:i,"  read  "23-T" 
"144,570,"  read  "  144,500."  42d  page,  19th  line,  (••■■  ■■  "  ■•"••■'  " 
erase  "since  1820,"  and  insert  "since  1820,  imnii-l 

from  the  bottom,  erase  "  14,885."  54th  page,  the  ii,  i:  ■!  ■  I  '  -  Vli^shoiild 
hibiting  the  Population  oftli^e  Towns  in  Massachusetts,  ('^sff/SBf^o  sevc7i  Coisi/a 
with  the  Dates  of  their  Incorporation,  and  their  Distances  T^milesfroyn  Boston,  i 
57th  page,  26th  line,  for  "  Berkeley,"  read  "  Berkley."  83d  page,  18th  and  IS 
"  Levereti,  Sunderland  and  Whately,"  read  "  Shutcsbury,  Leverett  and  Sunderld 
page,  14ih  line,  for  "columns,"  read  "column."  lllth  page,  11th  line  from  tb 
"  Massachusetts  Historical  Collections,"  read  "  Collections  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  So- 
ciety." 112lh  page,  14th  line,  for  "are,"  read  "  is,"  and  15th  line,  for  "  have,"  read  "  has." 
130th  page,  on  the  line  with  "Increase  in  10  years,"  14th  column,  for  "38,"  read  " — 33." 
132d  page,  2d  line,  for  "  whites,"  read  "  white."  1 10th  page,  4th  line  from  the  bottom,  for 
"  XXX,"  read  "  XXIX."  144th  page,  14lh  column,  under  "  100  and  upwards,"  for  "  38"  and 
"  37,"  read  "  —38"  and  "  —37." 


RETURN     CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT 

TO— ^      202  Main  Library 


LOAN  PERIOD  1 
HOME  USE 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 

1  -month  loans  may  be  renewed  by  colling  642-3405 

6-month  loons  may  be  recharged  by  bringing  books  to  Circulotion  Desk 

Renewals  and  recharges  may  be  made  4  days  prior  to  due  dote 


DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 

^/0-/o4 

k.x 

r   n 

;-       ^ 

11  ^^       *' 

'W        '^' 

a:. 

m' 

(fif  1  ■■,    ,- 

«P  U(j 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 
FORM  NO.  DD6,  60m,  3/80  BERKELEY,  CA  94720 


GENERAL  lIBflARY   U.C.  BEBKaEY 


M138483 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  UBRARY 


«|K2»K_.4 


